Active Mechanism of the Interphase Film-Forming Process for an Electrolyte Based on a Sulfolane Solvent and a Chelato-Borate Complex

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 25744-25753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlei Li ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Shiyou Li ◽  
Dongni Zhao ◽  
Qiuping Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forming Process ◽  
Active Mechanism ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Borate Complex

New surface treatment techniques to minimize copper alloy leaching in drinking water

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norikazu Sugaya
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Film ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Mixed Acid ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Materials Used

This new surface treatment is simple and easy as well as low in cost. The processes can even be performed by hand. Pharmaceutical raw materials used for the surface treatment, such as hydrochloric acid and nitric acid used in a mixed acid washing process and vegetable oil used in an organic film forming process, are easily obtained in many countries.

Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells with 6.1% Efficiency through Fine-Tuning Parameters of the Film-Forming Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Chuanlang Zhan ◽  
Jiannian Yao
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Tuning Parameters ◽  
Film Forming

GRAPHITE EXPANDED AS A FILM-FORMING MATERIAL ON A STEEL SURFACE

Tribologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Aleksandra REWOLIŃSKA ◽  
Karolina PERZ ◽  
Grzegorz KINAL
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Graphite Film

The results of observational studies of the emerging graphite film on the steel surface are presented. The association – steel pin and graphite element – reciprocating motion was employed. The results show the possible mechanism of graphite film formation for the various stages of association work under various operating conditions. For a water-impregnated graphite element, the film forming process takes place faster than for a dry element.

A new mechanism of the physical film-forming process

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Krzyzanowska ◽  
Z. Hippe
Keyword(s):  
Forming Process ◽  
Film Forming

Establishment of a Model of Growing Anodizing Film on AZ91D Mg Alloy

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
Jian Gang Qian ◽  
Chun Wang ◽  
Di Li ◽  
Yu Fen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Porous Layer ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Anodic Films ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Phase Constituent ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of film-forming process of anodizing on AZ91D Mg alloy have been studied through analyses of voltage-time and thickness–time curves. The surface morphology, structure, composition and valence of element, phase constituent of anodic films have been analyzed by SEM, EDS, XPS and XRD respectively. The results show that the film-forming process can be divided into four stages: I - formation of a dense layer; II - formation of a porous layer; III - fast growth of the porous layer; IV - slow growth of the porous layer. The growing process of the dense film is characterized by the rapidly formed intact and imperforate oxide film; there are few micro-cracks in partial film formed on α phase, on the contrary, intact film is formed on β phase; the forming of porous film is based on the particulate sparking product with micro-porous structure. There are two kinds of pores in the anodic film; the first one is circular or ellipse, while the second one is the irregular gaps. The dense layer is composed mainly of MgO and small amount of Al2O3, while the porous layer mainly consists of MgSiO3 and Mg3B2O6. We propose a possible model about growing anodizing film on AZ91D Mg alloy based on the experimental results.

scholarly journals FOOD BIODEGRADABLE FILM CONTAINING CHITOSAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Sergeyi Alekseyevich Skolkov ◽  
Marina Sergeevna Moiseenko ◽  
Natalya Aleksandrovna Kirichko ◽  
Marfuga Dyusembaevna Mukatova
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Food Dye ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Minced Meat

