scholarly journals Exploiting column chemistry for chromatographic separation and quantification of caffeoylquinic acids in Gynura procumbens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kisantini Murugesu ◽  
Sultan Ayesh Mohammed Saghir ◽  
Amirin Sadikun ◽  
Kooi-Yeong Khaw ◽  
Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acids ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Almost All

AbstractA simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method was developed by exploiting the benefits of phenyl-hexyl column for the simultaneous determination of mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acids in Gynura procumbens plant samples. An optimal chromatographic separation was achieved by using a mobile phase of acetonitrile: 0.25% acetic acid in water (12.5:78.5, v/v) and detection at 330 nm. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for the six caffeoylquinic acid standards were in the range of 0.078–0.653 and 0.259–1.795 μg/mL, respectively. The accuracies of the developed method were in the range of 96.84–103.08%, while the corresponding precisions were between 0 and 2.94% for both within-day and between-day analyses, indicating that the method is repeatable and reliable. The mean recoveries were between 87.08 and 117.83%. The method was successfully applied for quantification of caffeoylquinic acids in G. procumbens plant samples. This is the first study on di-caffeoylquinic acids quantification in G. procumbens. Leaves samples contained higher amount of the caffeoylquinic acids compared to stem samples. Of the compounds, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid was found to be the major compound in almost all G. procumbens samples. The method has advantages such as sensitive ultraviolet (UV) detection, short run time with simple isocratic elution system compared to other methods which involved the use of costly instruments, laborious procedures with long run time and complex gradient system. This method can be further extended for routine quality control and analysis of plants or herbal products containing the caffeoylquinic acids.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF MONEY ON OUTPUT IN CZECH REPUBLIC AND ROMANIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela SIMIONESCU ◽  
Adam P. BALCERZAK ◽  
Yuriy BILAN ◽  
Anna KOTÁSKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Vector Error Correction Models ◽  
The Impact

The problem of relationship between output and money has become again a subject of special interests of economists after the most recent global financial crisis and monetary stabilization policies applied by central banks of almost all developed economies. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to assess the relation between GDP and the most important monetary variables in two countries: Romania and Czech Republic over the period of 1995:Q1 – 2015:Q4. The choice of these economies was deliberate. The selected countries are different from the viewpoint of rate and results of transformation from the centrally planned to market economy, which have influenced their current economic environment stability. Czech Republic is currently classified as middle or even developed country, whereas Romania is still considered as a developing economy. Thus, differences between these two countries make them interesting in the case of comparative studies. In the empirical part of our research the vector error correction models (VECM) were applied. The main findings of the article are the following: in Romania, there is a short-run causality from money supply (M3) to GDP and a long-run relationship between GDP, internal credit and M3. According to Granger causality test, the rate of M3 in Romania was a cause for economic. In Czech Republic, there is a short-run causality from M3 to GDP and a long-run causality between GDP, internal credit and M3. Thus, the results contradict the money neutrality hypothesis in post-transformation Central European economies.

On the link between HIV prevalence and health expenditure: an asymmetric analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-526
Author(s):  
Massomeh Hajilee ◽  
Mahsa Oroojeni Mohammad Javad ◽  
Linda A. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nonlinear Ardl ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Hiv Aids

PurposeIndividuals' health is considered one of the major determinants of higher levels of productivity and economic development. Over the past century, the widespread occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has been a serious threat to economic development around the globe and has caused a dramatic fall in the life expectancy rate in many nations. This is the first study that examines the impact of HIV prevalence on health expenditure at the national level employing two linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models and simultaneously tests the long-run and short-run relationship for five selected developed countries. The authors employ annual data from 1981 to 2016. They find that HIV prevalence has a significant impact on health expenditure in the short-run and long-run in all five countries using the linear model and four of the countries in the nonlinear model. They find that HIV/AIDS prevalence has a significant short-run and long-run asymmetric impact on health expenditure of almost all selected developed economies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors are employing two linear and nonlinear ARDL models and simultaneously test the long-run and short-run relationship for five selected developed countries.FindingsThe authors find that HIV/AIDS prevalence has a significant short-run and long-run asymmetric impact on health expenditure of almost all selected developed economies.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research work that empirically examines the link between HIV prevalence and health expenditure for this group of countries using linear and nonlinear ARDL approach for short run and long run.

