INFLUENCE OF BIOGENIC SUBSTANCES ADDING INTO MOLASSES SOLUTIONS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES SYNTHESIS

Побочный продукт сахарного производства – свекловичная меласса используется в микробиологической промышленности в качестве компонента высокопродуктивного субстрата для культивирования микроорганизмов, синтезирующих биологически активные вещества. На наш взгляд, перспективна предварительная подготовка мелассы путем ее насыщения биогенными веществами, повышающими эффективность жизнедеятельности микроорганизмов. Для подтверждения этого исследовано влияние внесения биогенных веществ в растворы свекловичной мелассы при их обработке на жизнедеятельность микроорганизмов, способствующих повышению синтеза витамина В2 и жиров. Объектами исследования были раствор свекловичной мелассы с массовой долей сухих веществ 78% и 3 штамма микроорганизмов – Bacillus subtilis B-501, Cryptococcus curvatus Y-2236 и Rhodotorula glutinis Y-332. Анализ исходного содержания макро- и микроэлементов в растворе свекловичной мелассы позволил установить, что содержащихся в мелассе биогенных веществ достаточно для жизнедеятельности Bacillus subtilis B-501 с удельной выработкой витамина В2 в количестве 0,019 г/г сахаров при степени утилизации сахаров 42,55%. Для повышения эффективности жизнедеятельности Rhodotorula glutinis Y-332 требуется внесение сульфатов железа FeSO4 и марганца MnSO4, которые способствуют увеличению удельной выработки жиров с 0,019 до 0,030 г/г сахара в каждом случае. Для повышения эффективности жизнедеятельности Cryptococcus curvatus Y-2236 требуется внесение сульфатов железа FeSO4 и марганца MnSO4, а также источников фосфора KH2PO4 и азота (NH4)2SO4. Внесение указанных биогенных веществ способствует повышению удельной выработки жиров с 0,011 до 0,015–0,020 г/г сахаров. A byproduct of sugar production – beet molasses is used in the microbiological industry as a component of a highly productive substrate for the cultivation of microorganisms that synthesize biologically active substances. In our opinion, the preliminary preparation of molasses by its saturation with biogenic substances to increase the efficiency of the vital activity of microorganisms is promising. To confirm this, the effect of introducing biogenic substances into the solution of beet molasses during their processing on the vital activity of microorganisms that contribute to the increase in the synthesis of vitamin B2 and fats has been studied. The objects of the study were a solution of beet molasses with a mass fraction of dry substances of 78% and 3 strains of microorganisms – Bacillus subtilis B-501, Cryptococcus curvatus Y-2236 and Rhodotorula glutinis Y-332. Analysis of the initial content of macro-and microelements in the solution of beet molasses allowed us to establish that the nutrients contained in the molasses are sufficient for the vital activity of Bacillus subtilis B-501 with a specific production of vitamin B2 in the amount of 0,019 g/g of sugars with a degree of sugar utilization of 42,55%. To improve the vital efficiency of the Rhodotorula glutinis Y-332, the addition of ferrous FeSO4 and manganese MnSO4 sulfates is required, which increase the fats specific production from 0,019 to 0,030 g/g of sugars in each case. To improve the vital efficiency of the Cryptococcus curvatus Y-2236 the addition of ferrous FeSO4 and manganese MnSO4 sulfates, as well as sources of phosphorus KH2PO4 and nitrogenium (NH4)2SO4is required. Adding these nutrients contributes the increase of fats specific production from 0,011 to 0,015–0,020 g/g of sugars.

