The relationship of science-history and history of science

This article provides a substantive discussion of the relevance of the history of archeology to the history of science. At the same time, the article introduces the papers contained in this special issue as exemplars of this relevance. To make its case, the article moves through various themes in the history of archeology that overlap with key issues in the history of science. The article discusses the role and tension of regimes of science in antiquarian and archeological practices, and also considers issues of scale and place, particularly in relation to the field. Additionally, the piece attends to issues of professionalization and the constitution of an archeological public, at the same time as discussing issues of empire, colonialism, and the circulation of knowledge. Meanwhile, enriching discussions within and beyond the history of science, the article discusses the history of archeology and its relationship with museums, collecting, and material culture and materiality. Finally, the piece discusses the relationship of the history of archeology with wider discussions about scientific ethics. In conclusion, the article questions whether we should speak of ‘the history of archeology’ at all.

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Lavoisier na sala de aula: A abordagem da história da química para o ensino da lei de conservação das massas

História da Ciência e Ensino construindo interfaces ◽

10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20p63-72 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Lucas Peres Guimarães ◽

Denise Leal de Castro

Keyword(s):

Elementary Education ◽

History Of Science ◽

Conservation Of Mass ◽

Historical Episode ◽

History Of ◽

The Law ◽

The Masses ◽

Relationship Of ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship

Resumo Lavoisier na sala de aula: A abordagem da história da para o ensino da lei de conservação das massas Esse trabalho tem como principal objetivo verificar a importância da abordagem do episódio histórico de Lavoisier para o ensino da Lei da Conservação das Massas no 9o ano do ensino fundamental em uma escola municipal de Volta Redonda (RJ). Para isso, foi construída uma sequência didática que foi dividida em três momentos, totalizando quatro aulas de cinquenta minutos. O primeiro momento tem como principal objetivo mostrar a vida de Lavoisier muito além do laboratório, buscando assim demonstrar que a vida do cientista é mais do que experimentos realizados no laboratório. No segundo momento foi trabalhada a relação de Lavoisier com a Lei da Conservação das Massas, abrindo espaço para a discussão sobre a Natureza da Ciência demonstrando como foi a superação da teoria do flogisto. O terceiro momento da sequência didática foi discutida a Lei da Conservação das Massas através de um experimento investigativo em que os alunos foram convidados a pensar o experimento com as informações históricas adquiridas. Durante a sequência didática com os discentes foram colhidas as ideias prévias que estes possuíam sobre o trabalho do cientista, demonstrado o contexto e as pessoas envolvidas com o cientista e as dificuldades encontradas por ele. O uso dessa proposta didática demonstrou ser favorável a um ambiente para proporcionar a criação de hipóteses e de questionamento por parte dos educandos, demonstrando ser possível a inserção da História da Ciência no Ensino como fio condutor de uma sequência didática em uma escola pública. Palavras-chave: Lei da Conservação das Massas. História da Ciência. Ensino de Química Abstract This work has as its main objective to verify the importance of the approach of historical episode of Lavoisier for teaching the Law of Conservation of the masses in the 9th year of elementary education in a municipal school of Volta Redonda (RJ). For this reason, it was built a didactic sequence that has been divided into three times, totaling four classes of fifty minutes. The first time it has as main objective to show the life of Lavoisier far beyond the laboratory, thus seeking to demonstrate that the life of the scientist is more than experiments conducted in the laboratory. The second time was worked on the relationship of Lavoisier with the Law of Conservation of Mass, opening up space for the discussion of the nature of science by demonstrating how was the overcoming of phlogiston theory. The third moment of the didactic sequence was discussed the Law of Conservation of the masses through an investigative experiment in which students were invited to consider the experiment with historical information acquired. During the didactic sequence with the learners were harvested the previous ideas that these were the work of a scientist, demonstrated the context and the individuals involved with the scientist and the difficulties encountered by him. The use of this didactic proposal proved to be conducive to an environment for the creation of hypotheses and questions on the part of students, demonstrating that it is possible to insert in the History of Science in education as a leitmotif of a didactic sequence in a public school. Keywords: Law of Conservation of mass. History of Science. Teaching of Chemistry

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The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽

10.1017/s0094837300025707 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 6 (02) ◽

pp. 146-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

William A. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Critical Points ◽

Scleractinian Corals ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Early Triassic ◽

Rugose Corals ◽

History Of ◽

The Subject ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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Meat without Animals: Outcast Objects and the Improvement of London

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424714.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ted Geier

Keyword(s):

Animal Rights ◽

Legal Reform ◽

Meat Production ◽

History Of ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Covers the long history of the Smithfield animal market and legal reform in London. Shows the relationship of civic improvement tropes, including animal rights, to animal erasure in the form of new foodstuffs from distant meat production sites. The reduction of lives to commodities also informed public abasement of the butchers.

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From Competition to Cooperation: A History of Canada–US National Park Relations

Environment and History ◽

10.3197/096734019x15631846928783 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Terence Young ◽

Alan MacEachern ◽

Lary Dilsaver

Keyword(s):

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

The United States ◽

The Us ◽

Park Service ◽

Settler Societies ◽

History Of ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Flow Of Information ◽

The Relationship

This essay explores the evolving international relationship of the two national park agencies that in 1968 began to offer joint training classes for protected-area managers from around the world. Within the British settler societies that dominated nineteenth century park-making, the United States’ National Park Service (NPS) and Canada’s National Parks Branch were the most closely linked and most frequently cooperative. Contrary to campfire myths and nationalist narratives, however, the relationship was not a one-way flow of information and motivation from the US to Canada. Indeed, the latter boasted a park bureaucracy before the NPS was established. The relationship of the two nations’ park leaders in the half century leading up to 1968 demonstrates the complexity of defining the influences on park management and its diffusion from one country to another.

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Health and Medicine in the Islamic Tradition

American Journal of Islam and Society ◽

10.35632/ajis.v7i1.2670 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 89-90

Author(s):

Dennis Michael Warren

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Medical Care ◽

Human Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Islamic Tradition ◽

Medical Tradition ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

History Of ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The late Dr. Fazlur Rahman, Harold H. Swift Distinguished Service Professor of Islamic Thought at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, has written this book as number seven in the series on Health/Medicine and the Faith Traditions. This series has been sponsored as an interfaith program by The Park Ridge Center, an Institute for the study of health, faith, and ethics. Professor Rahman has stated that his study is "an attempt to portray the relationship of Islam as a system of faith and as a tradition to human health and health care: What value does Islam attach to human well-being-spiritual, mental, and physical-and what inspiration has it given Muslims to realize that value?" (xiii). Although he makes it quite clear that he has not attempted to write a history of medicine in Islam, readers will find considerable depth in his treatment of the historical development of medicine under the influence of Islamic traditions. The book begins with a general historical introduction to Islam, meant primarily for readers with limited background and understanding of Islam. Following the introduction are six chapters devoted to the concepts of wellness and illness in Islamic thought, the religious valuation of medicine in Islam, an overview of Prophetic Medicine, Islamic approaches to medical care and medical ethics, and the relationship of the concepts of birth, contraception, abortion, sexuality, and death to well-being in Islamic culture. The basis for Dr. Rahman's study rests on the explication of the concepts of well-being, illness, suffering, and destiny in the Islamic worldview. He describes Islam as a system of faith with strong traditions linking that faith with concepts of human health and systems for providing health care. He explains the value which Islam attaches to human spiritual, mental, and physical well-being. Aspects of spiritual medicine in the Islamic tradition are explained. The dietary Jaws and other orthodox restrictions are described as part of Prophetic Medicine. The religious valuation of medicine based on the Hadith is compared and contrasted with that found in the scientific medical tradition. The history of institutionalized medical care in the Islamic World is traced to awqaf, pious endowments used to support health services, hospices, mosques, and educational institutions. Dr. Rahman then describes the ...

