Adult offspring of high-fat diet-fed dams can have normal glucose tolerance and body composition

Maternal high-fat diet consumption and obesity have been shown to program long-term obesity and lead to impaired glucose tolerance in offspring. Many rodent studies, however, use non-purified, cereal-based diets as the control for purified high-fat diets. In this study, primiparous ICR mice were fed purified control diet (10–11 kcal% from fat of lard or butter origin) and lard (45 or 60 kcal% fat) or butter (32 or 60 kcal% fat)-based high-fat diets for 4 weeks before mating, throughout pregnancy, and for 2 weeks of nursing. Before mating, female mice fed the 32 and 60% butter-based high-fat diets exhibited impaired glucose tolerance but those females fed the lard-based diets showed normal glucose disposal following a glucose challenge. High-fat diet consumption by female mice of all groups decreased lean to fat mass ratios during the 4th week of diet treatment compared with those mice consuming the 10–11% fat diets. All females were bred to male mice and pregnancy and offspring outcomes were monitored. The body weight of pups born to 45% lard-fed dams was significantly increased before weaning, but only female offspring born to 32% butter-fed dams exhibited long-term body weight increases. Offspring glucose tolerance and body composition were measured for at least 1 year. Minimal, if any, differences were observed in the offspring parameters. These results suggest that many variables should be considered when designing future high-fat diet feeding and maternal obesity studies in mice.

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Variations in body weight, food intake and body composition after long-term high-fat diet feeding in C57BL/6J mice

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.20811 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 2147-2155 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

Yongbin Yang ◽

Daniel L. Smith ◽

Karen D. Keating ◽

David B. Allison ◽

Tim R. Nagy

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat

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Glucosamine Enhances Body Weight Gain and Reduces Insulin Response in Mice Fed Chow Diet but Mitigates Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Mice High-Fat Diet

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2014.11.005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 368-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ji-Sun Hwang ◽

Ji-Won Park ◽

Moon-Suk Nam ◽

Hyeongjin Cho ◽

Inn-Oc Han

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Chow Diet ◽

High Fat

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Long-Term Supplementation With Fruits and Vegetables Curbs High-Fat Diet/Obesity-Induced Changes in Body Composition and Favorably Affects Blood T Cell Phenotype in Mice

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab061_010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1126-1126

Author(s):

Weimin Guo ◽

Dayong Wu ◽

Lijun Li ◽

Edwin Ortega ◽

Yankun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

T Cell ◽

Fat Mass ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Cd4 Cells ◽

High Fat ◽

Cell Profile

Abstract Objectives Obesity is associated with impaired immune function. However, impact of obesity on blood T cell profile is not well studied. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and long-term fruits and vegetable (FV) consumption on body composition and blood T cell profile. Methods This is partial report from an ongoing study. A total of 240 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups: low fat control (LF-C) or high-fat control (HF-C) diet alone, or together with 15% of a unique mixture of FV (w/w, equivalent to 7–9 servings F&V/d for human) (LF-FV or HF-FV). The feeding will continue until 50% mortality is reached in one group. Body weight, body composition (using MRI), and blood T cell profile (using FACS) are monitored longitudinally at different time points. The results reported here are those assessed when mice were 7 months old. Results After 7 months of feeding, mice fed HF-C gained more weight compared to those fed LF-C. Mice fed HF-FV or LF-FV diets had significantly reduced weight gain and fat mass, and higher muscle mass compared to those fed HF-C or LF-C diet, respectively. Mice fed HF-C also had significantly lower percentage of blood CD3+, CD4+, and CD8 + T cells compared with the LF-C. FV supplementation prevented HFD-induced decrease in percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ cells. Furthermore, both % CD3+ and CD4+ cells were negatively correlated with body weight (P < 0.001) or percentage of fat mass (P < 0.001), and positively associated with percentage of lean mass (P < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that consuming large amounts of a unique mixture of F&V curbs HFD-induced body weight gain, reduces fat mass, and favorably affects blood T cell population. Ongoing studies will assess these analytes when mice are 16 months old, and again when one group reaches 50% mortality, and determine their correlations with functional measures of T cell response, host resistance to infection, health span, and mortality. Funding Sources This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (ARS), under Agreement No. 58–1950-4–004.

