Effect of reducing the interval of recording from three to one hour on gas production profiles in the semi-automated technique using a pressure transducer

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
R. M. Mauricio ◽  
F. L. Mould ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
M.S. Dhanoa ◽  
M.K. Theodorou
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Automated Technique ◽  
Micro Organisms

Mauricio et al.(1997) reported that faeces as an inoculum in the gas production produced similar results to rumen liquor in terms of total gas production and OM digestibility but a greater initial lag phase was observed. Where a mathematical description is to be used to develop the gas production profiles an accurate description of the lag phase (the period prior to degradation during which multiplication and attachment of the micro-organisms occur) must be obtained. For this to be achieved when a large number of samples are to be examined, measurement of gas production has to be achieved rapidly; this is possible using a semi-automated technique (Mauricio et al., 1998). This study evaluated the effect of recording gas production using a manual (syringe) technique, with a standard 3 h interval, and at 1h and 3 h intervals using a semi-automated system.

Pre-incubation of microbes for use in the Pressure Transducer Technique (PTT) of feed evaluation - effect of basal feed composition

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
D M Harris
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Effect Of The Composition ◽  
High Cellulose

The use of the Pressure Transducer Technique (PTT) to evaluate feed degradation as described by Theodorou et al (1994) recognises the presence of a lag phase (1-2h) after introducing the microbial innocula to the feed under investigation. Previous work has shown that this can be reduced by incubating the microbes with a basal feed for 24h prior to the addition of a test feed. This work considered the effect of the composition of this basal feed.Four basal mixtures, Grass silage/conc(G), Hay/cone (H), Maize silage/conc: (M), Whole crop wheat/caustic wheat/cone (W) were prepared plus two mixtures based on purified nutrients to give high Starch (St) and high Cellulose (Ce) contents. 20ml strained, homogenised bovine rumen liquor was added to bottles containing 180ml of media and 1.5g DM of each basal mixture. After 24h of vented incubation at 39°C 1g DM of test feed, (either barley grain or straw both milled to 1 mm) was added and gas production measured at decreasing frequencies over the next 72h. Cumulative gas production at 72h were calculated (Table 1).

Comparison of bovine rumen liquor and faeces as sources of micro-organisms for the in vitro gas production technique assessed using twelve graminaceous forages

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
R. Mauricio ◽  
A.L. Abdalla ◽  
F.L. Mould ◽  
U.R. Altaf ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Micro Organisms

The experiment was conducted using a range of forages with accurately predetermined OMD values (ADAS) to compare rumen liquor (RL) and faeces (FA) as sources of inocula in the pressure transducer technique (PTT) (Theodorou et al., 1994). Gas production results were examined in relation to OMD determined in vitro (PTT, Tilley and Terry) and in vivo.

Comparison of rumen liquor and faeces, in UK and Brazil, as sources of microorganisms for in vitro gas production for assessing twelve forages

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 147-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Mauricio ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
A.L Abdalla ◽  
I.C.S. Bueno ◽  
F. L. Mould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Reading Study

In a previous study in Reading (altitude 66 m) (Mauricio et al., 1997) the lag phase was greater when cow faeces was used as a source of microorganisms in the in vitro gas production technique instead of rumen liquor when twelve temperate forages were fermented for 96 h. In the Reading study faeces and rumen liquor were obtained from a cow fed grass silage and concentrate (60:40). The present study was done in Piracicaba, Brazil-BR (altitude 780 m) which has a tropical climate. Using the same forages as in Mauricio et al. (1998), the study examined whether the same differences between faeces and rumen liquor would occur in a tropical environment. In addition, the opportunity was taken to develop an equation relating pressure and volume for the semi-automated pressure transducer technique and compare it with the equation developed in UK by Mauricio et al. (1998).

Comparison of bovine rumen liquor and faeces as sources of micro-organisms for the in vitro gas production technique assessed using twelve graminaceous forages

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 68-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mauricio ◽  
A.L. Abdalla ◽  
F.L. Mould ◽  
U.R. Altaf ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Micro Organisms

The experiment was conducted using a range of forages with accurately predetermined OMD values (ADAS) to compare rumen liquor (RL) and faeces (FA) as sources of inocula in the pressure transducer technique (PTT) (Theodorou et al., 1994). Gas production results were examined in relation to OMD determined in vitro (PTT, Tilley and Terry) and in vivo.

