Interactions between ewe and lamb genotype and sucking success in neonatal lambs

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
C. M. Dwyer ◽  
A. B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Neonatal Lambs ◽  
Is Failure

Perinatal lamb mortality remains a major economic and welfare concern in sheep farming with 80-90% of pre-weaning lamb losses occur in the immediate postnatal period (Haughey, 1993). One of the predominant factors in the death of neonatal lambs is failure of ewe-lamb bonding leading to delay or lack of sucking. Successful sucking requires the co-ordinated expression of appropriate behaviour from both the ewe and lamb. Previously we have demonstrated an interaction between ewe and lamb breed in the rate of successful sucking (Dwyer et al., 1996) with Blackface lambs having a higher rate than Suffolk lambs but also a higher rate with Suffolk ewes than with Blackface ewes. In the present study we investigated the role of ewe responses to lamb sucking attempts in determining the sucking success of neonatal lambs.

Interactions between ewe and lamb genotype and sucking success in neonatal lambs

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
C. M. Dwyer ◽  
A. B. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Neonatal Lambs ◽  
Is Failure

Perinatal lamb mortality remains a major economic and welfare concern in sheep farming with 80-90% of pre-weaning lamb losses occur in the immediate postnatal period (Haughey, 1993). One of the predominant factors in the death of neonatal lambs is failure of ewe-lamb bonding leading to delay or lack of sucking. Successful sucking requires the co-ordinated expression of appropriate behaviour from both the ewe and lamb. Previously we have demonstrated an interaction between ewe and lamb breed in the rate of successful sucking (Dwyer et al., 1996) with Blackface lambs having a higher rate than Suffolk lambs but also a higher rate with Suffolk ewes than with Blackface ewes. In the present study we investigated the role of ewe responses to lamb sucking attempts in determining the sucking success of neonatal lambs.

The potential role of stress and sex steroids in heritable effects of sevoflurane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly E Martynyuk ◽  
Ling-Sha Ju ◽  
Timothy E Morey
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Heritable Effects

Abstract Most surgical procedures require general anesthesia, which is a reversible deep sedation state lacking all perception. The induction of this state is possible because of complex molecular and neuronal network actions of general anesthetics (GAs) and other pharmacological agents. Laboratory and clinical studies indicate that the effects of GAs may not be completely reversible upon anesthesia withdrawal. The long-term neurocognitive effects of GAs, especially when administered at the extremes of ages, are an increasingly recognized health concern and the subject of extensive laboratory and clinical research. Initial studies in rodents suggest that the adverse effects of GAs, whose actions involve enhancement of GABA type A receptor activity (GABAergic GAs), can also extend to future unexposed offspring. Importantly, experimental findings show that GABAergic GAs may induce heritable effects when administered from the early postnatal period to at least young adulthood, covering nearly all age groups that may have children after exposure to anesthesia. More studies are needed to understand when and how the clinical use of GAs in a large and growing population of patients can result in lower resilience to diseases in the even larger population of their unexposed offspring. This minireview is focused on the authors’ published results and data in the literature supporting the notion that GABAergic GAs, in particular sevoflurane, may upregulate systemic levels of stress and sex steroids and alter expressions of genes that are essential for the functioning of these steroid systems. The authors hypothesize that stress and sex steroids are involved in the mediation of sex-specific heritable effects of sevoflurane.

scholarly journals Women’s postnatal care based on the Polish and international recommendations

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Czerwińska-Osipiak ◽  
Beata Pięta ◽  
Justyna Kamińska ◽  
Halina Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Risk Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction. The issue of high-risk pregnancy has been widely discussed in the recent years. As a result, many countries have introduced programs to improve perinatal care in order to meet the needs of pregnant women as well as those going into labour. Much less attention was dedicated to health and social circumstances of women in the postpartum period. The World Health Organisation developed a document (WHO Recommendations on Postnatal Care of the Mother and Newborn, 2013) in which it clearly defines recommendations formulated for the professionals who are care providers to the child and the mother after birth. The authors of the report indicate that the postnatal period is crucial for both the mothers and their children, and the lack of proper care given to them may lead to deterioration of their health and even death. According to the code of professional practice, the Polish midwife identifies and determines individuals’ requirements as well as health needs, recognizes nursing difficulties, and, effectively plans and oversees their care. The Polish guideline for the highest standard of medical care during pregnancy, the delivery, the postpartum period and the neonatal care is the Regulation of the Health Minister from 20th September 2012. Aim. This paper collected current and adopted recommendations regarding postpartum care with an emphasis on the significant role of the midwife.

