Why Do Sulfuric Acid Coatings Influence the Ice Nucleation Properties of Mineral Dust Particles in the Atmosphere?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 1232-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yang ◽  
Allan K. Bertram ◽  
Keng C. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Dust Particles

scholarly journals Ice nucleation by surrogates for atmospheric mineral dust and mineral dust/sulfate particles at cirrus temperatures

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3391-3436 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Archuleta ◽  
P. J. DeMott ◽  
S. M. Kreidenweis
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Diffusion Chamber ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Nucleation Behavior ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Homogeneous Freezing

Abstract. This study examines the potential role of some types of mineral dust and mineral dust with sulfuric acid coatings as heterogeneous ice nuclei at cirrus temperatures. Commercially-available nanoscale powder samples of aluminum oxide, alumina-silicate and iron oxide were used as surrogates for atmospheric mineral dust particles, with and without multilayer coverage of sulfuric acid. A sample of Asian dust aerosol particles was also studied. Measurements of ice nucleation were made using a continuous-flow ice-thermal diffusion chamber (CFDC) operated to expose size-selected aerosol particles to temperatures between −45 and −60°C and a range of relative humidity above ice-saturated conditions. Pure metal oxide particles supported heterogeneous ice nucleation at lower relative humidities than those required to homogeneously freeze sulfuric acid solution particles at sizes larger than about 50 nm. The ice nucleation behavior of the same metal oxides coated with sulfuric acid indicate heterogeneous freezing at lower relative humidities than those calculated for homogeneous freezing of the diluted particle coatings. The effect of soluble coatings on the ice activation relative humidity varied with the respective uncoated core particle types, but for all types the heterogeneous freezing rates increased with particle size for the same thermodynamic conditions. For a selected size of 200 nm, the natural mineral dust particles were the most effective ice nuclei tested, supporting heterogeneous ice formation at an ice relative humidity of approximately 135%, irrespective of temperature. Modified homogeneous freezing parameterizations and theoretical formulations are shown to have application to the description of heterogeneous freezing of mineral dust-like particles with soluble coatings.

scholarly journals Ice nucleation of bare and sulfuric acid-coated mineral dust particles and implication for cloud properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (16) ◽  
pp. 9993-10011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gourihar Kulkarni ◽  
Cassandra Sanders ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Liu ◽  
Chun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Cloud Properties

scholarly journals Ice nucleation by surrogates for atmospheric mineral dust and mineral dust/sulfate particles at cirrus temperatures

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2617-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Archuleta ◽  
P. J. DeMott ◽  
S. M. Kreidenweis
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Diffusion Chamber ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Nucleation Behavior ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Homogeneous Freezing

Abstract. This study examines the potential role of some types of mineral dust and mineral dust with sulfuric acid coatings as heterogeneous ice nuclei at cirrus temperatures. Commercially-available nanoscale powder samples of aluminum oxide, alumina-silicate and iron oxide were used as surrogates for atmospheric mineral dust particles, with and without multilayer coverage of sulfuric acid. A sample of Asian dust aerosol particles was also studied. Measurements of ice nucleation were made using a continuous-flow ice-thermal diffusion chamber (CFDC) operated to expose size-selected aerosol particles to temperatures between -45 and -60°C and a range of relative humidity above ice-saturated conditions. Pure metal oxide particles supported heterogeneous ice nucleation at lower relative humidities than those required to homogeneously freeze sulfuric acid solution particles at sizes larger than about 50 nm. The ice nucleation behavior of the same metal oxides coated with sulfuric acid indicate heterogeneous freezing at lower relative humidities than those calculated for homogeneous freezing of the diluted particle coatings. The effect of soluble coatings on the ice activation relative humidity varied with the respective uncoated core particle types, but for all types the heterogeneous freezing rates increased with particle size for the same thermodynamic conditions. For a selected size of 200 nm, the natural mineral dust particles were the most effective ice nuclei tested, supporting heterogeneous ice formation at an ice relative humidity of approximately 135%, irrespective of temperature. Modified homogeneous freezing parameterizations and theoretical formulations are shown to have application to the description of heterogeneous freezing of mineral dust-like particles with soluble coatings.

scholarly journals Integrating laboratory and field data to quantify the immersion freezing ice nucleation activity of mineral dust particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. DeMott ◽  
A. J. Prenni ◽  
G. R. McMeeking ◽  
R. C. Sullivan ◽  
M. D. Petters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Calibration Factor ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Immersion Freezing ◽  
Nucleation Activity