Asymmetric Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Commodity Trade Between Pakistan and China

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092091628
Author(s):  
Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee ◽  
Ahmed Usman ◽  
Sana Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Exchange Rate Volatility ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Asymmetric Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Asymmetric Impact ◽  
Almost All

China is the largest trading partner of Pakistan. Therefore, it is very important to consider the trade flows between Pakistan and China and their response to rupee–yuan volatility. Previous research assumed that response of trade flows to measure of volatility is symmetric. In this study, our basic objective is to check whether the trade flows respond to volatility in a symmetric or asymmetric manner. Annual data over the period 1980–2018 for 14 Pakistani industries exporting to and 34 industries importing from China are analyzed. We find short-run asymmetric effects of exchange rate volatility in almost all industries that last into long-run asymmetric effects in 40–50 per cent of industries. Non-linear models yielded more significant effects of volatility than the traditional linear models.

INDIA: CURRENCY DEMONETISATION AND THE WAY AHEAD

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangan Jain ◽  
Sanjiv Pandiya
Keyword(s):  
Asset Price ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Asset Price Bubbles ◽  
Price Bubbles ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
Asset Classes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

In the backdrop of the recent Demonetisation promulgated by the PM on the night of 8th Nov.,2016, this paper attempts to put together the opposing views among economists, highlight the direction in which cash is headed and also lists the way ahead for India to emerge as a cleaner and transparent marketplace. Some economists opine recent demonetisation as a big bang structural reform the Indian economy needed. Almost all asset classes were reeling under huge price bubbles and assets like a decent house, gold had almost become inaccessible for the aam aadmi. In the short run, definitely the entire nation will pay the costs, however in the long run, this step will prick the asset price bubbles and cause prices to hover close to their real values, give a hit to parallel economy and reduce overall crime. On the other hand, for some economists, this demonetisation is more of a palliative to suppress the ills in the economy. Only some black money holders will get trapped and be impoverished for a lot of others may still find channels to offload their black money. Evidence from other nations show that the stride towards cashlessness is an inevitable step and for countries hitherto dependent on cash, its better late than never. The question is not whether or not to move ahead. Its rather about how to manage all the bedlam that the demonetisation has caused. The demonetisation in India is a clear indication of where the nation is moving. Cashless India is apparent, inevitable and needed! The paper also goes on to suggest measures such as gold registry along with real estate digitisation and periodic demonetisation of BCNs to give a final blow to the black economy.

How responsive are Indonesia's bilateral inpayments and outpayments to real depreciation of Rupiah?

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Bahmani‐Oskooee ◽  
Hanafiah Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Currency Depreciation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Bounds Testing Approach ◽  
Almost All

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the sensitivity of Indonesia's inpayments and outpayments to currency depreciation on a bilateral basis.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used is based on the bounds testing approach.FindingsIt is found that while real depreciation of Rupiah has short‐run effects in a majority of the cases, these effects last into the long‐term in almost 50 percent of the cases. Surprisingly, almost all of the affected partners in the long run are found to be the Asian countries.Originality/valueThe paper is very original in that no one has looked at this issue before.

scholarly journals Excise Taxes with Multiproduct Transactions

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 458-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Product Variety ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Ad Valorem

I examine excise taxes levied on multiproduct retailers. Excise taxes reduce equilibrium output and decrease equilibrium product variety in the short run, but taxes can raise output per product in the long run and induce entry. Excise taxes are overshifted into prices in a wide range of cases, including under linear and concave demand conditions, and excise taxes shift less than one-for-one into prices only when demand is highly convex. Multiproduct transactions substantively alter the efficiency of ad valorem and specific forms of excise taxes and affect the comparison of relative tax performance over short-run and long-run time horizons. (JEL H25, H32, L11, L13, L81)

scholarly journals Aflatoxin content and health risks associated with consumption of some herbal products sold in Kampala, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Patrick Onen ◽  
James Watmon ◽  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Daniel Ocira
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Mental Picture ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Current Observation ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Cough Mixture

