Investigations of Flame-Retarded Thermoplastic Poly(imide–urethane)s with Intumescent Flame Retardants

Polypropylene (PP) and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) were treated with intumescent flame retardants containing caged bicyclic phosphates. The behavior of thermal degradation of the flame-retarded PP and EVA were studied by TG, DSC, and the FTIR spectra of PP’s residues at different temperature were recorded. In addition, the possible thermal degradation and char formation mechanisms were analyzed and discussed.

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Improving the Performance of Intumescent Flame Retarded Polypropylene with Nano-ZrO2

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.32 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 150-151 ◽

pp. 32-35

Author(s):

Xin Long Wang ◽

Liang Hu Wu

Keyword(s):

Cone Calorimeter ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Flame Retardance ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Thermal Gravimetric ◽

Flame Retarded ◽

Synergistic Agent ◽

Intumescent Flame Retardants ◽

Scanning Electron

Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and pentaerythritol(PTL) were used as intumescent flame retardants to improve the flame retardance of polypropylene(PP). As a synergistic agent, nano-ZrO2 was incorporated into the composites at different proportions. The synergistic effects of nano-ZrO2 were studied by cone calorimeter tests and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), it was evident that nano-ZrO2 efficiently promoted the formation of charred layers with phosphocarbonaceous structures and enhanced the flame retardance of the composites.

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Flame retarded polyethylene/wood flour composites with high performances: Satisfying both sides with intumescent flame retardants and synergistic compatibilizers, respectively

Polymer Composites ◽

10.1002/pc.23970 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 569-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Haoqun Hong ◽

Hao Liu ◽

Haiyan Zhang ◽

Hui He ◽

Tao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardants ◽

Wood Flour ◽

Flame Retarded ◽

Intumescent Flame Retardants

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Thermal Degradation Characteristic and Flame Retardancy of Polylactide-Based Nanobiocomposites

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23102648 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2648 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kuruma Malkappa ◽

Jayita Bandyopadhyay ◽

Suprakas Ray

Keyword(s):

Thermal Degradation ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

High Performance ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Degradable Polymers ◽

Melt Blending ◽

Degradation Characteristic ◽

Sustainable Materials ◽

Fire Properties ◽

Intumescent Flame Retardants

Polylactide (PLA) is one of the most widely used organic bio-degradable polymers. However, it has poor flame retardancy characteristics. To address this disadvantage, we performed melt-blending of PLA with intumescent flame retardants (IFRs; melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol) in the presence of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), which resulted in nanobiocomposites with excellent intumescent char formation and improved flame retardant characteristics. Triphenyl benzyl phosphonium (OMMT-1)- and tributyl hexadecyl phosphonium (OMMT-2)-modified MMTs were used in this study. Thermogravimetric analysis in combination with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that these nanocomposites release a smaller amount of toxic gases during thermal degradation than unmodified PLA. Melt-rheological behaviors supported the conclusions drawn from the cone calorimeter data and char structure of the various nanobiocomposites. Moreover, the characteristic of the surfactant used for the modification of MMT played a crucial role in controlling the fire properties of the composites. For example, the nanocomposite containing 5 wt.% OMMT-1 showed significantly improved fire properties with a 47% and 68% decrease in peak heat and total heat release rates, respectively, as compared with those of unmodified PLA. In summary, melt-blending of PLA, IFR, and OMMT has potential in the development of high-performance PLA-based sustainable materials.

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Effects of heterionic montmorillonites on flame resistances of polystyrene nanocomposites and the flame retardant mechanism

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998317724861 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (10) ◽

pp. 1295-1303 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yijiao Xue ◽

Mingxia Shen ◽

Fengling Lu ◽

Yongqin Han ◽

Shaohua Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Infrared Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Flame Resistance ◽

Cone Calorimeter Test ◽

Intumescent Flame Retardants ◽

Thermal Stability Of ◽

Better Than

To improve the flame resistance of polystyrene, three kinds of organophilic heterionic montmorillonites (Na-montmorillonite, Ca-montmorillonite, and Fe-montmorillonite) reinforced polystyrene nanocomposites were prepared by melt dispersion method. The structure and composition of the organo montmorillonites were characterized by using X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared analysis. The adhesion between organo montmorillonites and polystyrene was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The flame resistance and thermal stability of the polystyrene/organo montmorillonites were evaluated by cone calorimeter test and thermogravimetric analysis. The interlayer space of organo montmorillonites increased with the increase of the oxidation state of the cations. With the addition of organo montmorillonites, the peak values of all the flame resistance indexes of the polystyrene/organo montmorillonites nanocomposites decreased, among which the PHRR values have decreased the most, compared with those of polystyrene. Their corresponding test times have all been delayed following almost precisely the same trend. Therefore, their flame retardant ability come from their lamellated structures, their charring forming abilities, and the reducing power of Fe3+ in polystyrene/Fe-montmorillonite. Organo montmorillonites mainly act as a kind of intumescent flame retardants. The flame resistance of polystyrene/Na-montmorillonite nanocomposite was the best, and the polystyrene/Ca-montmorillonite came second, which is slightly better than that of polystyrene/Fe-montmorillonite.

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