Lung hyaluronan during development: a quantitative and morphological study

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (5) ◽  
pp. H1449-H1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Allen ◽  
E. Gunnar Sedin ◽  
A. Jonzon ◽  
A. F. Wells ◽  
T. C. Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Visceral Pleura ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Neonatal Lung ◽  
Important Constituent ◽  
Migrating Cells

Hyaluronan, an important constituent of developmental interstitium in fetal lungs, mediates cell-to-cell interactions and thereby directs migrating cells. Furthermore, because of the polyionic nature of the molecule, hyaluronan forms open, hydrated matrices that provide channels for migrating cells. This hydrated matrix undergoes contraction before birth. However, continued growth of the lung in the perinatal period requires newly synthesized hyaluronan. This study's purpose was to elucidate the changes in lung hyaluronan concentration and distribution in the perinatal period. We studied rabbits at days -6, -4, -2, -1, 0, +2, and +4 with respect to term, as well as adult rabbits. We found that hyaluronan concentration was highest in the youngest fetuses studied [682 +/- 115 micrograms/g dry wt (means +/- SD)]. However, hyaluronan concentration decreased to 129 +/- 12 micrograms/g dry wt just before birth then returned to 366 +/- 111 micrograms/g dry wt at day +4; these values were similar to adult values. We found hyaluronan staining decreased during late gestation, particularly in the interalveolar region. In the postnatal period, hyaluronan staining increased in the visceral pleura and, to a lesser extent, beneath the epithelium of the bronchioles. Hyaluronan did not reaccumulate in the interalveolar region in the postnatal period. Our data suggest a change in the predominant role of lung hyaluronan during the perinatal period. Before term, hyaluronan facilitates morphogenesis. However, hyaluronan's major role in neonatal lung is most likely in regulation of fluid balance in interstitium.

Bipolar affective disorder in the postnatal period: investigating the role of sleep

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin L C Bilszta ◽  
Denny Meyer ◽  
Anne E Buist
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Postnatal Period

Sex-dependent role of vesicular glutamate transporter 3 in stress-regulation and related anxiety phenotype during the early postnatal period

Stress ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diána Balázsfi ◽  
Lívia Farkas ◽  
Péter Csikota ◽  
Anna Fodor ◽  
Sándor Zsebők ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Early Postnatal Period ◽  
Vesicular Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Stress Regulation

scholarly journals Divergent postnatal development of the carotid body in DBA/2J and A/J strains of mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Kostuk ◽  
Alexander Balbir ◽  
Koichi Fujii ◽  
Akiko Fujioka ◽  
Luis E. Pichard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Distinctive Morphology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cervical Ganglia

We have previously shown that the adult DBA/2J and A/J strains of mice differ in carotid body volume and morphology. The question has arisen whether these differences develop during the prenatal or postnatal period. Investigating morphological development of the carotid body and contributing genes in these mice can provide further understanding of the appropriate formation of the carotid body. We examined the carotid body of these mice from 1 day to 4 wk old for differences in volume, morphology, and gene expression of Gdnf family, Dlx2, Msx2, and Phox2b. The two strains showed divergent morphology starting at 1 wk old. The volume of the carotid body increased from 1 wk up to 2 wk old to the level of 4 wk old in the DBA/2J mice but not in the A/J mice. This corresponds with immunoreactivity of LC3, an autophagy marker, in A/J tissues at 10 days and 2 wk. The differences in gene expression were examined at 1 wk, 10 days, and 2 wk old, because divergent growth occurred during this period. The DBA/2J's carotid body at 1 wk old showed a greater expression of Msx2 than the A/J's carotid body. No other candidate genes showed consistent differences between the ages and strains. The difference was not seen in sympathetic cervical ganglia of 1 wk old, suggesting that the difference is carotid body specific. The current study indicates the critical postnatal period for developing distinctive morphology of the carotid body in these mice. Further studies are required to further elucidate a role of Msx2 and other uninvestigated genes.

Postnatal care

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devoshree Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Care ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common

The role of GPs in providing maternity care has changed dramatically over the past 30 years, with a trend towards declining involvement; however, recent proposals have suggested greater involvement is required. Nevertheless, the GP remains an important point of contact for postnatal advice, and it is the GP who usually carries out the 6-week postnatal maternal check. This article aims to provide an overview of the common types of problems mothers may encounter in the postnatal period and how they can be appropriately managed. It also provides a guide for the topics to be covered during the 6-week postnatal maternal check.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 – prevention and treatment of lactational mastitis

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
A. О. Karapetyan
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Lactational Mastitis ◽  
Scopus Database

Aim of the study: To present an analysis of the literature data on the role of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 in the prevention and treatment of postpartum lactation complications. Materials and methods: literature sources published in the Pubmed, Scopus database were searched. Results: according to randomized clinical studies, the use of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 in the postnatal period by mothers leads to the correction of breast microbiota by reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria and increasing lactic-acid bacteria, reducing the content of inflammatory factors in breast milk. Conclusion: Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 is an effective and safe way to prevent and treat postpartum lactation complications.

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