Phosphorus Removal from Anaerobic Supernatants:  Start-Up and Steady-State Conditions of a Fluidized Bed Reactor Full-Scale Plant

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Battistoni ◽  
Barbara Paci ◽  
Francesco Fatone ◽  
Paolo Pavan
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Start Up

scholarly journals Evaluasi Rangkaian Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) dan Micro Bubble Generator (MBG) untuk Pengolahan Air Lindi Sampah

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Wiratni Budhijanto ◽  
Sholahuddin Al Ayyubi ◽  
Khalid Abdul Latif
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Micro Bubble ◽  
Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor

Abstrak. Timbulan air lindi adalah masalah serius pada tempat pengolahan sampah akhir (TPA) di Indonesia. Kandungan komponen organik pada sampah Indonesia yang mencapai 70-75% dari total timbulan sampah menyebabkan tingginya produksi lindi sebagai cairan hasil pembusukan. Studi ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan proses pembersihan air lindi dengan rangkaian proses anaerob yang diikuti dengan proses aerob pada skala mini pilot plant. Peruraian anaerobik dijalankan dalam anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) dengan media imobilisasi mikroorganisme yang difluidisasi. Tahap selanjutnya adalah proses peruraian secara aerob dengan aerasi menggunakan micro bubble generator (MBG). Pilot plant yang didirikan di tempat pengolahan akhir (TPA) Piyungan di Yogyakarta ini terdiri atas AFBR dengan volume 500 L dan bak aerasi dengan MBG berukuran 500 L. Pengamatan data kualitas air (soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) dan volatile fatty acid (VFA)) pada input/output AFBR dan input/output MBG serta volume biogas yang dihasilkan di AFBR dilakukan secara berkala selama 70 hari start-up di mana reaktor mulai dioperasikan secara kontinu setelah inokulasi secara batch dan 50 hari operasional pada kondisi steady state. Walaupun telah dioperasikan selama lebih dari sebulan, performa AFBR setelah tercapai kondisi steady state belum optimal karena baru mencapai kurang lebih 30% pengurangan kandungan senyawa organik. Performa yang lebih baik teramati pada proses aerob dengan aerasi menggunakan MBG. Proses tersebut berhasil menurunkan sCOD sampai 60%. Studi awal ini menunjukkan bahwa rangkaian AFBR dan MBG berpotensi untuk mengatasi masalah pencemaran air lindi di TPA. Optimalisasi kinerja unit ini terutama ditentukan oleh proses start-up yang dipengaruhi oleh teknik inokulasi. Kata Kunci: fluidisasi, imobilisasi mikrobia, lindi, peruraian aerob, peruraian anaerob, sampah. Abstract. Evaluation of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) and Micro Bubble Generator (MBG) for Landfill Leachate Treatment. Landfill leachate emission is a very serious problem in Indonesian landfill sites. High organic fraction in Indonesian garbage, which accounts for 70-75% of total municipal solid waste amount, emits high flow rate of leachate as the result of decay process. This study aims to optimize landfill leachate treatment by means of anaerobic process followed by aerobic process. The anaerobic digestion was carried out in AFBR in which microbial immobilization media was fluidized. The next stage was aerobic digestion by applying novel aeration technology using MBG. The pilot plant was installed in Piyungan Landfill Site in Yogyakarta, which consisted of 500 L AFBR and 500 L MBG units. Observation was conducted periodically for 70 days of start-up when the unit was operated continuously after batch inoculation followed by 50 days of steady-state operation. The measurement was taken as soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) on the input/output of AFBR and input/output of MBG. The biogas volume production in the AFBR was also measured. AFBR performance was not optimal since even after achieving a steady state condition (for one-month operation), it could only reduce less than 30% organic content. A better performance was observed in the aerobic process where MBG was used for the aeration. It could reduce 60% of sCOD. This preliminary study showed that the coupling of AFBR and MBG units is potential for landfill leachate treatment. Optimization of this unit depended on the inoculation technique during the start-up period. Keywords: aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, fluidization, landfill leachate, microbial immobilization, municipal solid waste. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Evaluasi Hydraulic Retention Time (Hrt) Terhadap Removal Chemical Demand (Cod) Dalam Pengolahan Air Lindi Menggunakan Aerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Elli Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Start Up