Persuasive adverts and exaggeration of health benefits from consumption of herbal products as well as the mental picture of ‘natural’ is ‘safe’ has boosted traditional medicine use in Uganda. However, herbal products may be unsafe due to the possibility of their contamination with mycotoxins. In this study, we quantified the levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in Real Koff product, Eddagala ly’e kifuba n’e senyiga, Omusujja, Cough mixture and Fever herbal products sold in Kampala, Uganda using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The associated consumption health risks were assessed using the hazard index method. Only aflatoxin B1 was detected in 60% of the samples, with 40% of these surpassing WHO guidelines of ≤ 5 µg/kg. The hazard indices were all less than 1, implying that Ugandans who heavily rely on the herbal products are exposed to aflatoxins at sublethal doses which may lead to chronic effects in the long run. Studies using a larger sample size should assess whether the current observation is a routine occurrence or a sporadic event.

scholarly journals Liquidity connectedness in cryptocurrency market

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudassar Hasan ◽  
Muhammad Abubakr Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad ◽  
Xuan Vinh Vo
Keyword(s):  
Time Horizon ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Liquidity Shocks ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Run Time

AbstractWe examine the dynamics of liquidity connectedness in the cryptocurrency market. We use the connectedness models of Diebold and Yilmaz (Int J Forecast 28(1):57–66, 2012) and Baruník and Křehlík (J Financ Econom 16(2):271–296, 2018) on a sample of six major cryptocurrencies, namely, Bitcoin (BTC), Litecoin (LTC), Ethereum (ETH), Ripple (XRP), Monero (XMR), and Dash. Our static analysis reveals a moderate liquidity connectedness among our sample cryptocurrencies, whereas BTC and LTC play a significant role in connectedness magnitude. A distinct liquidity cluster is observed for BTC, LTC, and XRP, and ETH, XMR, and Dash also form another distinct liquidity cluster. The frequency domain analysis reveals that liquidity connectedness is more pronounced in the short-run time horizon than the medium- and long-run time horizons. In the short run, BTC, LTC, and XRP are the leading contributor to liquidity shocks, whereas, in the long run, ETH assumes this role. Compared with the medium term, a tight liquidity clustering is found in the short and long terms. The time-varying analysis indicates that liquidity connectedness in the cryptocurrency market increases over time, pointing to the possible effect of rising demand and higher acceptability for this unique asset. Furthermore, more pronounced liquidity connectedness patterns are observed over the short and long run, reinforcing that liquidity connectedness in the cryptocurrency market is a phenomenon dependent on the time–frequency connectedness.

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-106
Author(s):  
Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee ◽  
◽  
Seyed Ghodsi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
House Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Asymmetric Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Since oil is used as an input in the production and delivery process, any change in its price can affect almost all sectors of an economy. Researchers have tried to assess the impact of the rising price of oil on domestic production, inflation, investment, the stock market, etc. In order to determine if inflationary effects of rising oil prices have spread to house prices in the U.S., unlike previous research, we investigate the link between oil prices and house prices by using data from each state of the U.S. Furthermore, for the first time, we engage in asymmetry analysis and find short-run asymmetric effects in almost all of the states but short-run cumulative effects or asymmetric impact in 15 states. Although we also find significant long-run asymmetric effects in 26 states, the results reveal that an increase in oil prices has contributed to house price increase in only 11 states and a decrease in oil prices lowered house prices in only three states.

scholarly journals Capital Flows and The Macro Economy: The Indian Experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
A. K. Seth ◽  
Sumati Varma
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Indian Experience ◽  
Correction Technique ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Macro Variables ◽  
Simple Regression

This paper examines the macro-economic impact of capital flows into India. The variables identified in the study have been drawn on the basis of the transmission mechanism – to see how capital flows are transmitted into the economic system. To examine the issue the paper uses simple regression and Granger’s Error Correction technique, which analyses long run and short run impact together. It has been found that out of the macro variables selected almost all are influenced by capital flows and represent the monetary environment of the economy. The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. IV, No. 1(2007) pp. 62-74

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