Comprehensive or BIT by BIT: The ACIA and Indonesia's BITs

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-45
Author(s):  
Junianto James LOSARI
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Investment Treaties ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Investment Agreement ◽  
Investment Treaties ◽  
Asean Economic Community

The entry into force of the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA) in 2012 brought ASEAN closer towards the realization of the ASEAN Economic Community by 2015. Nonetheless, a new concern arises regarding the fate of twenty-six Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) that exist among the ASEAN governments. This may raise confusion for the ASEAN governments regarding the applicable standards of investment protection to grant investors. Indonesia was chosen as a case-study because its Investment Coordinating Board recognizes the importance of understanding Indonesia's obligations under the BITs within the context of the ACIA regime, and is in the midst of reviewing its BITs. This paper seeks to provide a better understanding of the interactions between and among these agreements to ensure that the ASEAN governments’ policies comply with their legal obligations. It also provides recommendations on how they could streamline the standards and work towards a single regime of investment protection.

Iranian Bilateral Investment Treaties: Substantive Principles and Standards

2013 ◽  
pp. 397-433
Author(s):  
Ardeshir Atai
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Bilateral Investment Treaties ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Investment Treaties ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
First Time

There are more than 3000 bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in force. BITs are designed to facilitate foreign direct investment (FDI) and developing countries negotiate them as a strategy to attract FDI. BITs contain common denominators of free admission, fair treatment, non-expropriation and dispute resolution procedure which are the core components of an investment friendly regime. This article makes a proposition that even if a location does not have an ideal FDI legal system in conformity with the Perry-Kessaris Paradigm, it may still be attractive for foreign investment if there are BITs containing the substantive investment protection standards. The author refers to Iran as a case study which has signed more than 50 BITs with capital exporting and neighbouring countries to promote capital flows. Iran is a resource-rich country and its economy depends on foreign exchange revenues from petroleum exports. Therefore to attract FDI flows in the energy sector it should develop a legal framework that is investor friendly. BITs contain the blueprint for reforming FDI legal system to develop an investment friendly regime. This article for the first time provides a comprehensive review of Iranian BITs.

The ASEAN Economic Community 2015: a case study of challenges in Thai higher education

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paipan Thanalerdsopit ◽  
Komsak Meksamoot ◽  
Nopasit Chakpitak ◽  
Pitipong Yodmongkol ◽  
Anchalee Jengjarern
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Asean Economic Community

scholarly journals PERSEPSI MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI TERHADAP PEMBERLAKUAN ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Nashihatun Nafidah
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
College Education ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asean Economic Community

AbstractAsean Economic Community (AEC) will soon be opened, ASEAN countries have signed the treaty. This is a golden opportunity for every country that has prepared well, but also will be pain for countries that do not or less to prepare for such cooperation. If the AEC materialize in 2015, it is certain that will open employment opportunities as possible for citizens of ASEAN. For Indonesia, the competency of the workforce is generally derived from the development of special skills in a particular field through a college education. This study aims to determine students' knowledge of accounting STIE PGRI Dewantara Jombang against imposing AEC and its implications as well as their readiness in the face of AEC. This type of research used in this research is qualitative research using case study approach with descriptive method using primary data obtained through questionnaires. Respondents in this study are students of accounting STIE PGRI Dewantara Jombang. The survey results revealed mostly already know about the implementation of the Asean Economic Community (AEC), but they do not know the consequences of the implementation of the AEC.Keywords: Student Perceptions, Economic Integration, Employment & Ecomonic Asean Community (AEC AbstrakAsean Economic Community (AEC) akan segera dibuka, negara-negara ASEAN telah menandatangani perjanjian tersebut. Hal ini merupakan kesempatan emas bagi setiap negara yang telah mempersiapkan diri dengan baik, namun juga bakal menjadi derita bagi negara-negara yang tidak kunjung atau kurang mempersiapkan diri menghadapi kerjasama tersebut. Apabila AEC terwujud pada tahun 2015, maka dapat dipastikan akan terbuka kesempatan kerja seluas-luasnya bagi warga negara ASEAN. Bagi Indonesia, kompetensi yang dimiliki para tenaga kerja umumnya diperoleh dari pengembangan kemampuan khusus dalam bidang tertentu melalui pendidikan di perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan mahasiswa akuntansi STIE PGRI Dewantara Jombang terhadap pemberlakuan AEC dan implikasinya serta kesiapan mereka dalam menghadapi AEC. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini penelitian kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dengan metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Responden dalam penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa program studi akuntansi STIE PGRI Dewantara Jombang. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui sebagian besar sudah mengetahui tentang pemberlakuan Asean Economic Community (AEC) akan tetapi mereka belum mengetahui konsekuensi dari pemberlakuan AEC.Keywords : Persepsi Mahasiswa, Integrasi Ekonomi, Kesempatan Kerja & Asean Ecomonic Community (AEC)

