Evaluating Enhanced Sulfate Reduction and Optimized Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) Composition in Anaerobic Reactor by Fe (III) Addition

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 2123-2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Liu ◽  
Yaobin Zhang ◽  
Bing-Jie Ni
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor

Evaluation of titration methods for volatile fatty acids measurement: effect of the bicarbonate interference and feasibility for the monitoring of anaerobic reactors

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. T. Mota ◽  
F. S. Santos ◽  
T. A. Araújo ◽  
M. C. S. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability

The analysis of volatile fatty acids (VFA) is of utmost importance for monitoring the stability of anaerobic reactors. For routine control, titration methods are advantageous because of their simplicity, speed and low cost. However, bicarbonate, which is usually present in relatively high concentrations in anaerobic reactors, influences the potentiometric titration. In this paper, the methods of Ripley, Kapp, DiLallo, DiLallo with modified calculations, and DiLallo with sonication were evaluated regarding the effects of bicarbonate interference and their suitability for monitoring an anaerobic reactor containing high concentrations of organic matter and bicarbonate. Standard solutions with various combinations of acetic acid and bicarbonate, ranging from 100 to 4,000 mg/l, and anaerobically treated stillage containing VFA in concentrations between 5,500 and 30 mg/l were analyzed. The methods of DiLallo and Kapp were little affected by sodium bicarbonate interference, unlike Ripley's and DiLallo's methods with sonication, which overestimated VFA concentrations as the relative concentrations of bicarbonate were high compared to the acids. When the anaerobic reactor was starting, the Ripley, Kapp, DiLallo and modified DiLallo methods were statistically equal. As the system achieved stability, with VFA levels up to 200 mg/l, Ripley's method gave significantly higher VFA values. Among the methods evaluated, Kapp and original DiLallo presented the closest results, indicating their feasibility for analysis of VFA over a wide concentration range. Kapp's method stands out due to its greater simplicity and standardization.

scholarly journals Use of Acetate, Propionate, and Butyrate for Reduction of Nitrate and Sulfate and Methanogenesis in Microcosms and Bioreactors Simulating an Oil Reservoir

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Chen ◽  
Yin Shen ◽  
Dongshan An ◽  
Gerrit Voordouw
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Good Proxy ◽  
Nitrate Dose

ABSTRACT Acetate, propionate, and butyrate (volatile fatty acids [VFA]) occur in oil field waters and are frequently used for microbial growth of oil field consortia. We determined the kinetics of use of these VFA components (3 mM each) by an anaerobic oil field consortium in microcosms containing 2 mM sulfate and 0, 4, 6, 8, or 13 mM nitrate. Nitrate was reduced first, with a preference for acetate and propionate. Sulfate reduction then proceeded with propionate (but not butyrate) as the electron donor, whereas the fermentation of butyrate (but not propionate) was associated with methanogenesis. Microbial community analyses indicated that Paracoccus and Thauera (Paracoccus-Thauera), Desulfobulbus, and Syntrophomonas-Methanobacterium were the dominant taxa whose members catalyzed these three processes. Most-probable-number assays showed the presence of up to 107/ml of propionate-oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in waters from the Medicine Hat Glauconitic C field. Bioreactors with the same concentrations of sulfate and VFA responded similarly to increasing concentrations of injected nitrate as observed in the microcosms: sulfide formation was prevented by adding approximately 80% of the nitrate dose needed to completely oxidize VFA to CO2 in both. Thus, this work has demonstrated that simple time-dependent observations of the use of acetate, propionate, and butyrate for nitrate reduction, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis in microcosms are a good proxy for these processes in bioreactors, monitoring of which is more complex. IMPORTANCE Oil field volatile fatty acids acetate, propionate, and butyrate were specifically used for nitrate reduction, sulfate reduction, and methanogenic fermentation. Time-dependent analyses of microcosms served as a good proxy for these processes in a bioreactor, mimicking a sulfide-producing (souring) oil reservoir: 80% of the nitrate dose required to oxidize volatile fatty acids to CO2 was needed to prevent souring in both. Our data also suggest that propionate is a good substrate to enumerate oil field SRB.

scholarly journals Effect of Biowaste Sludge Maturation on the Diversity of Thermophilic Bacteria and Archaea in an Anaerobic Reactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 2566-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goberna ◽  
H. Insam ◽  
I. H. Franke-Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Prokaryotic Diversity ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Stable Community

ABSTRACT Prokaryotic diversity was investigated near the inlet and outlet of a plug-flow reactor. After analyzing 800 clones, 50 bacterial and 3 archaeal phylogenetic groups were defined. Clostridia (>92%) dominated among bacteria and Methanoculleus (>90%) among archaea. Significant changes in pH and volatile fatty acids did not invoke a major shift in the phylogenetic groups. We suggest that the environmental filter imposed by the saline conditions (20 g liter−1) selected a stable community of halotolerant and halophilic prokaryotes.

