Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Affects Acetic Acid Production during Anaerobic Fermentation of Waste Activated Sludge by Altering Activity and Viability of Acetogen

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (13) ◽  
pp. 6921-6929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyang Luo ◽  
Yinguang Chen ◽  
Leiyu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Iron electrodes activating persulfate enhances acetic acid production from waste activated sludge

2020 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. 124580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxin Wu ◽  
Xuran Liu ◽  
Dongbo Wang ◽  
Yaoning Chen ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Iron Electrodes

Karakterisasi Komponen Aktif Asap Cair Cangkang Sawit Hasil Pemurnian

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Fauziati Fauziati ◽  
Eldha Sampepana
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Palm shell liquid smoke obtained by pyrolysis and redestilasi still produce a pungent smoke flavor and color of yellow to brownish yellow so that the necessary research purification of smoke that can be used as ingredients other than preservatives, such as antiseptic hand wash. The research objective is to reduce the stinging liquid smoke aroma, color is tawny and to identify the characterization of the active components of liquid smoke shell oil refining results in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The purification process of liquid smoke with redistilled at a temperature of 2000C and by adding 4.5% zeolite adsorbent made three (3) times the resulting liquid smoke of distillate and residue. Liquid smoke produced from distillate and residue are added activated charcoal as much as 9%, 10.5% and 12%, then stirred with a shaker subsequently allowed to stand for 6 days and 10 days The results of the study showed that liquid smoke purification results of the residue by the addition of activated charcoal as 12% and the time saved for 10 days (A2B2C3) gives flavor and color by 1.94 of 1.84 is odorless, yellowish white color and clarity. While the characteristics of the active components of purification results are predominantly acetic acid and phenol compounds of residues that serve as preservatives, antibacterial and antioxidant compounds while PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon), namely tar, benzoperen, gualakol and siringoll (aroma causes) undetectedABSTRAKAsap cair cangkang sawit yang diperoleh melalui proses pirolisis dan redestilasi masih menghasilkan aroma asap menyengat dan warna kuning hingga kuning kecoklatan sehingga diperlukan penelitian pemurnian asap yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan lain selain pengawet, seperti antiseptik pencuci tangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah  untuk mengurangi aroma asap cair yang menyengat, warna yang masih kuning kecoklatan dan untuk  mengidentifikasi karakterisasi komponen aktif asap cair cangkang sawit hasil pemurnian secara Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa (GC-MS). Proses  pemurnian asap cair dengan  redistilasi pada suhu 2000C dan dengan menambahkan adsorben zeolit 4,5% yang dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali  dihasilkan asap cair dari Destilat dan Residu . Asap cair  yang dihasilkan dari destilat dan residu ditambahkan arang aktif sebanyak 9%,10,5% dan 12%  kemudian diaduk dengan shaker selanjutnya didiamkan selama 6 hari dan 10 hari .Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asap cair hasil pemurnian dari residu dengan penambahan arang aktif sebanyak 12% dan waktu simpan selama 10 hari ( A2B2C3 ) memberikan aroma sebesar 1,94 dan warna sebesar 1,84 adalah tidak berbau ,  warna putih kekuningan dan jernih . Sedangkan  karakteristik  komponen aktif hasil pemurnian yang paling dominan  adalah  senyawa acetic acid dan phenol  dari residu yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pengawet, antibakteri dan antioksidan sedangkan senyawa PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) yaitu tar, benzoperen,  gualakol  dan siringoll ( penyebab aroma ) tidak terdeteksi . Kata kunci : asap cair, cangkang sawit, komponen aktif, pemurnian, redestilasi 

Induction of Secondary Metabolism by Environmental Pollutants: Metabolization of Pyrene and Formation of 6,8-Dihydroxy-3- methylisocoumarin by Crinipellis stipitaria JK 364

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 806-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Lange ◽  
Stefan Kremer ◽  
Olov Sterner ◽  
Heidrun Anke
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

In submerged cultures, when grown in the presence of pyrene. the saprophytic and plant inhabiting basidiomycete Crinipellis stipitaria was found to produce 6,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isocoumarin. The amount of 6,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin formed depended on the concentration of pyrene in the medium. In cultures incubated without pyrene or with less than 2.5 mg/l no formation of 6,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin was observed. Besides pyrene, chrysene, another four ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, induced isocoumarin formation whereas anthracene, phenanthrene or fluoranthene were not effective. During metabolization experiments with [4,5,9,10-14C]pyrene (0.4 mCi (14.8 kBq)/mmol), labelled 6.8-dihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin (specific activity 15 μCi (0.6 kBq)/mmol) was isolated, in addition labelled acetic acid (specific activity 0.1 μCi (4 Bq)/mmol) was identified. When C. stipitaria JK 364 was incubated for 14 days with 5 μCi (0.2 kBq) sodium [2-14C]acetate and 10 mg/l pyrene. labelled 6.8-dihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin was isolated from the culture. The results are in agreement with the polyketide origin of the isocoumarin and proof the breakdown of pyrene to acetate which is a central intermediate in the pathway from pyrene to 6,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin.

Fermentation Properties of Waste Activated Sludge in an Enriched NO3--N System

2011 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Wei Tang ◽  
Yong Zhen Peng ◽  
Liang Chang Zhang ◽  
Shu Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Sludge Reduction ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Anoxic Environment

In this research, NO3--N was added into the typical sludge anaerobic fermentation (TAF) of waste activated sludge (WAS), creating an anoxic environment for the growth of denitrifiers, as well as the inhibition of methanogens, therefore to insure the operation of simultaneous anoxic fermentation and denitrification (SAFD) system. Compared to TAF, SAFD can utilize the endogenous carbon source of WAS to denitrification, which achieved higher sludge reduction. Results showed that the SS, VSS in SAFD was reduced by 63.8% and 74.7%, respectively, which is obviously higher than that of 36.7% and 47.6% in TAF. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in TAF reached the top with propionic acid as dominant component in the mid-period of the fermentation; whereas that in SAFD was preferred by acetic acid in the late period. Evidenced by the variation of TN, NH4+-N and NO3--N, SAFD own a significant ability in denitrification, while the protein conversion appeared to be continuously low in this system.

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