Gel Electrophoresis Chip Using Joule Heat Self-Dissipation, Short Run Time, and Online Dynamic Imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Xue ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Youli Tian ◽  
Genhan Zha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Joule Heat ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Run Time

scholarly journals Excise Taxes with Multiproduct Transactions

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 458-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Product Variety ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Ad Valorem

I examine excise taxes levied on multiproduct retailers. Excise taxes reduce equilibrium output and decrease equilibrium product variety in the short run, but taxes can raise output per product in the long run and induce entry. Excise taxes are overshifted into prices in a wide range of cases, including under linear and concave demand conditions, and excise taxes shift less than one-for-one into prices only when demand is highly convex. Multiproduct transactions substantively alter the efficiency of ad valorem and specific forms of excise taxes and affect the comparison of relative tax performance over short-run and long-run time horizons. (JEL H25, H32, L11, L13, L81)

Development and Validation of a Reliable LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Hydrochlorothiazide in Presence of Different co-formulated Anti-hypertensive Medications in Biological Matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba M. Mohamed ◽  
Yasmin M. Fayez
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Hplc Separation ◽  
First Line ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Development And Validation

Background: Thiazide diuretics are listed as one of the first-line antihypertensive treatment agents. Hydrochlorothiazide is mainly formulated with many antihypertensive agents as combined pill therapy. Objective: In this study a new, simple, rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS assay was developed, optimized and validated for the simultaneous quantification of commonly prescribed cardiovascular combined medications that used for hypertension management including Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in the presence of Irbesartan (IRB), candesartan (CAN) and Bisoprolol (BISO) in human plasma. Methods: RP-HPLC separation of analytes and internal standard (atorvastatin) was performed on Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6×50 mm 5-Micron) using Acetonitrile: (0.05%) Formic Acid (80:20) as an eluting system with a run time of less than 5.0 min. Results: Validation was carried out according to FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method. The recoveries were higher than 84.30%, the accuracy was within 86.82–110.17 % and the RSD was below 10% for all the studied compounds. Conclusions: The suggested method is highly appropriate for routine assays of the studied combination therapy in view of the lower LLOQ, simple extraction process and short run time. The method can be further investigated and used for pharmacokinetics studies of the studied different antihypertensive combinations.

scholarly journals Liquidity connectedness in cryptocurrency market

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudassar Hasan ◽  
Muhammad Abubakr Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad ◽  
Xuan Vinh Vo
Keyword(s):  
Time Horizon ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Liquidity Shocks ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Run Time

AbstractWe examine the dynamics of liquidity connectedness in the cryptocurrency market. We use the connectedness models of Diebold and Yilmaz (Int J Forecast 28(1):57–66, 2012) and Baruník and Křehlík (J Financ Econom 16(2):271–296, 2018) on a sample of six major cryptocurrencies, namely, Bitcoin (BTC), Litecoin (LTC), Ethereum (ETH), Ripple (XRP), Monero (XMR), and Dash. Our static analysis reveals a moderate liquidity connectedness among our sample cryptocurrencies, whereas BTC and LTC play a significant role in connectedness magnitude. A distinct liquidity cluster is observed for BTC, LTC, and XRP, and ETH, XMR, and Dash also form another distinct liquidity cluster. The frequency domain analysis reveals that liquidity connectedness is more pronounced in the short-run time horizon than the medium- and long-run time horizons. In the short run, BTC, LTC, and XRP are the leading contributor to liquidity shocks, whereas, in the long run, ETH assumes this role. Compared with the medium term, a tight liquidity clustering is found in the short and long terms. The time-varying analysis indicates that liquidity connectedness in the cryptocurrency market increases over time, pointing to the possible effect of rising demand and higher acceptability for this unique asset. Furthermore, more pronounced liquidity connectedness patterns are observed over the short and long run, reinforcing that liquidity connectedness in the cryptocurrency market is a phenomenon dependent on the time–frequency connectedness.

scholarly journals Exploiting column chemistry for chromatographic separation and quantification of caffeoylquinic acids in Gynura procumbens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisantini Murugesu ◽  
Sultan Ayesh Mohammed Saghir ◽  
Amirin Sadikun ◽  
Kooi-Yeong Khaw ◽  
Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acids ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Almost All

AbstractA simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method was developed by exploiting the benefits of phenyl-hexyl column for the simultaneous determination of mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acids in Gynura procumbens plant samples. An optimal chromatographic separation was achieved by using a mobile phase of acetonitrile: 0.25% acetic acid in water (12.5:78.5, v/v) and detection at 330 nm. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for the six caffeoylquinic acid standards were in the range of 0.078–0.653 and 0.259–1.795 μg/mL, respectively. The accuracies of the developed method were in the range of 96.84–103.08%, while the corresponding precisions were between 0 and 2.94% for both within-day and between-day analyses, indicating that the method is repeatable and reliable. The mean recoveries were between 87.08 and 117.83%. The method was successfully applied for quantification of caffeoylquinic acids in G. procumbens plant samples. This is the first study on di-caffeoylquinic acids quantification in G. procumbens. Leaves samples contained higher amount of the caffeoylquinic acids compared to stem samples. Of the compounds, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid was found to be the major compound in almost all G. procumbens samples. The method has advantages such as sensitive ultraviolet (UV) detection, short run time with simple isocratic elution system compared to other methods which involved the use of costly instruments, laborious procedures with long run time and complex gradient system. This method can be further extended for routine quality control and analysis of plants or herbal products containing the caffeoylquinic acids.

VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING UPLC METHOD FOR AFATINIB AND ITS IMPURITIES IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Ramu Ivaturi ◽  
Sastry T Manikya ◽  
Satyaveni S
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Mobile Phase Flow Rate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Related Impurities ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Run Time

A novel, simple, selective, rapid stability-indicating and LC-MS compatible short run time UPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of afatinib and its related substances in bulk and finished dosage form. A reverse phase gradient mode short run time method has been developed by using UPLC to separate all the five known impurities of Afatinib. The chromatographic separation of afatinib and its related impurities was achieved by using Acquity UPLC HSS PFP column 100*2.1 mm, 1.8 μm using 0.1% v/v formic acid in Milli-Q water and acetonitrile as a co-solvent with a run time of 12 minutes. The column temperature was maintained at 30°C. The mobile phase flow rate was 0.4 mL/min and the UV detection was carried out at a wavelength of 258 nm. The proposed method was validated in terms of specificity (forced degradation), linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and ruggedness as per ICH quality guidelines Q2 (R1). Forced degradation was performed using hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal and photolytic conditions with good resolution between degradants and analyte. Degradation peaks neither co-elute with the main analyte nor with the known impurities, indicating that the proposed method as is stability indicating. Limit of quantification for all the five known impurities and analyte were in the range of 0.02 ppm to 0.05 ppm, indicating that the method is sensitive. Recovery of the impurities and analyte at various levels ranging from LOQ level to 200% level was in the range of 96.9 to 101.8%, indicating that the method was accurate and precise. Hence the validated method can be successfully applied for the quantitative estimation of afatinib and its related impurities in bulk and tablet dosage form.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document