scholarly journals Effects of Organic Carbon Origin on Hydrophobic Organic Contaminant Fate in the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Nybom ◽  
Gisela Horlitz ◽  
Dorothea Gilbert ◽  
Naiara Berrojalbiz ◽  
Jannik Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Organic Contaminant ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Contaminant Fate ◽  
Hydrophobic Organic Contaminant ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals The carbon budget of the Baltic Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3219-3230 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kuliński ◽  
J. Pempkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the Baltic Sea carbon budget. The Baltic Sea is very much influenced by terrestrial carbon input. Rivers are the largest carbon source, and their input amounts to 10.90 Tg C yr−1 (Tg = 1012 g) with a 37.5% contribution of organic carbon. On the other hand, carbon is effectively exported from the Baltic to the North Sea (7.67 Tg C yr−1) and is also buried in bottom sediments (2.73 Tg C yr−1). The other sources and sinks of carbon are of minor importance. The net CO2 emission (1.05 Tg C yr−1) from the Baltic to the atmosphere was calculated as the closing term of the carbon budget presented here. There is a net loss of organic carbon, which indicates that the Baltic Sea is heterotrophic.

Environmental factors affecting recent benthic foraminiferal distribution in the south-eastern Baltic Sea

Baltica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Ponomarenko ◽  
Viktor Krechik ◽  
Evgenia Dorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Baltic

The Baltic Sea is characterized by a restricted exchange of deep waters due to permanent stratification of the water column. The aim of the present study is to investigate the distribution of benthic foraminifera in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea in relation to environmental parameters. The distribution of benthic foraminifera was analyzed in 26 surface sediment samples collected in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea and in the Bornholm Basin during springtime and wintertime 2016. Foraminiferal diversity in the studied region was extremely low. Agglutinated specimens dominated the assemblages and were represented by small-sized individuals which belong to Psammosphaera, Pseudothurammina, Saccammina, and Reophax genera. Calcareous foraminifera were dominated by Cribroelphidium genus. Micropaleontological data were compared to the environmental parameters characterizing bottom water (temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen content) and substrate conditions (grain size composition and total organic carbon content). Higher foraminiferal concentrations and diversity were found in deeper parts of the study region where fine-grained sediments with a higher total organic carbon content were accumulated under stable hydrographical conditions. Calcareous tests were found only at the stations with elevated salinity, indicating that bottom water salinity is the main factor limiting the distribution of calcareous foraminifera. On the other hand, substrate parameters and hydrodynamic conditions appear to play a major role in the distribution of agglutinated foraminifera.

36year trends in dissolved organic carbon export from Finnish rivers to the Baltic Sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 435-436 ◽  
pp. 188-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Räike ◽  
Pirkko Kortelainen ◽  
Tuija Mattsson ◽  
David N. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
The Baltic

Particulate organic carbon (POC) in surface sediments of the Baltic Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Leipe ◽  
Franz Tauber ◽  
Henry Vallius ◽  
Joonas Virtasalo ◽  
Szymon Uścinowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Particulate Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Size distribution of colloidal trace metals and organic carbon during a coastal bloom in the Baltic Sea

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Ingri ◽  
Susanna Nordling ◽  
Jenny Larsson ◽  
Jenny Rönnegård ◽  
Nina Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Particle shuttling and oxidation capacity of sedimentary organic carbon on the Baltic Sea system scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 103963
Author(s):  
Madeleine M. Nilsson ◽  
Astrid Hylén ◽  
Nils Ekeroth ◽  
Mikhail Y. Kononets ◽  
Lena Viktorsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Oxidation Capacity ◽  
Sedimentary Organic Carbon ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Potential Activities and Long Lifetimes of Organic Carbon-Degrading Extracellular Enzymes in Deep Subsurface Sediments of the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna M. Schmidt ◽  
Taylor M. Royalty ◽  
Karen G. Lloyd ◽  
Andrew D. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolases ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Subsurface Sediments ◽  
The Baltic

Heterotrophic microorganisms in marine sediments produce extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze organic macromolecules, so their products can be transported inside the cell and used for energy and growth. Therefore, extracellular enzymes may mediate the fate of organic carbon in sediments. The Baltic Sea Basin is a primarily depositional environment with high potential for organic matter preservation. The potential activities of multiple organic carbon-degrading enzymes were measured in samples obtained by the International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 347 from the Little Belt Strait, Denmark, core M0059C. Potential maximum hydrolysis rates (Vmax) were measured at depths down to 77.9mbsf for the following enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, β-d-xylosidase, β-d-cellobiohydrolase, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, β-glucosidase, α-glucosidase, leucyl aminopeptidase, arginyl aminopeptidase, prolyl aminopeptidase, gingipain, and clostripain. Extracellular peptidase activities were detectable at depths shallower than 54.95mbsf, and alkaline phosphatase activity was detectable throughout the core, albeit against a relatively high activity in autoclaved sediments. β-glucosidase activities were detected above 30mbsf; however, activities of other glycosyl hydrolases (β-xylosidase, β-cellobiohydrolase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and α-glucosidase) were generally indistinguishable from zero at all depths. These extracellular enzymes appear to be extremely stable: Among all enzymes, a median of 51.3% of enzyme activity was retained after autoclaving for an hour. We show that enzyme turnover times scale with the inverse of community metabolic rates, such that enzyme lifetimes in subsurface sediments, in which metabolic rates are very slow, are likely to be extraordinarily long. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests enzyme lifetimes are, at minimum, on the order of 230days, and may be substantially longer. These results lend empirical support to the hypothesis that a population of subsurface microbes persist by using extracellular enzymes to slowly metabolize old, highly degraded organic carbon.

scholarly journals The carbon budget of the Baltic Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4841-4869 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kuliński ◽  
J. Pempkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The paper presents the results of a detailed study of the Baltic Sea's carbon budget. The Baltic is very much influenced by terrestrial carbon input. Import from the land from rivers is the largest carbon source, amounting to 10.90 Tg C yr−1 with a 37.5 % contribution from organic carbon. On the other hand, carbon is effectively exported from the Baltic to the North Sea (7.67 Tg C yr−1) and is also buried in bottom sediments (2.73 Tg C yr−1). The other sources and sinks of carbon are of minor importance. The net CO2 emission (1.05 Tg C yr−1) from the Baltic to the atmosphere was calculated as the closing term of the carbon budget presented here. There is a net loss of organic carbon, which indicates that the Baltic Sea is heterotrophic.

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