Sampah merupakan masalah utama disetiap kota besar di indonesia. Tumpukan sampah menghasilkan air lindi dengan kandungan organik yang tinggi. Beban organik yang tinggi dan meningkatnya laju alir lindi memerlukan kolam aerasi yang luas untuk mengolah lindi. Salah satu metode pengolahan air lindi yang tepat dan efisien dengan menggunakan proses anaerobik. Anaerobic Fludized Bed Reaktor (AFBR) merupakan salah satu reactor anaerobic dengan efisiensi tinggi. Zeolit digunakan sebagai media imobilisasi bakteri untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pengolahan secara anaerobic pada reactor AFBR. Penyesuaian model kinetika dilakukan pada tahap awal menggunakan data reactor fase batch untuk diaplikasikan pada AFBR fase continyu. Model kinetika untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) terhadap removal Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) AFBR dengan zeolit sebagai media imobilisasi. Eksperimen dilakukan dalam tiga fase, yaitu fase batch, fase start-up, dan fase steady state. Fase batch bertujuan untuk menentukan konstanta model kinetika. Fase start-up bertujuan untuk memverifikasi konstanta model yang ditentukan dengan data batch pada AFBR saat masa start up. Fase steady state bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh HRT selama reactor beroperasi. Reaktor AFBR mencapai kondisi steady state tercepat pada HRT 10 dengan removal COD 73,40%. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa mikroorganisme tidak mengalami washout bahkan pada laju beban organik yang lebih tinggi sehingga mikroorganisme dapat menstabilkan populasinya. Data menunjukkan bahwa sCOD effluen (SCODeff) lindi TPA Piyungan mencapai nilai terendah pada kisaran 2.000 – 2.500 mg/L, Produksi biogas mengikuti fluktuasi nilai sCODeff. Pada kondisi steady state, nilai ini tidak dipengaruhi oleh HRT.

Biomass Characterization in a Nitrification-Denitrification Biological Enhanced Phosphorus Removal (NDBEPR) Plant during Start-Up and Subsequent Periods of Good and Poor Phosphorus Removal

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Lindrea ◽  
S. P. Pigdon ◽  
B. Boyd ◽  
G. A. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Intracellular Distribution ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Plant Operation ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Biomass Characterization

During commissioning and process stabilization of a NDBEPR plant at Bendigo intracellular distribution and movement of phosphorus, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ was followed to establish the nature of biomass development. The system was also monitored at the end of a period of breakdown of the BEPR process and during its return to phosphorus removal. Phosphorus (P) and Mg2+ distribution in the biomass were closely related during all phases of plant operation, and laboratory trials indicated that the poor performance of the full-scale plant was associated with seasonal reduction in influent Mg2+. Laboratory scale trials produced a similar effect when the influent Mg2+ was limited to concentrations much lower than those experienced in the full scale plant, but only after the Mg2+ and P reserves in the biomass were depleted. The distribution of P, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the biomass from the full scale plant was similar to that seen in the laboratory trials when cations in the feed were severely limited and recovery of the full scale plant also closely matched that of the laboratory scale system.

Biofilm development during the start-up of a sulfate-reducing down-flow fluidized bed reactor at different COD/SO42− ratios and HRT

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Z. Piña-Salazar ◽  
F. J. Cervantes ◽  
M. Meraz ◽  
L. B. Celis
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Suspended Biomass ◽  
High Sulfate ◽  
Biofilm Development

In sulfate-reducing reactors, it has been reported that the sulfate removal efficiency increases when the COD/SO42− ratio is increased. The start-up of a down-flow fluidized bed reactor constitutes an important step to establish a microbial community in the biofilm able to survive under the operational bioreactor conditions in order to achieve effective removal of both sulfate and organic matter. In this work the influence of COD/SO42− ratio and HRT in the development of a biofilm during reactor start-up (35 days) was studied. The reactor was inoculated with 1.6 g VSS/L of granular sludge, ground low density polyethylene was used as support material; the feed consisted of mineral medium at pH 5.5 containing 1 g COD/L (acetate:lactate, 70:30) and sodium sulfate. Four experiments were conducted at HRT of 1 or 2 days and COD/SO42− ratio of 0.67 or 2.5. The results obtained indicated that a COD/SO42− ratio of 2.5 and HRT 2 days allowed high sulfate and COD removal (66.1 and 69.8%, respectively), whereas maximum amount of attached biomass (1.9 g SVI/L support) and highest sulfate reducing biofilm activity (10.1 g COD-H2S/g VSS-d) was achieved at HRT of 1 day and at COD/sulfate ratios of 0.67 and 2.5, respectively, which suggests that suspended biomass also played a key role in the performance of the reactors.