The purpose of the study was to establish the possibility of using chitosan with a molecular mass of 19 kDa to cover the surface of the food product with a bio-degradable film. Experimental samples of the biodegradable film had in their composition glycerol transglutaminase, food dye and chitosan substituting a portion of gelatin. Chitosan used in pilot samples is a derivative from chitin which was obtained by processing the shell-containing raw material (a waste from the cutting of cooked crayfish), according to the requirements of TU 9289-003-48203178-2001. In composition of chitosan sample the water content (%) was 9, minerals 0.2 and insolubles 0.3. Chitosan was used as 2% solution in 2% acetic acid solution. The prepared solution of the film-forming composition was spread on the prepared surface and cooled at ambient temperature with further drying followed by the film-forming process. The food biodegradable film produced using the mentioned above method of chitosan application was 0.09-0.10 mm thick. It has been stated that the use of transglutaminase in food biodegradable film production improves film quality characteristics necessary for packaging materials used in the food industry. When biodegradable films are used in the food industry, molded meat products (cutlets, meatballs, sausages) from minced meat of warm-blooded animals, fish, poultry and from combined fish minced meat are wetted with the prepared film-forming composition fixed with circulating air at 25-30°C during 10 minutes. The wetting process is repeated 3-4 times to form a food biodegradable film of the required thickness on the surface of the molded product. The film produced protects the product surface prolonging its storage life and can be eaten together with the product. The film has properties of bioactive substances due to the presence of chitosan and presents an alternative to modern hardly decomposable packing materials.

scholarly journals Pyrroloquinoline based Styryl Dyes Doped PMMA, PS, and PS/TiO2 Polymer for Fluorescent Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
GANAPATI SHANKARLING ◽  
Mahesh Jachak ◽  
Rupali Bhise ◽  
Ankur Chaturvedi ◽  
Vidula Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Fluorescent Properties ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Styryl Dyes ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Fluorescent Polymers ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract This article presents two highly fluorescent donor- π -acceptor (D-π-A) moiety containing an electron-donating carbazole and phenothiazine donors fused with electron-withdrawing pyrrolo-quinoline acceptor dyes, PQC and PQPT. We also discussed the polymerization and film-forming process of dye PQC and PQPT doped in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) polymer to find their optical applications in polymer-based technology. We investigated the fluorescent properties of dyes PQC and PQPT from 0.01 – 1 wt. % in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). We also investigated the changes in the spectrum shape and shift in wavelength with changes in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and TiO2 doped in polystyrene (PS/TiO2). The analysis of surface morphology of prepared polymer samples was done with the help of a scanning electron microscope. The thermal and photostability of synthesized dyes in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and TiO2 doped in polystyrene (PS/TiO2) were investigated to get detailed information owing to the application of fluorescent polymers in the field of optoelectronic, nanohybrid coatings in solar concentrators, etc.

scholarly journals On the effect of particle surface chemistry in film stratification and morphology regulation

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (27) ◽  
pp. 6371-6378
Author(s):  
Archana Samanta ◽  
Romain Bordes
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Film Forming

The surface chemistry of silica nanoparticles and the resulting gelling tendency influence the stratification in the film forming process.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Pectin-Based Films and Their Application in Sustainable Aroma Barrier Multilayer Packaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Busra Akinalan Balik ◽  
Sanem Argin ◽  
Jose M. Lagaron ◽  
Sergio Torres-Giner
Keyword(s):  
Multilayer Film ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Coating Technology ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Ultrathin Fibers ◽  
Dark Color

Pectin was first dissolved in distilled water and blended with low contents of polyethylene oxide 2000 (PEO2000) as the carrier polymer to produce electrospun fibers. The electrospinning of the water solution of pectin at 9.5 wt% containing 0.5 wt% PEO2000 was selected as it successfully resulted in continuous and non-defected ultrathin fibers with the highest pectin content. However, annealing of the resultant pectin-based fibers, tested at different conditions, developed films with low mechanical integrity, high porosity, and also dark color due to their poor thermal stability. Then, to improve the film-forming process of the electrospun mats, two plasticizers, namely glycerol and polyethylene glycol 900 (PEG900), were added to the selected pectin solution in the 2–3 wt% range. The optimal annealing conditions were found at 150 °C with a pressure of 12 kN load for 1 min when applied to the electrospun pectin mats containing 5 wt% PEO2000 and 30 wt% glycerol and washed previously with dichloromethane. This process led to completely homogenous films with low porosity and high transparency due to a phenomenon of fibers coalescence. Finally, the selected electrospun pectin-based film was applied as an interlayer between two external layers of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) by the electrospinning coating technology and the whole structure was annealed to produce a fully bio-based and biodegradable multilayer film with enhanced barrier performance to water vapor and limonene.

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