In Vitro and In Vivo Tumor Targeted Photothermal Cancer Therapy Using Functionalized Graphene Nanoparticles

Mitochondria are highly dynamic double-membrane organelles which play a well-recognized role in ATP production, calcium homeostasis, oxidation-reduction (redox) status, apoptotic cell death, and inflammation. Dysfunction of mitochondria has long been observed in a number of human diseases, including cancer. Targeting mitochondria metabolism in tumors as a cancer therapeutic strategy has attracted much attention for researchers in recent years due to the essential role of mitochondria in cancer cell growth, apoptosis, and progression. On the other hand, a series of studies have indicated that traditional medicinal herbs, including traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), exert their potential anticancer effects as an effective adjunct treatment for alleviating the systemic side effects of conventional cancer therapies, for reducing the risk of recurrence and cancer mortality and for improving the quality of patients’ life. An amazing feature of these structurally diverse bioactive components is that majority of them target mitochondria to provoke cancer cell-specific death program. The aim of this review is to summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies about the role of these herbs, especially their bioactive compounds in the modulation of the disturbed mitochondrial function for cancer therapy.

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Folate-Functionalized Mesoporous Hollow SnO2 Nanofibers as a Targeting Drug Carrier to Improve the Antitumor Effect of Paclitaxel for Liver Cancer Therapy

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/8526190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Huiling Lv ◽

Chao Wu ◽

Xuan Liu ◽

Andi Bai ◽

Yue Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapy ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Drug Carrier ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Hollow Structure ◽

Amorphous State ◽

Outer Diameter ◽

Drug Delivery Carrier

In this study, we prepared PTX-loaded mesoporous hollow SnO2 nanofibers conjugated with folic acid (SFNFP) for liver cancer therapy. According to SEM and TEM characterization, SFNF showed a mesoporous hollow structure. The average outer diameter was 200 nm, and the wall thickness was 50 nm. The DSC and XRD study showed that PTX in the channels of nanofibers was present in an amorphous state. The in vitro release experiments demonstrated that SFNF could efficiently improve the dissolution rate of PTX. Both in vitro cell experiments and in vivo antitumor experiments showed that SFNFP could efficiently inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells. Therefore, SFNF is a promising targeting antitumor drug delivery carrier.

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Numerical Investigation of Ferrofluid Preparation during In-Vitro Culture of Cancer Therapy for Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21165545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (16) ◽

pp. 5545 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Izaz Raouf ◽

Piotr Gas ◽

Heung Soo Kim

Keyword(s):

Numerical Model ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽

Research Work ◽

Thermal Response ◽

Linear Response Theory ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia

Recently, in-vitro studies of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) hyperthermia have attracted significant attention because of the severity of this cancer therapy for in-vivo culture. Accurate temperature evaluation is one of the key challenges of MNP hyperthermia. Hence, numerical studies play a crucial role in evaluating the thermal behavior of ferrofluids. As a result, the optimum therapeutic conditions can be achieved. The presented research work aims to develop a comprehensive numerical model that directly correlates the MNP hyperthermia parameters to the thermal response of the in-vitro model using optimization through linear response theory (LRT). For that purpose, the ferrofluid solution is evaluated based on various parameters, and the temperature distribution of the system is estimated in space and time. Consequently, the optimum conditions for the ferrofluid preparation are estimated based on experimental and mathematical findings. The reliability of the presented model is evaluated via the correlation analysis between magnetic and calorimetric methods for the specific loss power (SLP) and intrinsic loss power (ILP) calculations. Besides, the presented numerical model is verified with our experimental setup. In summary, the proposed model offers a novel approach to investigate the thermal diffusion of a non-adiabatic ferrofluid sample intended for MNP hyperthermia in cancer treatment.

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Targeting Sphingolipids for Cancer Therapy

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.745092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Osmel Companioni ◽

Cristina Mir ◽

Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea ◽

Matilde E. LLeonart

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Cell Death ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Preclinical Studies ◽

Hepatic Toxicity ◽

Multiple Cancers ◽

Extensive Class ◽

Effective Drugs

Sphingolipids are an extensive class of lipids with different functions in the cell, ranging from proliferation to cell death. Sphingolipids are modified in multiple cancers and are responsible for tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis. Several inhibitors or activators of sphingolipid signaling, such as fenretinide, safingol, ABC294640, ceramide nanoliposomes (CNLs), SKI-II, α-galactosylceramide, fingolimod, and sonepcizumab, have been described. The objective of this review was to analyze the results from preclinical and clinical trials of these drugs for the treatment of cancer. Sphingolipid-targeting drugs have been tested alone or in combination with chemotherapy, exhibiting antitumor activity alone and in synergism with chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. As a consequence of treatments, the most frequent mechanism of cell death is apoptosis, followed by autophagy. Aslthough all these drugs have produced good results in preclinical studies of multiple cancers, the outcomes of clinical trials have not been similar. The most effective drugs are fenretinide and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). In contrast, minor adverse effects restricted to a few subjects and hepatic toxicity have been observed in clinical trials of ABC294640 and safingol, respectively. In the case of CNLs, SKI-II, fingolimod and sonepcizumab there are some limitations and absence of enough clinical studies to demonstrate a benefit. The effectiveness or lack of a major therapeutic effect of sphingolipid modulation by some drugs as a cancer therapy and other aspects related to their mechanism of action are discussed in this review.

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Plant derived secondary metabolites in cancer therapy: actions, applications, and future prospective of dietaryflavonol (quercetin)

International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation ◽

10.34256/irjmtcon16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 135-143

Author(s):

Krishnagowdu Saravanan ◽

Jayachandran Halka ◽

Kumaresan Kowsalya ◽

Muthukrishnan Arun

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapy ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Anticancer Agents ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Lung Tumor ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Food Additives ◽

Antioxidant Agents

Higher plants are prominent sources for several bioactive chemical constituents (secondary metabolites) who include photochemical, flavoring agents, fragrant molecules, and food additives. According to WHO estimates, it has been reported that more than 80% of population in developing countries prefer these natural bioactive active compounds for their primary health requirement. At present, conventional chemotherapy is constrained due to the nonselective toxicity to human organs and their usage is limited now a days. In a recent survey, more than 60% of cancer patients have been preferring adjuvant phototherapy along with chemotherapy. Thus, photochemical are being widely used as anticancer agents to target specific pathological pathways underlying cancer with low toxic profiles and side effects. These photochemical are cost-effective and easily accessible to the public to treat cancer diseases. These bioactive photochemical are meticulously belongs to secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols.Among them, the flavonoids are polyphenolic substances, which are found in all parts of the plant such as flowers, fruits, leaves, roots, seeds, and bark. They possess high medicinal properties like being anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-malarial, antioxidant agents. Quercetin is major flavones associated with a profound antioxidant and medicinal property to prevent the oxidation of lipids in vitro and in vivo, and also exhibits direct proapoptotic effects on tumor cells. This compound has proven efficacy in targeting several cancer cells of breast, colon, prostate, ovarian, and lung tumor in vitro. The present review focuses on the effect of quercetin in cancer therapy.

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