Pre-incubation of microbes for use in the Pressure Transducer Technique (PTT) of feed evaluation - effect of basal feed composition

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
D M Harris
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Effect Of The Composition ◽  
High Cellulose

The use of the Pressure Transducer Technique (PTT) to evaluate feed degradation as described by Theodorou et al (1994) recognises the presence of a lag phase (1-2h) after introducing the microbial innocula to the feed under investigation. Previous work has shown that this can be reduced by incubating the microbes with a basal feed for 24h prior to the addition of a test feed. This work considered the effect of the composition of this basal feed.Four basal mixtures, Grass silage/conc(G), Hay/cone (H), Maize silage/conc: (M), Whole crop wheat/caustic wheat/cone (W) were prepared plus two mixtures based on purified nutrients to give high Starch (St) and high Cellulose (Ce) contents. 20ml strained, homogenised bovine rumen liquor was added to bottles containing 180ml of media and 1.5g DM of each basal mixture. After 24h of vented incubation at 39°C 1g DM of test feed, (either barley grain or straw both milled to 1 mm) was added and gas production measured at decreasing frequencies over the next 72h. Cumulative gas production at 72h were calculated (Table 1).

A comparison of the in vitro fermentation of four feeds by inocula from bovine rumen digesta and equine caecal digesta, using the pressure transducer technique

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 224-224
Author(s):  
R.S. Lowman ◽  
M.K. Theodorou ◽  
A.C. Longland ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Naked Oats

It is generally believed that ruminants are better able to degrade highly fibrous feeds than equines. To determine if this is due to differences between the microflora of the rumen and the equine hind-gut, oatfeed (OF), naked oats (NO), soya hulls (SH) and unmolassed sugar beet pulp (SB) were incubated with inocula prepared from bovine rumen digesta or equine caecal digesta.OF, NO, SH, and SB were ground to pass through a 1 mm mesh screen and incubated for 72 hours, at 39°C with inocula prepared from either rumen (R) or caecal (C) digesta. Rumen digesta was obtained from three hay-fed, ruminally - fistulated Hereford x Friesian steers, and caecal digesta from three hay-fed, caecally -fistulated, Welsh-cross ponies. Gas production throughout the incubation was measured using the pressure transducer technique (Theodorou et al, 1994). After the incubation, VFA production was measured and residue weights were calculated for each feedstuff.

Automated Analysis of Organophosphorus Insecticides by Wet Digestion-Oxidation and Colorimetric Determination of the Derived Orthophosphate

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-708
Author(s):  
Daniel E Ott ◽  
Francis A Gunther
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Total System ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Automated Technique ◽  
Analytical System

Abstract Adaptation of an AutoAnalyzer system to the determination of phosphorus in organic compounds now provides an automated technique generally applicable for the analysis of organophosphorus inserticides. Following automated wet digestionoxidation of the compounds (some need preliminary alkaline hydrolysis) the resulting orthophosphate is determined automatically by a colorimetric system reading a phosphomolybdenum blue color at 815 mμ. The total system handles 10 samples per hour with a precision and sensitivity readily practical for organophosphorus insecticide analysis; the insecticidal solutions tested, at concentrations of 2 μg/ml or greater, gave repeatable responses within ± 10%. Manual cleanup procedures for most crop samples are required to remove interfering noninsecticidal phosphorus compounds before the system is applicable to total residue analyses. Thimet (phorate) and phosphamidon at 0.5 ppm in fortified stripping solutions of strawberries were analyzed separately without cleanup, however. Adsorption column chromatography on Florisil has provided rapid and efficient cleanup of fortified spinach extractives prior to automated analysis of Thimet and dimethoate. Autoanalysis of individual spots from thin layer chromatograms provides considerable specificity to this nonspecific analytical system, and for some crops provides all the cleanup necessary. Thin layer "spots" can be introduced directly into the automated system.

The effect of the length of the priming period on fermentation characteristics using the pressure transducer technique

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 217-217
Author(s):  
D. M. Harris ◽  
D. E. Beever
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Donor Animal ◽  
Grass Silage

The pressure transducer technique of Theodorou et al. (1984) is becoming of increasing importance in food evaluation. The main advantage over end-point procedures is the collection of kinetic data on a food. Previously such data were only obtained by sequential sacrifice or in situ techniques. Earlier work (Harris, 1996) showed that kinetics in the early stages of the incubation may not accurately simulate the processes occurring in vivo and this led to the use of a priming technique when the microbial innocula is acclimatized for 24 h to a priming food similar to the basal diet of the donor animal. This work investigates the effect of the length of priming on fermentation characteristics of two foods.Samples of barley grain and straw were ground through a 1-mm screen and a priming food of grass silage and concentrates prepared according to the method of Harris (1996). Gas production was determined from the barley grain and straw using bovine rumen liquor after exposing the microbial population to the priming food for 0 (unprimed), 6, 12, or 24 h. Gas volumes were recorded manually and the blank corrected volumes fitted to the equation of France et al. (1993).

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