The Short and the Tall: Comparing Stature and Socioeconomic Status for Male Prison and Military Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-483
Author(s):  
Kris Inwood ◽  
Rebecca Kippen ◽  
Hamish Maxwell-Stewart ◽  
Richard Steckel
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Military Recruits ◽  
Military Populations ◽  
Birth Records ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
Height Data

ABSTRACTOver the last four decades, historians and social scientists have become increasingly interested in the way in which information about stature might be used to explore the impact of environmental factors on the physical growth and well-being of past populations. A particular problem encountered by many researchers is that height data is only available for selected populations, typically military recruits or those admitted to correctional institutions. Evidence from Australian military and prison records demonstrate how the two social groups, soldiers and prisoners, differed from each other and from the wider population in terms of age, birthplace, occupation, and stature. Different patterns of observable characteristics conceal additional differences in intergenerational experience. We trace male prisoners and soldiers born between 1870 and 1899 in Tasmania to their birth records and thence to the marriages of their parents. This allows us to contrast social and occupational change from father to son for both prisoners and soldiers. We conclude that evidence arising from these institutionalized populations can be used to estimate wider societal trends, although caution needs to be exercised.

scholarly journals Height of Male Prisoners in Santiago de Chile during the Nitrate Era: The Penalty of being Unskilled, Illiterate, Illegitimate and Mapuche

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6261
Author(s):  
Manuel Llorca-Jaña ◽  
Javier Rivas ◽  
Damian Clarke ◽  
Diego Barría Traverso
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Northern European ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Inmates ◽  
University Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male Prisoners

This article contributes to the study of inequality in the biological welfare of Chile’s adult population during the nitrate era, ca. 1880s–1930s, and in particular focuses on the impact of socioeconomic variables on height, making use of a sample of over 20,000 male inmates of the capital’s main jail. It shows that inmates with a university degree were taller than the rest; that those born legitimate were taller in adulthood; that those (Chilean born) whose surnames were Northern European were also taller than the rest, and in particular than those with Mapuche background; and that those able to read and write were also taller than illiterate inmates. Conditional regression analysis, examining both correlates at the mean and correlates across the height distribution, supports these findings. We show that there was more height inequality in the population according to socioeconomic status and human capital than previously thought, while also confirming the importance of socioeconomic influences during childhood on physical growth.

scholarly journals Maternal mental health and child well-being in Nigeria: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510292110121
Author(s):  
Dung Ezekiel Jidong ◽  
Nusrat Husain ◽  
Tarela J Ike ◽  
Maisha Murshed ◽  
Juliet Y Pwajok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
The Impact

Maternal mental health distress has a disease burden of severe adverse effects for both mother and child. This review identified maternal mental health concerns, their impact on child growth and the current practice of maternal healthcare for both mothers and their children in Nigeria. The Population, phenomenon of Interest and Context (PICo) model was adopted to formulate the review strategy, and five databases were searched for published articles between 1999 and 2019. Databases include Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts and Web of Science. Boolean operators (AND/OR/NOT) helped to ensure rigorous use of search terms which include ‘maternal’, ‘pre/peri/postnatal’, ‘mental health’, ‘mental illness’, ‘disorders’, ‘intervention,’ ‘Nigeria’, ‘child’, ‘infant growth’, and ‘wellbeing’. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, and extracted data were qualitatively synthesised and analysed thematically. Five themes emerged. These include (i) marital difficulties, (ii) relationship status of the mother, (iii) child’s gender, (iv) mode of child delivery and (v) child growth and development. The review showed a significant paucity of literature on the impact of specific maternal mental health problems on child physical growth and cognitive development. We concluded that culturally appropriate and evidence-based psychological interventions for maternal mental health problems would benefit Nigerian indigenous mothers. Therefore, the study recommends randomised controlled trials that are culturally appropriate and cost-effective for distressed mothers with children.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF DIGITAL NATIVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539
Author(s):  
Sohima Anzak ◽  
Aneela Sultana ◽  
Ambreen Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
The Impact

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research article is to explore how engagement with digital tools affects the health and social well-being of digital natives. The study aims to look into the facts that how youth are getting benefits from this digitalization and how it is also increasing their exposure to the associated health risks. Methodology: The qualitative research is conducted in three selected universities of Islamabad. Through a closed-ended questionnaire, demographic data about the activities of the youth on digital technology was collected. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation were the core techniques used in the research. Main Findings: Digital natives have improved awareness about health issues and actively educating the digital immigrants to access knowledge about treatments on various health issues at the local and global levels. The research shows that digital youth do realize that these technologies are leaving some bad effects on their health and well-being yet have not been able to get rid of them because their daily life activities are dependent on these tools. Applications of this study: The study will be of great significance for the policymakers, who are handling the rising health issues due to digitalization impact in the society. It will be an addition to the knowledge in the disciplines of Public health, Anthropology, and Psychology besides the medical sector. Data will be used to address the health issues in the coming days by the medical professionals and social scientists. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study has generated the information about the impact of digitalization on youth’s health by using the emic approach. Digital technology has taken up the role of socialization agent for the digital natives. So it is very important to listen to the youth's voices rather than assuming what is best for them. This study is novel in the sense that it is reflecting youth and how they perceive the digital technology as a beneficial tool and how it risks their life in many ways.

Measuring Impact of Stress in Sandwich Generation Caring for Demented Parents

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence M. Solberg ◽  
Lauren B. Solberg ◽  
Emily N. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sandwich Generation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Caregivers ◽  
The Impact

Stress in caregivers may affect the healthcare recipients receive. We examined the impact of stress experienced by 45 adult caregivers of their elderly demented parents. The participants completed a 32-item questionnaire about the impact of experienced stress. The questionnaire also asked about interventions that might help to reduce the impact of stress. After exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 32-item questionnaire to 13 items. Results indicated that caregivers experienced stress, anxiety, and sadness. Also, emotional, but not financial or professional, well-being was significantly impacted. There was no significant difference between the impact of caregiver stress on members from the sandwich generation and those from the nonsandwich generation. Meeting with a social worker for resource availability was identified most frequently as a potentially helpful intervention for coping with the impact of stress.

Efficacy of Crisis Intervention

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Reisch ◽  
Petra Schlatter ◽  
Wolfgang Tschacher
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Step Therapy ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
The Impact

This study assesses the efficacy of the treatment approach implemented in the Bern Crisis Intervention Program, where particular emphasis is placed on the remediation of suicide ideation and suicidal behavior, and depression, fear, and phobia are generally considered to be contributing factors. Four questionnaires addressing psychopathology, emotional well-being, social anxiety, and personality were administered prior to and after the treatment of 51 patients over a period of 2 to 3 weeks. The reduction of symptoms contributing to suicidal ideation and behavior was interpreted as indirect evidence of an antisuicidal effect of the program. Significant improvements were found in the psychopathology ratings, with depression and anxiety showing the largest reductions. The impact on personality and social phobia, however, was only moderate, and on average patients still exhibited symptoms after attending the program. This residual symptomatology points to the necessity of introducing a two-step therapy approach of intensive intervention targeted at the precipitating causes of the crisis, augmented by long-term therapy to treat underlying problems.

The Therapist’s Reaction to a Patient’s Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Martin Wurst ◽  
Isabella Kunz ◽  
Gregory Skipper ◽  
Manfred Wolfersdorf ◽  
Karl H. Beine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life. Aims: To assess (1) the impact of a patient’s suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide. Methods: A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient’s suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients’ suicide. The item “overall distress” immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.

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