Estimating meal criteria for meal pattern analysis of dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
B J Tolkamp ◽  
D J Allcroft ◽  
I Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Meal Pattern ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Frequency Curves

Meal pattern analyses depend crucially on appropriate estimates of bout or meal criteria (i.e., the longest non-feeding intervals accepted as part of a meal). Bout criteria are frequently estimated after fitting a ‘broken-stick’ to the un-transformed, the log-transformed, or the log-transformed cumulative (log-survivorship), frequency distribution of between-feeding interval length. We know of no biological justification for fitting a broken stick to the frequency distribution of short intervals between feeding events and can, therefore, not interpret ‘criteria’ obtained that way. The methods that fit a broken-stick to log-survivorship or log-frequency curves are based on the implicit assumption that the probability of an animal initiating a bout is independent of the time since the last bout. Only then will the length of intervals between bouts be distributed as a negative exponential that appears as a straight line after log-transformation. However, the satiety concept predicts that this probability is not constant but increases with time since the last meal.

The distribution of serum transferrin types in dairy cattle and their relationship to milk and butterfat production

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB White ◽  
JC Banfield
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Type A ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gene Frequency Distribution

The serum transferrin type was identified for 1102 dairy cows. The gene frequency distribution among nine herds of predominantly Friesian type cattle was TfA 40.7 per cent, TfD 55.9 per cent, and TfE 5.4 per cent. In one herd of 31 Red Poll cattle the distribution was TfA 32.3 per cent, TfD 33.8 per cent, and TfE 33.8 per cent. There was no significant difference between the observed and expected distribution of the various genotypes. Cows of genotype D/D produced significantly more milk than those of type A/A, but their butterfat test was lower and the average butterfat production of the two groups was identical. There was no significant difference in lactation length.

scholarly journals Kinematic gait characteristics of straight line walk in clinically sound dairy cows

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253479
Author(s):  
M. Tijssen ◽  
F. M. Serra Braganςa ◽  
K. Ask ◽  
M. Rhodin ◽  
P. H. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Distal Limb ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Straight Line

The aim of this study is to describe the kinematic gait characteristics of straight line walk in clinically sound dairy cows using body mounted Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) at multiple anatomical locations. The temporal parameters used are speed and non-speed normalized stance duration, bipedal and tripedal support durations, maximal protraction and retraction angles of the distal limbs and vertical displacement curves of the upper body. Gait analysis was performed by letting 17 dairy cows walk in a straight line at their own chosen pace while equipped with IMU sensors on tubera sacrale, left and right tuber coxae (LTC and RTC), back, withers, head, neck and all four lower limbs. Data intervals with stride by stride regularity were selected based on video data. For temporal parameters, the median was calculated and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated based on linear mixed model (LMM) analysis, while for limb and vertical displacement curves, the median and most typical curves were calculated. The temporal parameters and distal limb angles showed consistent results with low variance and LMM analysis showed non-overlapping CI for all temporal parameters. The distal limb angle curves showed a larger and steeper retraction angle range for the distal front limbs compared with the hind limbs. The vertical displacement curves of the sacrum, withers, LTC and RTC showed a consistent sinusoidal pattern while the head, back and collar curves were less consistent and showed more variation between and within cows. This kinematic description might allow to objectively differentiate between normal and lame gait in the future and determine the best anatomical location for sensor attachment for lameness detection purposes.

scholarly journals The Exponential Integral Frequency Distribution

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-529
Author(s):  
J. B. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Exponential Distribution ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Exponential Integral ◽  
Negative Exponential Distribution ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Image Position

In a recent note, D. A. Lloyd has obtained a formula for the frequency distribution of time dependent errors in terms of the exponential integralThis note clarifies Lloyd's derivations by referring to a theoretically identical, though conceptually different, time-independent, physical model, relates this distribution to one described by Anderson and concludes with a short appreciation of the role of the negative exponential distribution in navigational studies.

Potential pitfalls of crooked‐line seismic reflection surveys

Geophysics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Coherent Noise ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Processing Techniques

During the last few years, the Geological Survey of Canada has pioneered the application of seismic reflection profiling to mineral exploration, in close collaboration with Canadian mining companies and with the Lithoprobe project (e.g., Spencer et al., 1993; Milkereit et al., 1994). Because of the rugged terrain in crystalline rock environments (Dahle et al., 1985; Spencer et al., 1993), vibroseis seismic surveys are frequently conducted along existing roads, resulting in extremely crooked survey profiles. Crooked profiling geometry, coupled with the complex nature of the geological targets, pose special challenges for seismic data processing and interpretation. Many common‐midpoint seismic processing techniques are based on an implicit assumption of a straight‐line survey and are most effective with uniform fold and even offset distribution within common‐midpoint (CMP) gathers. However, with crooked‐line acquisition the CMP gathers are characterized by variable fold and uneven offset distribution. Based on experience with several seismic data sets from mining camps, I have identified two potential pitfalls that stem from acquisition along crooked profiles: (1) seismic transparent zones; and (2) coherent noise. To address these problems, I have critically re‐examined the basic aspects of the CMP processing techniques and have developed robust strategies for dealing with crooked profiles. In this paper, I present a field data example to demonstrate the artifacts and also discuss solutions to eliminate them. Although developed for seismic prospecting in mining camps, the methods presented here are applicable to seismic data acquired in any environment.

Meal Pattern Analysis in Response to Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation in the Rat

2000 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1704-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Harper ◽  
C.A. Kerins ◽  
R. Talwar ◽  
R. Spears ◽  
B. Hutchins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Meal Pattern ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation

scholarly journals Different Representation Procedures Originated from Multivariate Temporal Pattern Analysis of the Behavioral Response to Pain in Wistar Rats Tested in a Hot-Plate under Morphine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casarrubea ◽  
Aiello ◽  
Santangelo ◽  
Di Giovanni ◽  
Crescimanno
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Multivariate Technique ◽  
The One ◽  
Multivariate T

Temporal pattern analysis is an advanced multivariate technique able to investigate the structure of behavior by unveiling the existence of statistically significant constraints among the interval length separating events in sequence. If on the one hand, such an approach allows investigating the behavioral response to pain in its most intimate and inner features, on the other hand, due to the meaning of the studies on pain, it is of relevant importance that the results utilize intuitive and easily comprehensible ways of representation. The aim of this paper is to show various procedures useful to represent the results originating from the multivariate T-pattern analysis of the behavioral response to pain in Wistar rats tested in a hot-plate and IP injected morphine or saline as a control.

scholarly journals Meal pattern analysis in neural-specific proopiomelanocortin-deficient mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 660 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian D. Richard ◽  
Virginie Tolle ◽  
Malcolm J. Low
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Meal Pattern ◽  
Deficient Mice
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