The Upper Devonian fish locality of Miguasha, Quebec, Canada

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 262-262
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Schultze
Keyword(s):  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Lower Upper ◽  
Plant Fossils ◽  
Marine Deposits ◽  
Dermal Bone ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
The Baltic

At Miguasha, Québec (earlier referred to as Scaumenac Bay), the Escuminac Formation, lowermost Upper Devonian, yields an abundant and diverse fish fauna and flora. Both vertebrates and plant fossils from the locality are reknowned throughout the world. The excellent preservation, including that of endocranial anatomy, enabled Jarvik to describe and illustrate fine anatomical details of the osteolepiform Eusthenopteron. That gives the wrong impression that Miguasha is throughout the Escuminac Formation an outstanding Conservat Fossil-Lagerstätte.The cliffs at Miguasha bear fishes throughout the approximately 120 m thick Escuminac Formation. The lithology of the sediments changes throughout the sequence. Close to the base of the formation, acanthodians and anaspid-like agnathans occur in laminites, sometimes hundreds on one horizon. In these laminites, soft tissue preservation may occur (anapsid-like agnathans), and diagenetic transformations of acanthodians into organic substance led to misinterprations and recognition of the “larval chordate Scaumenella.” Most common within the sequence are limy concretions with different fish fossils, most commonly Bothriolepis. Three-dimensionally preserved fishes occur within the sandstone-siltstones and sometimes within the concretions. In all these cases, dermal bone is preserved, and in few cases chondral bone too, as in Eusthenopteron. One can characterize these fossiliferous sections of the Escuminac Formation as Concentration Fossil-Lagerstätte, whereas the laminites are Conservat Fossil-Lagerstätten.The depositional environment was previously interpreted as an intermontaneous basin, based on tectonic and paleogeographic position. More recent paleogeographic reconstructions show a connection with Scottish deposits and to marine deposits in the present day North Sea. The lack of invertebrates and of marine plant remains, and the occurrence of vertebrates in other localities were used as additional indicators for freshwater deposition.The sedimentological features are ambiguous, the turbidites, such as those found at Miguasha, can occur in marine or large freshwater bodies. Conchostracans occur, sometimes in the thousands on a single plane, in the basal part of the Escuminac Formation. They occur today in freshwater or brackish environments; the same species as the one in the Escuminac Formation is reported from lower Upper Devonian marine deposits in the Baltic (Koknese, Latvia). A detailed comparison of the fish fauna with other lower Upper Devonian fish faunas indicates a coastal marine environment. That is supported by rare trace fossils and by different chemical analyses of the sediments and 87S/86S analysis of Bothriolepis bones.In conclusion, earlier interpretations of the paleogeographic position of the Escuminac Formation at Miguasha and chemical and faunal indicators contradict each other in the interpretation of the paleoenvironment of the formation.

Nouvelles observations sur l'environnement sédimentaire de la Formation d'Escuminac (Dévonien supérieur, Frasnien), Québec, Canada

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Vézina
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Coastal Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Geochemical Study ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
New Evidence

The comparison of certain genera representative of the ichthyofauna of the Escuminac Formation (Quebec, Canada) with those coming from contemporaneous deposits (Upper Devonian, Frasnian) located in the Baltic countries (U.S.S.R.), Western Australia, Nevada (U.S.A.), and Germany provides new evidence against a lacustrine origin of the Escuminac Formation. It is suggested that the Escuminac Formation was deposited in a coastal marine environment. This hypothesis is supported by results of a geochemical study.

Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone and Systemic Boundaries Blossburg, Pennsylvania 1830-1900

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Leviton ◽  
Michele Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Boundary Problems ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Floodplain Sediments

During the Late Devonian, in what is now northcentral Pennsylvania, slow moving streams meandered across the plain of the "Catskill" Delta. A varied fish fauna lived in these streams, and their remains are entombed in the ancient stream channel and floodplain sediments. In the 1830's, English railroad engineer Richard Cowling Taylor visited the coal mining community of Blossburg and remarked on the analogy between the Old Red Sandstone of England and that found near Blossburg. Not long afterwards, James Hall (1811-1898), best known for his work on Paleozoic invertebrates of New York, also visited Blossburg to clear up vexing boundary problems in the New York formations. He obtained fish scales from the red sandstones, many of which he identified as scales of Holoptychus nobilissimus, a crossopterygian fish described by Louis Agassiz in 1839. In his annual report for 1839 to the New York Legislature, Hall also took note of some large scales, which were unlike any previously described. Under pressure from the Governor, Hall, like the other survey scientists, had to submit timely reports even if studies were incomplete, and he hurriedly described the new scales, referring them to a new genus and species, Sauritolepis taylori. In his final survey report (1843). Hall dealt more fully with the new fish, renaming it Sauripteris taylori based on the fin structure, the significance of which he had not earlier recognized. The Blossburg fishes did not languish in obscurity; James DeKay referred to them in his checklist of fishes of New York, as did Charles Lyell in his 1845 Travels in North America. In 1890 John Strong Newberry placed the fish fossils in the Lower Carboniferous; he also described several new species. Hall's handling of the fossil fish he had before him and, indeed, the reasons for entering Pennsylvania in the first place, are emblematic of the way much science was practiced in the first half of the 19th century. Further, recent field work in the Blossburg area shows Hall's astuteness as a field geologist for he correctly placed the fish in the Upper Devonian, although in this region the Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous boundary is not well defined.