The Efficiency of Phosphorus Removal of Synthetic Wastewater through Struvite Crystallization in an Aerated Fluidized Bed Reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Susmardi Masti Casoni ◽  
Chandra Wahyu Purnomo ◽  
Muslikhin Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Influent Flow ◽  
Mgcl2 Solution ◽  
P Removal

The high organic material contained in wastewater released into the environment asresults of various sources of human activities, such as phosphorus, can cause eutrophication. Thestruvite crystallization in an aerated fluidized bed reactor is one of the methods which able toimprove the efficiency of phosphorus removal. In this study, a mixture of synthetic wastewaters andthe MgCl2 solution was treated in a fluidized bed reactor equipped with aeration to produce thestruvite which can be utilized as a slow release fertilizer. Subsequently, the effect of aeration atdifference influent flow rate was investigated to correlate with the changing of phosphorusconcentration in the reactor effluent. The experiments were conducted for 240 minutes with thevariation of aeration are 0.5 L/min to 1.5 L/min; variation of influent flow rate of syntheticwastewater is 150 ml/min to 350 ml/min, with a constant influent flow rate of MgCl2 solution is 50ml/min. These solutions were maintained at the condition of pH 9. The results showed that theoptimal efficiency of phosphor removal which accounted for 82.5% occurred when the aeration rateof 1.5 L/min in the influent flow rate of 150 ml/min. From these findings, it is revealed that theefficiency of P removal in wastewater is obtained by a crystallization process which utilizing anaerated fluidized bed reactor and by increasing the aeration rate and the reactants contact time.

Population dynamics of biofilm development during start-up of a butyrate-degrading fluidized-bed reactor

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Zellner ◽  
Michael Geveke ◽  
Everly Conway de Macario ◽  
Hans Diekmann
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Biofilm Development

Kinetics of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor using biolite carrier

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Prakash ◽  
K. J. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Kinetics Of

Start-up and steady state operation of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs) with biolite as the inert carrier material was studied. Start-up and concomitant biofilm development of AFBRs was performed using two common start-up techniques, the maximum efficiency profile (MEP) technique and the maximum load profile (MLP) technique. The MEP start-up technique increases the volumetric organic loading rates to the reactor gradually and is tied to the removal efficiency of the process. The MLP start-up technique maintains a moderately high but constant volumetric organic loading rate irrespective of reactor performance. Using sucrose-based wastewater as feed, both start-up techniques led to equally fast biofilm development and start-up times of approximately 5 weeks. However, the MEP technique resulted in more stable controlled reactor operation during the start-up period. The quick start-up confirms the high compatibility of biolite for bio-adhesion and the development of a healthy active biofilm.High concentrations of biofilm biomass achieved in AFBRs (69 g volatile biofilm solids (VBS)/L of expanded bed volume at an organic loading rate of 25 g COD/(Lùd)) allowed the successful treatment of wastewaters at high organic loading rates and organic removal efficiencies. During steady state experiments, organic removal efficiencies over 80% were obtained for organic loading rates as high as 20 g COD/(L∙d). It was found that the dependence of removal efficiency on hydraulic retention time is influenced by substrate concentration. Total biofilm yield was determined to be 0.08 g VBS/g COD removed, demonstrating the low net synthesis of solids in the AFBR. AFBRs had an average solids retention time of 150 days, corresponding to a washout factor of 0.01. Extrinsic kinetics of the AFBRs was determined to be zero order with a maximum specific utilization rate of 0.48 g COD/(g VBS∙d).AFBRs used to treat municipal landfill leachate with a BOD5:COD ratio of 0.86 achieved steady state COD removal efficiencies that ranged from 70% to 87%, depending on the reactor organic loading rate and the concentration of the leachate being treated. During leachate treatment, biofilm biomass gradually became "mineralized" as a result of precipitation of metal sulfides and carbonates. This eventually resulted in a decrease in biofilm microbial activity and the need for higher pumping rates to maintain the same degree of bed expansion. Key words: anaerobic, biological fluidized bed reactor, biolite, landfill leachate, sucrose, modeling, start-up, steady state kinetics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document