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PIOPLE. INFORMATION. DEGRADATION

Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии ◽

10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-44-53 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 44-53

Author(s):

Andrey Varlamov ◽

Vladimir Rimshin

Keyword(s):

Information Theory ◽

Mathematical Theory ◽

Maximum Information ◽

Building Models ◽

Man And Nature ◽

History Of ◽

Nature And Society ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Link Information ◽

The Relationship

Considered the issues of interaction between man and nature. Noted that this interaction is fundamental in the existence of modern civilization. The question of possible impact on nature and society with the aim of preserving the existence of human civilization. It is shown that the study of this issue goes towards the crea-tion of models of interaction between nature and man. Determining when building models is information about the interaction of man and nature. Considered information theory from the viewpoint of interaction between nature and man. Noted that currently information theory developed mainly as a mathematical theory. The issues of interaction of man and nature, the availability and existence of information in the material sys-tem is not studied. Indicates the link information with the energy terms control large flows of energy. For con-sideration of the interaction of man and nature proposed to use the theory of degradation. Graphs are pre-sented of the information in the history of human development. Reviewed charts of population growth. As a prediction it is proposed to use the simplest based on the theory of degradation. Consideration of the behav-ior of these dependencies led to the conclusion about the existence of communication energy and information as a feature of the degradation of energy. It justifies the existence of border life ( including humanity) at the point with maximum information. Shows the relationship of energy and time using potential energy.

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Police Records

The Oxford Handbook of Law and Humanities ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190695620.013.34 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 797-819

Author(s):

Cristina Vatulescu

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Detective Fiction ◽

Media History ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

The Novel ◽

Police Records ◽

History Of ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This chapter approaches police records as a genre that gains from being considered in its relationships with other genres of writing. In particular, we will follow its long-standing relationship to detective fiction, the novel, and biography. Going further, the chapter emphasizes the intermedia character of police records not just in our time but also throughout their existence, indeed from their very origins. This approach opens to a more inclusive media history of police files. We will start with an analysis of the seminal late nineteenth-century French manuals prescribing the writing of a police file, the famous Bertillon-method manuals. We will then track their influence following their adoption nationally and internationally, with particular attention to the politics of their adoption in the colonies. We will also touch briefly on the relationship of early policing to other disciplines, such as anthropology and statistics, before moving to a closer look at its intersections with photography and literature.

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Anthropological communities of interpretation for Burma: An overview

Journal of Southeast Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022463408000192 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 239-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

U Chit Hlaing

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Field Of Study ◽

Anthropological Theory ◽

History Of ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Way

AbstractThis paper surveys the history of anthropological work on Burma, dealing both with Burman and other ethnic groups. It focuses upon the relations between anthropology and other disciplines, and upon the relationship of such work to the development of anthropological theory. It tries to show how anthropology has contributed to an overall understanding of Burma as a field of study and, conversely, how work on Burma has influenced the development of anthropology as a subject. It also tries to relate the way in which anthropology helps place Burma in the broader context of Southeast Asia.

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‘There Must Be a Poetry of Sound That None of Us Knows…’: Early British documentary film and the prefiguring of musique concrète

Organised Sound ◽

10.1017/s1355771817000085 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 172-186

Author(s):

Geoffrey Cox

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Electronic Music ◽

Documentary Film ◽

Post Office ◽

Coal Face ◽

Avant Garde ◽

History Of ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Musique Concrete

Standard histories of electronic music tend to trace the lineage of musique concrète as lying mainly in the Futurists’ declarations of the 1910s, through Cage’s ‘emancipation’ of noise in the 1930s, to Schaeffer’s work and codifications of the late 1940s and early 1950s. This article challenges this narrative by drawing attention to the work of filmmakers in the 1930s that foreshadowed the sound experiments of Pierre Schaeffer and thus offers an alternative history of their background. The main focus of the article is on the innovations within documentary film and specifically the sonic explorations in early British documentary that prefigured musique concrète, an area ignored by electronic music studies. The theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of the documentary movement’s members, particularly their leader John Grierson, will be compared with those of Pierre Schaeffer, and the important influence of Russian avant-garde filmmaking on the British (and musique concrète) will be addressed. Case studies will focus on the groundbreaking soundtracks of two films made by the General Post Office Film Unit that feature both practical and theoretical correspondences to Schaeffer: 6.30 Collection (1934) and Coal Face (1935). Parallels between the nature and use of technologies and how this affected creative outputs will also be discussed, as will the relationship of the British documentary movement’s practice and ideas to post-Schaefferian ‘anecdotal music’ and the work of Luc Ferrari.

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