Abstract. Data from both laboratory studies and atmospheric measurements are used to develop an empirical parameterization for the immersion freezing activity of natural mineral dust particles. Measurements made with the Colorado State University (CSU) continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) when processing mineral dust aerosols at a nominal 105% relative humidity with respect to water (RHw) are taken as a measure of the immersion freezing nucleation activity of particles. Ice active frozen fractions vs. temperature for dusts representative of Saharan and Asian desert sources were consistent with similar measurements in atmospheric dust plumes for a limited set of comparisons available. The parameterization developed follows the form of one suggested previously for atmospheric particles of non-specific composition in quantifying ice nucleating particle concentrations as functions of temperature and the total number concentration of particles larger than 0.5 μm diameter. Such an approach does not explicitly account for surface area and time dependencies for ice nucleation, but sufficiently encapsulates the activation properties for potential use in regional and global modeling simulations, and possible application in developing remote sensing retrievals for ice nucleating particles. A calibration factor is introduced to account for the apparent underestimate (by approximately 3, on average) of the immersion freezing fraction of mineral dust particles for CSU CFDC data processed at an RHw of 105% vs. maximum fractions active at higher RHw. Instrumental factors that affect activation behavior vs. RHw in CFDC instruments remain to be fully explored in future studies. Nevertheless, the use of this calibration factor is supported by comparison to ice activation data obtained for the same aerosols from Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics of the Atmosphere (AIDA) expansion chamber cloud parcel experiments. Further comparison of the new parameterization, including calibration correction, to predictions of the immersion freezing surface active site density parameterization for mineral dust particles, developed separately from AIDA experimental data alone, shows excellent agreement for data collected in a descent through a Saharan aerosol layer. These studies support the utility of laboratory measurements to obtain atmospherically relevant data on the ice nucleation properties of dust and other particle types, and suggest the suitability of considering all mineral dust as a single type of ice nucleating particle as a useful first-order approximation in numerical modeling investigations.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous ice nucleation on dust particles sourced from nine deserts worldwide – Part 2: Deposition nucleation and condensation freezing

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1059-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Boose ◽  
Philipp Baloh ◽  
Michael Plötze ◽  
Johannes Ofner ◽  
Hinrich Grothe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Nucleation Behavior ◽  
Crystal Water ◽  
Desert Dust

Abstract. Mineral dust particles from deserts are amongst the most common ice nucleating particles in the atmosphere. The mineralogy of desert dust differs depending on the source region and can further fractionate during the dust emission processes. Mineralogy to a large extent explains the ice nucleation behavior of desert aerosol, but not entirely. Apart from pure mineral dust, desert aerosol particles often exhibit a coating or are mixed with small amounts of biological material. Aging on the ground or during atmospheric transport can deactivate nucleation sites, thus strong ice nucleating minerals may not exhibit their full potential. In the partner paper of this work, it was shown that mineralogy determines most but not all of the ice nucleation behavior in the immersion mode found for desert dust. In this study, the influence of semi-volatile organic compounds and the presence of crystal water on the ice nucleation behavior of desert aerosol is investigated. This work focuses on the deposition and condensation ice nucleation modes at temperatures between 238 and 242 K of 18 dust samples sourced from nine deserts worldwide. Chemical imaging of the particles' surface is used to determine the cause of the observed differences in ice nucleation. It is found that, while the ice nucleation ability of the majority of the dust samples is dominated by their quartz and feldspar content, in one carbonaceous sample it is mostly caused by organic matter, potentially cellulose and/or proteins. In contrast, the ice nucleation ability of an airborne Saharan sample is found to be diminished, likely by semi-volatile species covering ice nucleation active sites of the minerals. This study shows that in addition to mineralogy, other factors such as organics and crystal water content can alter the ice nucleation behavior of desert aerosol during atmospheric transport in various ways.