Unravelling a microbial synergy to boost caproate production via carboxylates chain elongation with ethanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Ling Leng ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Peixian Yang ◽  
Takashi Narihiro ◽  
Masaru Konishi Nobu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Chain elongation of volatile fatty acids for medium chain fatty acids production (e.g. caproate) is an attractive approach to treat wastewater anaerobically and recover resource simultaneously. Undefined microbial consortia can be tailored to achieve chain elongation process with selective enrichment from anaerobic digestion sludge, which has advantages over pure culture approach for cost-efficient application. Whilst the metabolic pathway of the dominant caproate producer, Clostridium kluyveri, has been annotated, the role of other coexisting abundant microbiomes remained unclear. To this end, an ethanol-acetate fermentation inoculated with fresh digestion sludge at optimal conditions was conducted. Also, physiological study, thermodynamics and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to elucidate the biological process by linking the system performance and dominant microbiomes were integrated. Results revealed a possible synergistic network in which C. kluyveri and three co-dominant species, Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Fusobacterium varium and Acetoanaerobium sticklandii coexisted. D. vulgaris and A. sticklandii (F. varium) were likely to boost the carboxylates chain elongation by stimulating ethanol oxidation and butyrate production through a syntrophic partnership with hydrogen (H2) serving as an electron messenger. This study unveils a synergistic microbial network to boost caproate production in mixed culture carboxylates chain elongation.

МЕТАБОЛИТЫ ПРОБИОТИЧЕСКИХ БАКТЕРИЙ ОТВЕЧАЮТ ЗА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ДЕЙСТВИЯ ПРОБИОТИКА "ПРОФОРТ®"

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Bacillus Sp

МЕЛИКИДИ В.Х., ТЮРИНА Д.Г., СЕЛИВАНОВ Д.Г., НОВИКОВА Н.И. ООО «БИОТРОФ», Санкт-Петербург Аннотация: Приведены данные исследования методом газожидкостной хроматомасс-спектрометрии метаболитов, синтезируемых пробиотическими бактериями, входящими в состав кормовой добавки «Профорт®». Проведен опыт в условиях интенсивного промышленного птицеводства по применению кормовой добавки «Профорт®» (50 тыс. голов бройлеров в группе). Среди метаболитов пробиотических штаммов Enterococcus sp. и Bacillus sp. обнаружены такие полезные вещества, как молочная кислота, уксусная, пропионовая и другие короткоцепочечные (летучие) жирные кислоты, активные пептиды. Результаты зоотехнического опыта показали, что при скармливании бройлерам пробиотика «Профорт®» (500 г/т) живая масса при убое в 40 дней была выше контроля на 6,9%, конверсия корма улучшилась на 3,0%, а европейский индекс продуктивности бройлеров - на 5,69%. Ключевые слова: ПРОБИОТИКИ, МЕТАБОЛИТЫ, ЛЕТУЧИЕ ЖИРНЫЕ КИСЛОТЫ, ЦЫПЛЯТА-БРОЙЛЕРЫ,ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ, PROBIOTICS, METABOLITES, VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS, BROILER CHICKS,PRODUCTIVITY

Studies on the Levels of Volatile Fatty Acids for Growing-Fattening Lambs

1962 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Essig ◽  
U. S. Garrigus ◽  
B. Connor Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids

Effect of Dietary Volatile Fatty Acids on Nitrogen Balance in Chickens.

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-351
Author(s):  
Hiroshi KAMISOYAMA ◽  
Zeng-Tao SUN ◽  
Mineo HASHIGUCHI ◽  
Yutaka ISSHIKI
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids

Biological sulfate removal in an acidogenic bioreactor with an ultrafiltration membrane system

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mizuno ◽  
H. Takagi ◽  
T. Noike
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Sulfate Concentration ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Chemostat Reactor

The biological sulfate removal in the acidogenic bioreactor with an ultrafiltration membrane system was investigated at 35°C. Sucrose was used as the sole organic substrate. The sulfate concentration in the substrate ranged from 0 to 600mgS·1−1. The chemostat reactor was operated to compare with the membrane bioreactor. The fouling phenomenon caused by FeS precipitate was observed at higher concentration of sulfate. However, it was possible to continuously operate the membrane bioreactor by cleaning the membrane. The efficiency of sulfate removal by sulfate reduction reached about 100% in the membrane bioreactor, and 55 to 87% of sulfide was removed from the permeate by the membrane filtration. The composition of the metabolite was remarkably changed by the change in sulfate concentration. When the sulfate concentration increased, acetate and 2-proponol significantly increased while n-butyrate and 3-pentanol decreased. The sulfate-reducing bacteria play the role as acetogenic bacteria consuming volatile fatty acids and alcohols as electron donors under sulfate-rich conditions. The results show that the acidogenesis and sulfate reduction simultaneously proceed in the membrane bioreactor.

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