Impaired glucose tolerance with low-carb/high fat diets occurs independent of increased fat mass in rats

Maternal high-fat diet consumption and obesity have been shown to program long-term obesity and lead to impaired glucose tolerance in offspring. Many rodent studies, however, use non-purified, cereal-based diets as the control for purified high-fat diets. In this study, primiparous ICR mice were fed purified control diet (10–11 kcal% from fat of lard or butter origin) and lard (45 or 60 kcal% fat) or butter (32 or 60 kcal% fat)-based high-fat diets for 4 weeks before mating, throughout pregnancy, and for 2 weeks of nursing. Before mating, female mice fed the 32 and 60% butter-based high-fat diets exhibited impaired glucose tolerance but those females fed the lard-based diets showed normal glucose disposal following a glucose challenge. High-fat diet consumption by female mice of all groups decreased lean to fat mass ratios during the 4th week of diet treatment compared with those mice consuming the 10–11% fat diets. All females were bred to male mice and pregnancy and offspring outcomes were monitored. The body weight of pups born to 45% lard-fed dams was significantly increased before weaning, but only female offspring born to 32% butter-fed dams exhibited long-term body weight increases. Offspring glucose tolerance and body composition were measured for at least 1 year. Minimal, if any, differences were observed in the offspring parameters. These results suggest that many variables should be considered when designing future high-fat diet feeding and maternal obesity studies in mice.

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Dietary modulation of body composition and insulin sensitivity during catch-up growth in rats: effects of oils rich in n-6 or n-3 PUFA

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510005659 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 105 (12) ◽

pp. 1750-1763 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gayathri Yepuri ◽

Helena Marcelino ◽

Yasaman Shahkhalili ◽

Olivier Aprikian ◽

Katherine Macé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

High Fat ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Catch Up ◽

Fat Diets ◽

The Impact

The present study investigates whether excessive fat accumulation and hyperinsulinaemia during catch-up growth on high-fat diets are altered by n-6 and n-3 PUFA derived from oils rich in either linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA) or DHA. It has been shown that, compared with food-restricted rats refed a high-fat (lard) diet low in PUFA, those refed isoenergetically on diets enriched in LA or ALA, independently of the n-6:n-3 ratio, show improved insulin sensitivity, lower fat mass and higher lean mass, the magnitude of which is related to the proportion of total PUFA precursors (LA+ALA) consumed. These relationships are best fitted by quadratic regression models (r2>0·8, P < 0·001), with threshold values for an impact on body composition corresponding to PUFA precursors contributing 25–30 % of energy intake. Isoenergetic refeeding on high-fat diets enriched in AA or DHA also led to improved body composition, with increases in lean mass as predicted by the quadratic model for PUFA precursors, but decreases in fat mass, which are disproportionately greater than predicted values; insulin sensitivity, however, was not improved. These findings pertaining to the impact of dietary intake of PUFA precursors (LA and ALA) and their elongated–desaturated products (AA and DHA), on body composition and insulin sensitivity, provide important insights into the search for diets aimed at counteracting the pathophysiological consequences of catch-up growth. In particular, diets enriched in essential fatty acids (LA and/or ALA) markedly improve insulin sensitivity and composition of weight regained, independently of the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio.

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Consumption of low-carbohydrate/high fat diets impairs glucose tolerance in rats independent of changes in body composition

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.32.p741 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Maximilian Bielohuby ◽

Ayse Zengin ◽

Amon Horngacher ◽

Sarina Meurer ◽

Martin Bidlingmaier

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

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Effects of low-stearate palm oil and high-stearate lard high-fat diets on rat liver lipid metabolism and glucose tolerance

Nutrition & Metabolism ◽

10.1186/s12986-015-0053-y ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sharon Janssens ◽

Mattijs M. Heemskerk ◽

Sjoerd A. van den Berg ◽

Natal A. van Riel ◽

Klaas Nicolay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

High Fat ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Liver Lipid Metabolism ◽

Fat Diets

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Dietary abscisic acid ameliorates glucose tolerance and obesity-related inflammation in db/db mice fed high-fat diets

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2006.07.008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 107-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

Amir J. Guri ◽

Raquel Hontecillas ◽

Hongwei Si ◽

Dongmin Liu ◽

Josep Bassaganya-Riera

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

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Non-Fasting Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII:C) Increased by High-Fat Diet

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1642518 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 71 (06) ◽

pp. 755-758 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

E M Bladbjerg ◽

P Marckmann ◽

B Sandström ◽

J Jespersen

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Fat Content ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Amidolytic Activity ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Coagulant Activity ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

SummaryPreliminary observations have suggested that non-fasting factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) may be related to the dietary fat content. To confirm this, we performed a randomised cross-over study. Seventeen young volunteers were served 2 controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat content (20% or 50% of energy). The 2 diets were served on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at 8.00 h, 16.30 h and 19.30 h, and analysed for triglycerides, FVII coagulant activity using human (FVII:C) or bovine thromboplastin (FVII:Bt), and FVII amidolytic activity (FVIPAm). The ratio FVII:Bt/FVII:Am (a measure of FVII activation) increased from fasting levels on both diets, but most markedly on the high-fat diet. In contrast, FVII: Am (a measure of FVII protein) tended to decrease from fasting levels on both diets. FVII:C rose from fasting levels on the high-fat diet, but not on the low-fat diet. The findings suggest that high-fat diets increase non-fasting FVII:C, and consequently may be associated with increased risk of thrombosis.

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