Influence of organic and biogenic substances on the ice nucleation properties of mineral dust particles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Klumpp ◽  
Claudia Marcolli ◽  
Thomas Peter
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Biogenic Substances ◽  
Immersion Freezing ◽  
Mixed Phase Clouds ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity

<p>The formation of ice in mixed phase clouds occurs in the presence of aerosol particles with the ability to nucleate ice on their surface. These ice-nucleating particles (INPs) represent usually a small fraction of particles in an atmospheric aerosol. One of the main particle types which act as INPs are mineral dust particles. Among other factors, the accumulation of semivolatile substances on the particle surface can alter the ice nucleation properties of such particles.</p><p>In recent immersion freezing experiments, we investigated the influence of organic acids, amino acids and polyols on the highly ice nucleation active K-feldspar microcline. Microcline dust was suspended in solutions of the above-mentioned substances and frozen in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). These experiments give us insight into the ice nucleation characteristics of the particles in the presence of the tested organic and biogenic substances. Our measurements show an overall decrease in ice nucleation activity of microcline in the presence of organic acids and amino acids. <br><br></p>

scholarly journals Chemical processing does not always impair heterogeneous ice nucleation of mineral dust particles

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (24) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Sullivan ◽  
Lorena Miñambres ◽  
Paul J. DeMott ◽  
Anthony J. Prenni ◽  
Christian M. Carrico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation

scholarly journals Influence of particle size on the ice nucleating ability of mineral dusts

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 6705-6715 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Welti ◽  
F. Lüönd ◽  
O. Stetzer ◽  
U. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Dependence ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Mineral Dusts ◽  
Measured Activation ◽  
Formation Efficiency

Abstract. The recently developed Zurich Ice Nucleation Chamber (ZINC) was used to explore ice nucleation of size-selected mineral dust particles at temperatures between −20°C and −55°C. Four different mineral dust species have been tested: montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite and Arizona test dust (ATD). The selected particle diameters are 100 nm, 200 nm, 400 nm and 800 nm. Relative humidities with respect to ice (RHi) required to activate 1% of the dust particles as ice nuclei (IN) are reported as a function of temperature. An explicit size dependence of the ice formation efficiency has been observed for all dust types. 800 nm particles required the lowest RHi to activate. Deposition nucleation below water saturation was found only below −30°C or −35°C dependent on particle size. Minimum RHi for 1% activation were 105% for illite, kaolinite and montmorillonite at −40°C, respectively 110% for ATD at −45°C. In addition, a possible parameterisation for the measured activation spectra is proposed, which could be used in modeling studies.

scholarly journals Irreversible loss of ice nucleation active sites in mineral dust particles caused by sulphuric acid condensation

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 11471-11487 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Sullivan ◽  
M. D. Petters ◽  
P. J. DeMott ◽  
S. M. Kreidenweis ◽  
H. Wex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Surface Sites ◽  
Active Surface Sites ◽  
Acid Coating

Abstract. During the FROST-2 (FReezing Of duST) measurement campaign conducted at the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS), we investigated changes in the ice nucleation properties of 300 nm Arizona Test Dust mineral particles following thermochemical processing by varying amounts and combinations of exposure to sulphuric acid vapour, ammonia gas, water vapour, and heat. The processed particles' heterogeneous ice nucleation properties were determined in both the water subsaturated and supersaturated humidity regimes at −30 °C and −25 °C using Colorado State University's continuous flow diffusion chamber. The amount of sulphuric acid coating material was estimated by an aerosol mass spectrometer and from CCN-derived hygroscopicity measurements. The condensation of sulphuric acid decreased the dust particles' ice nucleation ability in proportion to the amount of sulphuric acid added. Heating the coated particles in a thermodenuder at 250 °C – intended to evaporate the sulphuric acid coating – reduced their freezing ability even further. We attribute this behaviour to accelerated acid digestion of ice active surface sites by heat. Exposing sulphuric acid coated dust to ammonia gas produced particles with similarly poor freezing potential; however a portion of their ice nucleation ability could be restored after heating in the thermodenuder. In no case did any combination of thermochemical treatments increase the ice nucleation ability of the coated mineral dust particles compared to unprocessed dust. These first measurements of the effect of identical chemical processing of dust particles on their ice nucleation ability under both water subsaturated and mixed-phase supersaturated cloud conditions revealed that ice nucleation was more sensitive to all coating treatments in the water subsaturated regime. The results clearly indicate irreversible impairment of ice nucleation activity in both regimes after condensation of concentrated sulphuric acid. This implies that the sulphuric acid coating caused permanent chemical and/or physical modification of the ice active surface sites; the possible dissolution of the coating during droplet activation did not restore all immersion/condensation-freezing ability.

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