Review of the Devonian camerate crinoid Bogotacrinus scheibei Schmidt from Colombia

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Mcintosh
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Appalachian Basin ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
Early Devonian ◽  
Lower Upper

Two recently collected specimens of Bogotacrinus scheibei Schmidt, 1937, from the Devonian (Emsian–Eifelian) Floresta Formation of Colombia reveal that Bogotacrinus is a dicyclic camerate crinoid genus closely related to Pterinocrinus Goldring, 1923 (Lower–Upper Devonian of eastern North America and western Europe), and Ampurocrinus McIntosh, 1981 (Lower Devonian of Bolivia). The new diplobathrid camerate crinoid family Pterinocrinidae, characterized by species with low conical dicyclic cups and rami composed of compound, bipinnulate brachials, is herein proposed to accommodate these three genera. This family originated in western Europe and migrated into the Malvinokaffric and southern Eastern Americas Realms during the Early Devonian and into the northeastern Appalachian Basin by the Late Devonian.

scholarly journals Freshwater fishes of Orissa, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Havagiappa Sharnappa Mogalekar ◽  
Johnson Canciyal
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Sport Fishery ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Threat Status ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
Baseline Information

Varied freshwater resources of Orissa blessed with diverse fish fauna. In total, 186 species of fishes belonging to 11 orders, 33 families and 96 genera were recorded from various freshwater bodies of Orissa. Cypriniformes was the most dominant order and Cyprinidae was diverse family. The trophic level of fishes of Orissa ranged from 2.0 to 4.5 containing 62.41% of carnivorous species. Fishery status revealed existence of 120 species worth for capture fishery, 101 species worth for ornamental fishery, 37 species worth for culture fishery and 25 species worth for sport fishery. Threat status comprises of one Critically Endangered species, five Endangered species, three Vulnerable species and remaining 177 species were Not Threatened. The findings of present communication may serve as baseline information for planning, conservation and management of fish and fisheries resources of Orissa.

A strong interaction theory for the creeping motion of a sphere between plane parallel boundaries. Part 1. Perpendicular motion

1980 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ganatos ◽  
Sheldon Weinbaum ◽  
Robert Pfeffer
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Creeping Flow ◽  
Transverse Motion ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Plane Parallel ◽  
True Value ◽  
Method Of Solution ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Creeping Motion

This paper presents the first ‘exact’ solutions to the creeping-flow equations for the transverse motion of a sphere of arbitrary size and position between two plane parallel walls. Previous solutions to this classical Stokes flow problem (Ho & Leal 1974) were limited to a sphere whose diameter is small compared with the distance of the closest approach to either boundary. The accuracy and convergence of the present method of solution are tested by detailed comparison with the exact bipolar co-ordinate solutions of Brenner (1961) for the drag on a sphere translating perpendicular to a single plane wall. The converged series collocation solutions obtained in the presence of two walls show that for the best case where the sphere is equidistant from each boundary the drag on the sphere predicted by Ho & Leal (1974), using a first-order reflexion theory, is 40 per cent below the true value when the walls are spaced two sphere diameters apart and is one order-of-magnitude lower at a spacing of 1.1 diameters.

Evolution of developmental potential and the multiple independent origins of leaves in Paleozoic vascular plants

Paleobiology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kevin Boyce ◽  
Andrew H. Knoll
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Strong Constraint ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Plant Fossils ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Leaf Evolution

Four vascular plant lineages, the ferns, sphenopsids, progymnosperms, and seed plants, evolved laminated leaves in the Paleozoic. A principal coordinate analysis of 641 leaf species from North American and European floras ranging in age from Middle Devonian through the end of the Permian shows that the clades followed parallel trajectories of evolution: each clade exhibits rapid radiation of leaf morphologies from simple (and similar) forms in the Late Devonian/Early Carboniferous to diverse, differentiated leaf forms, with strong constraint on further diversification beginning in the mid Carboniferous. Similar morphospace trajectories have been documented in studies of morphological evolution in animals; however, plant fossils present unique opportunities for understanding the developmental processes that underlie such patterns. Detailed comparison of venation in Paleozoic leaves with that of modern leaves for which developmental mechanisms are known suggests developmental interpretations for the origination and early evolution of leaves. The parallel evolution of a marginal meristem by the modification of developmental mechanisms available in the common ancestor of all groups resulted in the pattern of leaf evolution repeated by each clade. Early steps of leaf evolution were followed by constraint on further diversification as the possible elaborations of marginal growth were exhausted. Hypotheses of development in Paleozoic leaves can be tested by the study of living plants with analogous leaf morphologies.