Chlorella vulgaris in wastewater treatment processes – practical experience

Wastewater from human settlements contains a significant amount of organic and biogenic substances. Insufficiently treated wastewater enters surface water and leads to their eutrophication. The usage of microalgae in wastewater treatment has significant advantages in comparison with other methods of removing biogenic substances. Namely: effective and simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus without reagents management facilities, oxygen formation. Using microalgae in wastewater treatment is a new environmentally friendly biotechnological method. Microalgae grow well in wastewater, from which they absorb pollutants. The purpose of the study is to analyze the work and determine the possibility of intensification of sewage treatment plants in the western region of Ukraine with a population of about 18,900 inhabitants. Productivity of treatment plant is 3400 m3/day. Experimental investigation consisted in adding a concentrate of a living microalgae strain of the species Chlorella vulgaris to the wastewater that was entered to the treatment plant during May-September 2019. During the research, the results of wastewater analyzes conducted by the chemical laboratory of the municipal water supply and sewerage company were used. The results of the survey and analysis of the city's treatment plant indicate an insufficient degree of wastewater treatment. The effectiveness of Chlorella vulgaris at the treatment plant has been experimentally proven. Mathematical dependences of the effect of wastewater treatment (using Chlorella vulgaris) on their temperature according to the indicators: BOD5, COD, concentration of ammonium nitrogen, phosphates and suspended solids were obtained. Dependencies are described by a linear function that characterizes the general behavior of the obtained data. The obtained results made it possible to significantly reduce the negative impact of treatment plants on the environment.

Influence of organic and biogenic substances on the ice nucleation properties of mineral dust particles

<p>The formation of ice in mixed phase clouds occurs in the presence of aerosol particles with the ability to nucleate ice on their surface. These ice-nucleating particles (INPs) represent usually a small fraction of particles in an atmospheric aerosol. One of the main particle types which act as INPs are mineral dust particles. Among other factors, the accumulation of semivolatile substances on the particle surface can alter the ice nucleation properties of such particles.</p><p>In recent immersion freezing experiments, we investigated the influence of organic acids, amino acids and polyols on the highly ice nucleation active K-feldspar microcline. Microcline dust was suspended in solutions of the above-mentioned substances and frozen in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). These experiments give us insight into the ice nucleation characteristics of the particles in the presence of the tested organic and biogenic substances. Our measurements show an overall decrease in ice nucleation activity of microcline in the presence of organic acids and amino acids. <br><br></p>

Methods of GI modeling of biogenic substances removal to the Gulf of Finland from forest vegetation cover

Biogenic pollution of water bodies and their eutrophication is one of the most serious environmental problems of our time. One of the sources of water pollution with biogenic substances is forests, which belong to the background sources of biogenic load. Currently available methods for assessing the removal of nutrients from the forest vegetation cover do not provide the desired results, which causes an urgent need for their improvement. This article describes the method developed by the authors of geoinformation modeling of removal of biogenic substances from the forest vegetation cover to water bodies, taking into account the spatial distribution of vegetation in the catchment area, its species composition and absorption of biogenic substances during their migration. The Eastern part of the Gulf of Finland was adopted as the object of testing of the developed method. this is due to the fact that eutrophication processes are actively manifested within its water area. The volume of the background biogenic load on the Gulf of Finland, formed during the decomposition of the fall of the natural vegetation cover in the catchment area, was determined based on the specific removal of biogenic substances from plant communities and their absorption during migration “plant community — water object”. The total background biogenic load on the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland, formed as a result of decomposition of natural vegetation cover, was 170.21 t/year for the northern catchment for nitrogen, 12.14 t/year for phosphorus, and 207.31 t/year for the southern catchment for nitrogen , and 15.68 t/year for phosphorus. The data obtained do not contradict the results of other authors who study the background biogenic load on the Gulf of Finland. The method can be effectively used in the development of measures to reduce the nutrient load on water bodies and planning of economic activities in catchments.

Aspects of the modern biogens runoff formation in the central part of the Russian Plain

The removal of biogenic substances (mineral nitrogen and phosphorus) from river catchments and its modern aspects of formation are considered. A rough estimate of the annual water-biogenic balance for the Linda and Kudma river catchments, which are the tributaries of the Cheboksary reservoir, and the river catchments of the Kursk region is presented. It is shown that the diffuse removal of biogens from river catchments exceeds their removal into water bodies with wastewater. Not only anthropogenic, but also natural factors play an important role in the biogens export to the rivers and waterbodies. Resent changes in biogens removal from catchments are assessed.