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Consumption of low-carbohydrate/high fat diets impairs glucose tolerance in rats independent of changes in body composition

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.32.p741 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Maximilian Bielohuby ◽

Ayse Zengin ◽

Amon Horngacher ◽

Sarina Meurer ◽

Martin Bidlingmaier

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

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Long term effects of normal calcium–high fat diets on body composition and bone mass, in rats

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2009.08.047 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. S157

Author(s):

E. Hernández ◽

C. Suarez ◽

A. Ferreira Monteiro ◽

P. Rodriguez ◽

M. Gonzáles-Chaves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

High Fat ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets ◽

Normal Calcium

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Low-carbohydrate high-fat diets in combination with daily exercise in rats: Effects on body weight regulation, body composition and exercise capacity

Physiology & Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.02.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 106 (2) ◽

pp. 185-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Samantha J. Caton ◽

Maximilian Bielohuby ◽

Yinglong Bai ◽

Lothar J. Spangler ◽

Lukas Burget ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Weight Regulation ◽

Body Weight Regulation ◽

High Fat ◽

Daily Exercise ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

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High fat-fed GPR55 null mice display impaired glucose tolerance without concomitant changes in energy balance or insulin sensitivity but are less responsive to the effects of the cannabinoids rimonabant or Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin on weight gain

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9811 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9811

Author(s):

Edward T. Wargent ◽

Malgorzata Kepczynska ◽

Mohamed Sghaier Zaibi ◽

David C. Hislop ◽

Jonathan R.S. Arch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Wild Type ◽

High Fat ◽

Insulin Tolerance

Background The insulin-sensitizing phytocannabinoid, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) can signal partly via G-protein coupled receptor-55 (GPR55 behaving as either an agonist or an antagonist depending on the assay). The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) inverse agonist rimonabant is also a GPR55 agonist under some conditions. Previous studies have shown varied effects of deletion of GPR55 on energy balance and glucose homeostasis in mice. The contribution of signalling via GPR55 to the metabolic effects of THCV and rimonabant has been little studied. Methods In a preliminary experiment, energy balance and glucose homeostasis were studied in GPR55 knockout and wild-type mice fed on both standard chow (to 20 weeks of age) and high fat diets (from 6 to 15 weeks of age). In the main experiment, all mice were fed on the high fat diet (from 6 to 14 weeks of age). In addition to replicating the preliminary experiment, the effects of once daily administration of THCV (15 mg kg−1 po) and rimonabant (10 mg kg−1 po) were compared in the two genotypes. Results There was no effect of genotype on absolute body weight or weight gain, body composition measured by either dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), fat pad weights, food intake, energy expenditure, locomotor activity, glucose tolerance or insulin tolerance in mice fed on chow. When the mice were fed a high fat diet, there was again no effect of genotype on these various aspects of energy balance. However, in both experiments, glucose tolerance was worse in the knockout than the wild-type mice. Genotype did not affect insulin tolerance in either experiment. Weight loss in rimonabant- and THCV-treated mice was lower in knockout than in wild-type mice, but surprisingly there was no detectable effect of genotype on the effects of the drugs on any aspect of glucose homeostasis after taking into account the effect of genotype in vehicle-treated mice. Conclusions Our two experiments differ from those reported by others in finding impaired glucose tolerance in GPR55 knockout mice in the absence of any effect on body weight, body composition, locomotor activity or energy expenditure. Nor could we detect any effect of genotype on insulin tolerance, so the possibility that GPR55 regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion merits further investigation. By contrast with the genotype effect in untreated mice, we found that THCV and rimonabant reduced weight gain, and this effect was in part mediated by GPR55.

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Differential sensitivity of chronic high-fat-diet-induced obesity in Sprague-Dawley rats

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 553-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shakthi R.K. Devan ◽

Surendar Arumugam ◽

Ganesh Shankar ◽

Suresh Poosala

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Differential Sensitivity ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Fat ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of obesity is reported to be increasing owing to the high intake of dietary fat and is a predisposing risk factor with associated complex metabolic syndromes in the human population. Preclinical rodent models play a pivotal role in understanding the pathogenesis of obesity and development of new treatment strategies for humans. High-fat-diet (HFD)-induced rodents are used for chronic obesity models owing to their quick adaptation to high-fat diets and rapid body weight gain and different rats (Wistar Sprague-Dawley and Lewis) have been used by various researchers. However, the selection of appropriate stock contributes to the translation of clinically linked disease phenotypes to preclinical animal models.MethodsThe study was conducted using two commonly used rat stocks Hsd:Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Crl:Charles River (CD) to develop a chronic high-fat-diet-induced obesity model (DIO) to explore the underlying mechanisms of obesity and its utilization in drug discovery and development during preclinical stages. In addition two high-fat diets of different composition were evaluated (D12327; 40% kcal fat and D12492; 60% kcal fat) for their potential to induce obesity using these two stocks.ResultsA differential sensitivity to HFD was observed in body weight gain fat mass composition and obesity-linked symptoms such as impaired glucose tolerance insulin and leptin levels. The comparative research findings of Hsd:SD and Crl:CD rat stocks suggested that Crl:CD rats are more prone to diet-induced obesity and its associated complications.ConclusionsCrl:CD rats were found to be a suitable model for obesity over Hsd:SD when considering the important hallmarks of metabolic disorders that may be utilized for obesity-related research.

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