Physical and Biological Conditions in the North Sea

1896 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-263
Author(s):  
J. T. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
The North ◽  
Interesting Paper ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Baltic

IN my report, in the preceding number of this Journal, on my observations in the North Sea, I referred briefly to the problem of the relation between the physical and biological conditions. This problem will afford scope for investigation for some time to come, and the purpose of the present article is to discuss and compare some of the most recent additions to our knowledge of the matter. The paper by Mr. H. N. Dickson, to which I referred in my previous report, was published in the Geographical Journal last March, under the title of “The Movements of the Surface Waters of the North Sea,” and in the Scottish Geographical Journal, in 1894, was published a series of papers by Professor Pettersson on “Swedish Hydrographic Research in the Baltic and the North Seas.” Professor Heincke has discussed the fish fauna of Heligoland, its composition and sources, in an interesting paper in the series issued under the title of “Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen,” by the staff of the Biological Station at Heligoland, in association with the Commission for the Investigation of the German Seas, at Kiel. Professor Heincke's paper is contained in Bnd. I., Hft. 1 of this series (1894), and in the same volume are a number of papers dealing on similar lines with other divisions of the marine fauna of the Heligoland Bight.It will be most convenient and logical to start the present discussion with a consideration of the results of Professor Pettersson's work. He found that the Skagerack and Cattegat were filled with layers of water distinguished from one another by differences of salinity, and that the lower layers entered the channel as under–currents, and could be recognised at the surface somewhere in the North Sea.

scholarly journals Sarcopterygian and other Fishes from the Marine Upper Devonian of Colorado, U.S.A.

Fossil Record ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-P. Schultze ◽  
J. Chorn
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
Skull Roof ◽  
Coastal Marine

The fish fauna of Upper Devonian deposits of SW Colorado is described and compared with those of Central Colorado. The osteolepidid Litoptychus is redescribed including skull roof, cheek, palatoquadrate, cleithrum and postcranial elements. A second osteolepidid with cosmine-covered scales and bones is recognized in the Upper Devonian deposits of Colorado. A skull roof and a parasphenoid formerly attributed to Litoptychus, and a pterygoid, cleithrum, ribs and scales are assigned to dipnoans, partly to long-snouted dipnoans cf. Soederberghia. Comparison of the Late Devonian fish fauna of Colorado with that of Arizona places the fishes of Colorado into a coastal marine depositional environment. <br><br> Die oberdevonische Fischfauna von SW Colorado ist beschrieben und mit der von Zentral-Colorado verglichen. Die osteolepidide Gattung Litoptychus ist neu beschrieben einschließlich Schädeldach, Wangenreigion, Palatoquadratum, Cleithrum und postkranialer Elemente und diagnostiziert. Ein zweiter Osteolepidide mit Kosmin bedeckten Schuppen und Knochen wird von Litoptychus (ohne Kosmin) abgetrennt. Ein Schädeldach und ein Paraschenoid, die früher zu Litoptychus gestellt wurden, und ein Pterygoid, ein Cleithrum, Rippen und Schuppen werden zu Lungenfischen gestellt, z. T. zu langschnauzigen Lungenfischen cf. soederberghia. — Der Vergleich der spätdevonischen Fischfauna von Colorado mit der von Arizona deutet auf eine küstennahe marine Lebenswelt der Colorado-Fische hin. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.19980010104" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.19980010104</a>

scholarly journals The first Peruvian record of Enchodus (Actinopterygii, Aulopiformes, Enchodontidae) in the Upper Cretaceous Vivian Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Soledad Gouiric-Cavalli ◽  
Alberto L. Cione ◽  
David E. Tineo ◽  
Leandro M. Pérez ◽  
Martín Iribarne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
Marine Deposits ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Taxonomic Assignments

We describe isolated teleostean teeth found in no association with the jaw bone. The specimens have been recovered in Late Cretaceous marine deposits of the Vivian Formation in the Peruvian Sub-Andean Region. The deposition sequence from where the teeth come is interpreted as a shallowing-upward sequence of low salinity. The fish material is identified as Enchodus aff. E. gladiolus based on the presence of a small but well-developed post-apical barb, an anterior cutting edge, the crown is symmetrical in cross-section, have a sigmoidal profile, and bears strong ridges (=striations). The Peruvian material differs from the typical E. gladiolus teeth in having a faintly serrated anterior cutting edge which is absent in most specimens referred to E. gladiolus. We also highlight that taxonomic assignments made based on isolated teeth must be taken with care. Despite scarce, the material recovered denotes that the marine units of Peru can give valuable information about the Pacific fish fauna during the Late Cretaceous.

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