Pengaruh Komposisi Pembuatan Dodol Mangrove (Sonneratia sp.) Terhadap Uji Organoleptik

Mangrove merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang hidup disepanjang pesisir pantai di Indonesia. Peran dan fungsi mangrove bagi ekosistem sangat penting, selain itu pemanfaatan dibidang ekologi, ekonomi, industri beberapa masyarakat ada yang memanfaatan mangrove sebagai obat dan bahan pangan yaitu pembuatan dodol dan waji. Buah mangrove yang dimanfaatkan pada penelitian ini jenis mangrove Pidada (Sonneratia sp.). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi pembuatan dodol mangrove (Sonneratia sp.) terhadap uji organoleptik Di Daerah Pesisir Desa Klatakan Kabupaten Situbondo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ekperimen dan rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penambahan tepung mangrove T1= tidak ada penambahan (kontrol), T2= 1 sdm dan T3= 2 sdm. Analisis statistik dilakukan 2 tahap yaitu univariat dan bivariat. Dalam penelitian ini analisis univariat dilakukan pada tiap variable kemudian dilanjutkan analisis bivariate menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis. . Karakteristik panelis yang akan diuraikan berikut ini menggambarkan keadaan panelis yang diteliti meliputi jenis kelamin, usia dan pekerjaan. Ada perbedaan warna pada 3 perlakuan komposisi pembuatan dodol mangrove (T1, T2 dan T3), sedangkan pada karakteristik rasa dan tekstur tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap T1, T2 dan T3. Kata Kunci: Serbuk Buah Mangrove, Dodol, Orgnoletiptik ABSTRACT Mangrove is one of the plants that live along the coast in Indonesia. The role and function of mangroves for ecosystems is very important, in addition to utilization in the fields of ecology, economy, industry, some communities use mangroves as medicine and food, namely the manufacture of lunkhead and waji. The mangrove fruit used in this study was the Pidada mangrove (Sonneratia sp.). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the composition of mangrove lunkhead (Sonneratia sp.) on organoleptic tests in the coastal area of ​​Klatakan Village, Situbondo Regency. This study is an experimental study and the experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment in this study was carried out with the addition of mangrove flour T1 = no addition (control), T2 = 1 tbsp and T3 = 2 tbsp. Statistical analysis was carried out in 2 stages, namely univariate and bivariate. In this study, univariate analysis was carried out on each variable and then continued with bivariate analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test. . The characteristics of the panelists which will be described below describe the condition of the panelists under study including gender, age and occupation. There were color differences in the 3 treatments for the composition of mangrove lunkhead (T1, T2 and T3), while in taste and texture characteristics there were no significant differences between T1, T2 and T3. Keywords: Mangrove Fruit Powder, Dodol, Orgnoletyptic

Controlled synthesis of tungsten trioxide with globular clusters constructed of nanoplates by rapid breakdown anodization

Herein, the electrochamical synthesis of tungsten trioxide (WO3·H2O) with globular clusters constructed of nanoplates is demonstrated. On applying a breakdown anodization potential of 25 V at 50 °C, tungsten foil anode is efficiently electro-oxidized into WO3 globular clusters constructed of nanoplates powder, instead of a thin film structure as conventional anodization occurs. The resulting globular clusters were characterized using SEM, TEM, and XRD. The effect of the composition of electrolyte on the breakdown anodization of the W substrate is discussed. And we suggest that the growth of the nanoplates is initiated by localized anodic dielectric breakdown, followed by a effectively crystal growth in electrolyte at high breakdown field.

Effects of lower alcohols on nanocomposite particles for inhalation prepared using O/W emulsion

BACKGROUND: Inhalable nanocomposite particles using O/W emulsions were studied. The effect of the composition of the dispersed phase on the nanoparticles in the nanocomposite particles was reported, however, the effect on the inhalation characteristics of nanocomposite particles has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to study the effects of lower alcohols in the dispersed phase of O/W emulsions on inhalable nanocomposite particles. METHODS: Nanocomposite particles were prepared using a spray dryer from O/W emulsion. A mixed solution of dichloromethane and lower alcohols in which rifampicin (RFP) and poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) were dissolved was used as a dispersed phase, and an aqueous solution in which arginine and leucine were dissolved was used as a continuous phase. RESULTS: We succeeded in preparing non-spherical nanocomposite particles with an average diameter of 9.01–10.91 μm. The results of the fine particle fraction (FPF) measurement showed that the higher the hydrophobicity of the lower alcohol mixed in the dispersed phase, the higher the FPF value. The FPF value of the nanocomposite particles was significantly increased by using ethanol and 1-propanol. CONCLUSIONS: The results were revealed that mixing 1-propanol with the dispersed phase increased the amount of RFP delivered to the lungs.

