Attenuated Total Reflectance FT-IR Imaging and Quantitative Energy Dispersive-Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis Techniques for Single Particle Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
pp. 6695-6707 ◽  
Author(s):  
JiYeon Ryu ◽  
Chul-Un Ro
Keyword(s):  
Single Particle ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Single Particle Analysis ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

SINGLE PARTICLE ANALYSIS OF FIXED FOG DROPLETS USING SR X-RAY MICROPROBE SYSTEM

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 873-874
Author(s):  
S. TOHNO ◽  
S. HAYAKAWA ◽  
A. NAKAMURA ◽  
A. HAMAMOTO ◽  
M. SUZUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Particle ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Single Particle Analysis ◽  
X Ray

Inside versus Outside: Ion Redistribution in Nitric Acid Reacted Sea Spray Aerosol Particles as Determined by Single Particle Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (39) ◽  
pp. 14528-14531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Ault ◽  
Timothy L. Guasco ◽  
Olivia S. Ryder ◽  
Jonas Baltrusaitis ◽  
Luis A. Cuadra-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Single Particle Analysis ◽  
Sea Spray Aerosol

scholarly journals The Resolution in X-ray Crystallography and Single-Particle Cryogenic Electron Microscopy

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Victor R.A. Dubach ◽  
Albert Guskov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Single Particle Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
The Fourier Transform

X-ray crystallography and single-particle analysis cryogenic electron microscopy are essential techniques for uncovering the three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules. Both techniques rely on the Fourier transform to calculate experimental maps. However, one of the crucial parameters, resolution, is rather broadly defined. Here, the methods to determine the resolution in X-ray crystallography and single-particle analysis are summarized. In X-ray crystallography, it is becoming increasingly more common to include reflections discarded previously by traditionally used standards, allowing for the inclusion of incomplete and anisotropic reflections into the refinement process. In general, the resolution is the smallest lattice spacing given by Bragg’s law for a particular set of X-ray diffraction intensities; however, typically the resolution is truncated by the user during the data processing based on certain parameters and later it is used during refinement. However, at which resolution to perform such a truncation is not always clear and this makes it very confusing for the novices entering the structural biology field. Furthermore, it is argued that the effective resolution should be also reported as it is a more descriptive measure accounting for anisotropy and incompleteness of the data. In single particle cryo-EM, the situation is not much better, as multiple ways exist to determine the resolution, such as Fourier shell correlation, spectral signal-to-noise ratio and the Fourier neighbor correlation. The most widely accepted is the Fourier shell correlation using a threshold of 0.143 to define the resolution (so-called “gold-standard”), although it is still debated whether this is the correct threshold. Besides, the resolution obtained from the Fourier shell correlation is an estimate of varying resolution across the density map. In reality, the interpretability of the map is more important than the numerical value of the resolution.

scholarly journals On-line single particle analysis of ice particle residuals from mountain-top mixed-phase clouds using laboratory derived particle type assignment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schmidt ◽  
J. Schneider ◽  
T. Klimach ◽  
S. Mertes ◽  
L. P. Schenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Particle ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Single Particle Analysis ◽  
Particle Type ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Outcome Instrument ◽  
Mixed Phase Clouds

Abstract. In-situ single particle analysis of ice particle residuals (IPR) and out-of-cloud aerosol particles was conducted by means of laser ablation mass spectrometry during the intensive INUIT-JFJ/CLACE campaign at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) in January/February 2013. During the four week campaign more than 70000 out-of-cloud aerosol particles and 595 IPR were analyzed covering a particle size diameter range from 100 nm to 3 µm. The IPR were sampled during 273 hours while the station was covered by mixed-phase clouds at ambient temperatures between −27 °C and −6 °C. The identification of particle types is based on laboratory studies of different types of biological, mineral and anthropogenic aerosol particles. As outcome instrument specific marker peaks for the different investigated particle types were obtained and applied to the field data. The results show that the sampled IPR contain a larger relative amount of natural, primary aerosol, like soil dust (13 %) and minerals (11 %), in comparison to out-of-cloud aerosol particles (2 % and < 1 %, respectively). Additionally, anthropogenic aerosol particles, like particles from industrial emissions and lead-containing particles, were found to be more abundant in the IPR than in the out-of-cloud aerosol. The out-of-cloud aerosol contained a large fraction of aged particles (30 %, including organic material and secondary inorganics), whereas this particle type was much less abundant (3 %) in the IPR. In a selected subset of the data where a direct comparison between out-of-cloud aerosol particles and IPR in air masses with similar origin was possible, a pronounced enhancement of biological particles was found in the IPR.

Ageing mechanisms of the papers with zeolite and PCC fillers

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Engin ◽  
Nural Yılgör ◽  
Celil Atik
Keyword(s):  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Diagnosis Approach

Abstract This work has been conducted to investigate the effect of accelerated ageing on the filler-free (control) handsheets and the ones having Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) and Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) fillers. The diagnosis approach of this work has been based on the use of the techniques of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FT-IR technique has allowed identifying the changes in cellulose components of handsheets. Likewise, the XRD technique has provided to diagnose the changes in crystallinity of the handsheets and fillers. The results found out that PCC and Zeolite fillers could be easily added to the structure of the paper network by changing various experimental variables. The loss of C−O functional groups and the formation of carbonyl groups in handsheets has been analysed by accelerated ageing. The spectroscopy results confirmed that usage of zeolite filler has a retarding and structurally improving effect on the glycosidic linkages. Recent findings have been provided new insights into the role of the synergistic effect of the combination of PCC and zeolite fillers in the decelerating of certain ageing mechanism.

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