scholarly journals MENGUNGKAP REALITAS DENGAN PROYEK SENI SEBAGAI METODE PENCIPTAAN KARYA DALAM MEA

INVENSI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-127
Author(s):  
Octalyna Puspa Wardany
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aesthetic Values

The implementation acceleration of ASEAN Economic Community from 2020 to be 2015 is not only impacted on economic and politic. It also brings the impact on the freedom of cultural flow. This situation then need the method and tool to creating arts which enable the artists and the actors in arts to works in other countries or places within ASEAN scope which material is the community reality as fusion form between social and cultural (in this term is arts) and also possible with other fields. Through this paper, the researcher would like to propose a method of creating artworks that is the art project which reveals the reality in community as an effort to contribute in advance and develop Indonesia arts world and unearth the arts in terms of ideas of working, creating process, and artworks. This research method is case study of Tentang Hutan Art Project of gerimisUngu Production by reference review, field research and empirical experience, observation, and interview. Based on this case, it found that (1) The Art Project is a method of creating artworks which based on currently reality in the community that is already examined using scientific research; (2) The Art Project is able to be implemented at any location, including MEA context and for any type of arts; (3) The Art Project is enable arts including their artworks become unity with the live; (4) The Art Project does not abandon the aesthetic values as the content of the artworks.

scholarly journals Ending International Investment Agreements: Russia's Withdrawal from Participation in the Energy Charter Treaty

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Voon ◽  
Andrew D. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
International Investment Agreements ◽  
Energy Charter Treaty ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Investment Treaties ◽  
Process Energy ◽  
Investment Agreements

When states withdraw from bilateral investment treaties or denounce multilateral treaties related to foreign investment, a range of intersecting questions arise in domestic and international law. Recent developments have demonstrated potential incongruities between domestic and international approaches to investment protection, including as regards the effectiveness of withdrawal and the implications for existing investments. This essay reflects on international and domestic disputes involving the withdrawal of the Russian Federation from participation in the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) to highlight these interactions. These issues have become particularly pertinent today because more than 1,500 international investment agreements (IIAs) are nearing expiry of their initial term, providing an opportunity for termination. Moreover, some states have begun to terminate or denounce investment treaties, while many more are engaging in a process of renegotiation and reform. The Russian case study also highlights the potentially far-reaching effects of a state simply signing a treaty, even many years after the state has expressed its decision to withdraw from it, and notwithstanding tensions with the domestic legal framework.

scholarly journals CONVERGENCE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX: CASE STUDY OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ASEAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
M. Elfan Kaukab ◽  
Surwandono Surwandon
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Source Country ◽  
Income Convergence ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Asean Economic Community

This article examines the role of bilateral FDI and income convergence in affecting HDI increase in countries with middle HDI in ASEAN. The ASEAN Economic Community has been developing and it is expected that the gaps between nations can be covered. This article explores how economic intervention through HDI and income convergence can boost HDI improvement. The writers examine the presence of a statistically significant causal relationship between source country’s GDP, home country’s GDP, source country’s FDI towards the home country, source country total FDI, home country total FDI, and the percentage of source country FDI towards source country total FDI with both countries HDI convergence. Measurement is carried out using the generalized method of moments. Based on yearly samples of high HDI countries (Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore) couple with medium HDI countries (Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia, and Philippine) during 2013–2017 period, the writers find statistically significant impact of home country GDP, source country FDI towards all countries, and FDI percentage of the home country compared to all countries.

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