Effect of the Composition of Mixed Recycled Aggregates on Physical–Mechanical Properties

Recycled aggregates (RA) from construction and demolition waste are an alternative to natural aggregates in the construction sector. They are usually classified according to their composition. The main constituent materials are separated into the following categories: unbound natural aggregates, ceramic particles, cementitious particles, bituminous materials, and other materials considered impurities, such as glass, plastic, wood, or gypsum. In this research, a large number of samples of RA were collected from three different recycling plants and their properties were studied. After that, 35 samples were selected randomly, and their RA constituents were separated under laboratory conditions. Cementitious particles were differentiated into two subcategories: masonry mortar and concrete particles. Subsequently, their physical–mechanical properties were measured. The statistical analysis carried out exhibited that the constituents had a statistically significant influence on the physical–mechanical properties studied. Specifically, masonry mortar particles had higher water absorption and worse mechanical properties than concrete and ceramic particles. Secondly, multiple regression models were performed to predict the physical–mechanical properties of RA from their composition since mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) ranged between 0.9% and 8.6%. The differentiation in the subcategories of concrete and masonry mortar particles in compositional testing is useful for predicting the physical–mechanical properties of RA.

Understanding of the Key Factors Determining the Activity and Selectivity of CuZn Catalysts in Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Esters to Alcohols

CuZn catalysts are perspective catalysts for esters hydrogenolysis, but more knowledge is needed to optimize their catalytic performance. In this work, we consider the impact of CuZn catalysts composition on their structure, activity, selectivity, and stability in esters hydrogenolysis. Four catalysts with various Cu/Zn ratio were synthesized by a co-precipitation and characterized in as-prepared, calcined, reduced, and spent state by XRF, XRD, N2 physisorption, CO2-TPD, NH3-TPD, and N2O chemisorption. XRD data revealed the effect of the composition on the size of Cu and ZnO particles. The catalytic performance was investigated using an autoclave. All catalysts exhibited high methyl hexanoate conversion about 48–60% after 3 h but their activity and selectivity were found to be dependent on Cu/Zn ratio. The conversion of methyl hexanoate and hexyl hexanoate was compared to explain the observed product selectivity. Moreover, the catalysts stability was investigated in three consecutive reaction cycles and correlated with changes in the size of constituent particles. Moreover, when different esters were tested, a slight decrease in conversion and increase in alcohol selectivity with a growth in molecule size was observed. Obtained results allow making a conclusion about the optimal composition that provides the good performance of CuZn catalysts in ester hydrogenolysis.

Impact of abrasion on strength, elasticity and elastic recovery properties of stretch-denim fabric

PurposeIn recent times, the usage of elastane-containing denim garments has increased, as it provides fit and comfort both at the same time. The purpose of the study is to understand the effect of abrasion on the durability of comfort related to body movement and shape retention property of the stretch-denim fabric.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates the effect of abrasion on the initial tensile properties, recovery and resilience properties of the stretch-denim fabric. Further, to analyse the effect of the composition of the elastane yarn, three different types of elastane yarns having different types of sheath (covering) fibre, structure and different levels of elastane content have been used in the weft.FindingsThe comfort related to body movement and the shape retention properties of the stretch-denim fabric got affected due to abrasive damage. The elastane yarn composition and structure played an important role in determining the extent of the change in such properties during abrasion. The fabric with a higher level of elastane content suffered a greater loss in shape-retention properties due to abrasion. The extent of mass loss in stretch-denim fabric does not always correlate to the extent of loss in the comfort and shape-retention properties.Originality/valueMost of the earlier studies have investigated the effect of abrasion on the durability aspect of the stretch-denim fabric. In a practical scenario, the stretch-denim garments are rarely discarded due to tearing or change in appearance but mainly due to bagging, i.e. distortion in shape after usage. Thus, the study on the combined effect of the abrasion and cyclic loading on the comfort and shape-retention properties will help to predict the performance of the apparel during usage.

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Sulfur and Boron Distribution between the Slag of the CaO-SiO2-B2O3-MgO-Al2O3 System and the Metal

The equilibrium interfacial distribution of sulfur and boron was estimated using the HSC 6.1 Chemistry software package (Outokumpu) and the simplex-lattice planning method. Adequate mathematical models have been constructed in the form of III degree polynomial, which describe the effect of the composition of the studied oxide system on the equilibrium distribution of sulfur and boron between the slag and the metal. Generalization of the results of experimental studies and thermodynamic modeling made it possible to obtain new data on the influence of the basicity and content of B2O3 in the slag of the CaO-SiO2-B2O3-MgO-Al2O3 system on the interphase distribution of sulfur and boron. It was found that in the range of boron oxide concentration of 1.0-10%, an increase in slag basicity from 2 to 5 at 1600°C leads to an increase in the sulfur distribution coefficient from 1 to 20 and, as a consequence, a decrease in the sulfur content in the metal from 0.02 to 0.0014 %, i.e. an increase in slag basicity favorably affects the development of the metal desulfurization process. An increase in the B2O3 content from 2.0 to 10.0% in slags formed in the region of moderate basicity, not exceeding 2-3, is accompanied at 1600°C by a decrease in the boron interphase distribution coefficient from 450 to 150 and an increase in the boron concentration in the metal from 0.006 to 0.021 %, which indicates the progress of boron reduction from slag to metal. The shift of the formed slags to the area of ​​increased basicity up to 5.0 shows a high degree of boron reduction from slag to metal. The results of the laboratory experiment confirmed the results of thermodynamic modeling.