Ripening-Induced Changes in Grape Skin Proanthocyanidins Modify Their Interaction with Cell Walls

This work investigated the structural, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of grape skin cell wall during ripening, related to susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea. The comparative study between the two main grape cultivars in Champagne region, Pinot noir and Chardonnay, quantified: (1) the maturity and physical profile of grape skin; (2) the morphological characteristics; (3) soluble pectic polysaccharides located in grape skin cell walls; and (4) the gene expression of the two main degrading enzymes (VvPME1 and VvPG1) and PME activity. During the maturation period, the grape skins of the two cultivars appear different in their structure and composition. Chardonnay is characterized by higher relative humidity (RH) and level of VvPG1 expression, lower disease incidence and penetrometry values, and thicker cell walls than Pinot noir skins. Thus, the cell wall composition is sufficiently different between grape varieties from the same area to allow their discrimination and could be used to better manage the harvest date.

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Colonial growth and ramihyphin A — Induced changes in cell walls ofNeurospora sitophila

Folia Microbiologica ◽

10.1007/bf02876903 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 274-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

V. Betina ◽

J. Hudec ◽

Z. Baráth ◽

L. Ulický

Keyword(s):

Cell Walls ◽

Induced Changes

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Elevated CO2-induced changes in mesophyll conductance and anatomical traits in wild type and carbohydrate-metabolism mutants of Arabidopsis

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/erz208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (18) ◽

pp. 4807-4818 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yusuke Mizokami ◽

Daisuke Sugiura ◽

Chihiro K A Watanabe ◽

Eriko Betsuyaku ◽

Noriko Inada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Elevated Co2 ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Starch Content ◽

Mesophyll Conductance ◽

Wild Type ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Wall Mass ◽

Mesophyll Resistance

Abstract Decreases in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance (gs), and mesophyll conductance (gm) are often observed under elevated CO2 conditions. However, which anatomical and/or physiological factors contribute to the decrease in gm is not fully understood. Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and carbon-metabolism mutants (gwd1, pgm1, and cfbp1) with different accumulation patterns of non-structural carbohydrates were grown at ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2. Anatomical and physiological traits of leaves were measured to investigate factors causing the changes in gm and in the mesophyll resistance (expressed as the reciprocal of mesophyll conductance per unit chloroplast surface area facing to intercellular space, Sc/gm). When grown at elevated CO2, all the lines showed increases in cell wall mass, cell wall thickness, and starch content, but not in leaf thickness. gm measured at 800 ppm CO2 was significantly lower than at 400 ppm CO2 in all the lines. Changes in Sc/gm were associated with thicker cell walls rather than with excess starch content. The results indicate that the changes in gm and Sc/gm that occur in response to elevated CO2 are independent of non-structural carbohydrates, and the cell wall represents a greater limitation factor for gm than starch.

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Auxin-Induced Changes in Noncellulosic Polysaccharides of Cell Walls of Monocot Coleoptiles and Dicot Stems

Proceedings in Life Sciences - Plant Growth Substances 1979 ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-67720-5_7 ◽

1980 ◽

pp. 79-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Y. Masuda

Keyword(s):

Cell Walls ◽

Induced Changes

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Development of a method for the extraction and analysis of grape skin proteins strongly bound to cell walls

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2013.47.2.1544 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

Grégory Pasquier ◽

Delphine Lapaillerie ◽

Jean-William Dupuy ◽

Anne-Marie Lomenech ◽

Stéphane Claverol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Bioinformatic Analysis ◽

Soluble Proteins ◽

Cell Wall Proteins ◽

Grape Skin ◽

Skin Cell ◽

Grape Skins ◽

Cellular Aggregates

Aim: To better understand the protein composition of grape skin cell walls, we have developed a method to analyse the strongly bound cell wall proteins.Methods and results: The protocol was developed with grape skins at full maturity. The critical steps of this protocol were : (i) the elimination of cellular aggregates, (ii) the elimination of soluble proteins, and (iii) the localization of the identified proteins within the cell wall. To verify whether these three conditions were met, the decrease in the quantity of cellular aggregates was followed by optical microscopy, the removal of soluble proteins was measured by chemical assay, and the presence of proteins located in cell walls was demonstrated by extensive bioinformatic analysis. The process made it possible to obtain a four-fold reduction in the amount of cellular aggregates, a reduction in the concentration of soluble proteins below the method detection limit, and a high proportion of proteins predicted to be secreted (79 %).Conclusion: The protocol described in this paper constitutes the first method to analyse proteins strongly bound to cell walls in grape skins. However, this method excludes the identification of labile proteins or proteins weakly bound to the cell wall.Significance and impact of the study: This protocol can be used for studying the role that strongly bound cell wall proteins play in development and defense processes in grape skins.

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