The Effect of Irradiance on Hill Reaction Activity of Atrazine-resistant and -susceptible Biotypes of Weeds

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
M. Kornerova ◽  
D. Hola ◽  
D. Chodova
Keyword(s):  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Hill Reaction Activity

Bentazon Selectivity in Hot Pepper (Capsicum chinense) and Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora M. Baltazar ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco ◽  
David M. Peele
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Hill Reaction Activity

The susceptibility of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuumL. ‘Keystone Resistant Giant’) and tolerance of hot pepper (Capsicum chinenseL. ‘Bohemian Chili’) to bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] was demonstrated under greenhouse and field conditions. Sweet pepper growth and fruit production were inhibited by foliar applications of bentazon at rates of 0.6 to 6.7 kg ai/ha. Severity of injury increased with application rate. Injury symptoms in sweet pepper were leaf chlorosis, with necrosis and death of shoot apices. Foliar applications of bentazon to hot pepper resulted in little or no injury. Bentazon inhibited Hill reaction activity of isolated chloroplasts from both species to a similar extent, suggesting that selectivity of this compound in hot pepper is not due to resistance at the chloroplast level.

Die Wirkung von UV-Strahlen auf die Lipochinon-Pigment-Zusammensetzung isolierter Spinatchloroplasten / Effect of uv-light on the lipoquinone and pigment composition of isolated spinach chloroplasts

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler ◽  
Manfred Tevini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Spinach Chloroplasts ◽  
Pigment System ◽  
Cyclic Photophosphorylation ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Hill Reaction Activity

The changes in quinone and pigment composition of isolated spinach chloroplasts were investigated after treatment with UV-light of 254 mμ, which is known to decrease the Hill- reaction activity. The plastidquinones are more UV-sensitive than carotenoids (except neoxanthin) and chlorophylls. Neoxanthin, reduced plastoquinone 45 and α-tocopherol function consecutively as lipid antioxidants and are first destroyed. The latter are oxidized to the corresponding quinones plastoquinone 45 and α-tocoquinone, which thus seem to be less UV-sensitive. The decrease of the Hillreaction activity runs parallel with the decomposition of plastoquinol (= Plastohydrochinon) and not with that of plastoquinone as has been assumed so far. This indicates that plastoquinol is needed for performance of the Hill - reaction.The naphthoquinone vitamin K1, bound to the pigment system I of photosynthesis, is less UV-sensitive than the plastidquinones of the benzoquinone type which are associated mainly with the pigment system II. The possible function of vitamin K1 as one natural cofactor of cyclic photophosphorylation is discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nutrient Deficiencies on the Hill Reaction of Isolated Chloroplasts From Tomato

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Spencer ◽  
JV Possingham
Keyword(s):  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Isolated Chloroplasts ◽  
Hill Reaction Activity

Tomato plants were grown deficient in each known essential macro- and micronutrient (except chlorine) and the effect of each deficiency on the Hill reaction activity of chloroplasts isolated from these plants was studied.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAF CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE, HILL REACTION ACTIVITY AND 14C-ATRAZINE TRACER STUDIES TO EXPLAIN DIFFERENTIAL ATRAZINE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN WILD TURNIP RAPE (Brassica campestris) BIOTYPES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ALI ◽  
V. SOUZA MACHADO
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Hill Reaction Activity

Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence in susceptible B. campestris L. plants was greatly enhanced and the Hill reaction activity of isolated chloroplasts was inhibited by 10−4 M atrazine. The herbicide did not produce similar responses in resistant plants. 14C-atrazine was used to determine if, in addition, there were differences in uptake, translocation, and metabolism of the herbicide by the susceptible and resistant biotypes. The 14C-atrazine in nutrient solution was readily taken up by the roots of both biotypes and was rapidly translocated to the shoot. The 14C-atrazine was quickly metabolized and after a 24-h period 56 and 63% of the extractable radioactivity in susceptible and resistant plants, respectively, was present as metabolites, the major one being 2-hydroxyatrazine. Following a foliar application, less than 1% of the applied radioactivity moved into other parts of the plant. These results clearly show that triazine resistance in wild turnip rape is based in the chloroplast and that uptake, translocation, and metabolism of the herbicide play no decisive role in selectivity between the susceptible and resistant biotypes.Key words: Atrazine selectivity, Brassica campestris, chlorophyll fluorescence, Hill reaction, atrazine metabolism.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Improves Photosynthesis and Restores Alteration in Sugar Metabolism in Triticum aestivum L. Grown in Arsenic Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samta Gupta ◽  
Sarda Devi Thokchom ◽  
Rupam Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Hill Reaction Activity ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Contamination of agricultural soil by arsenic (As) is a serious menace to environmental safety and global food security. Symbiotic plant–microbe interaction, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), is a promising approach to minimize hazards of As contamination in agricultural soil. Even though the potential of AM fungi (AMF) in redeeming As tolerance and improving growth is well recognized, the detailed metabolic and physiological mechanisms behind such beneficial effects are far from being completely unraveled. The present study investigated the ability of an AM fungus, Rhizophagus intraradices, in mitigating As-mediated negative effects on photosynthesis and sugar metabolism in wheat (Triticum aestivum) subjected to three levels of As, viz., 0, 25, and 50 mg As kg–1 of soil, supplied as sodium arsenate. As exposure caused significant decrease in photosynthetic pigments, Hill reaction activity, and gas exchange parameters such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration. In addition, As exposure also altered the activities of starch-hydrolyzing, sucrose-synthesizing, and sucrose-degrading enzymes in leaves. Colonization by R. intraradices not only promoted plant growth but also restored As-mediated impairments in plant physiology. The symbiosis augmented the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, enhanced Hill reaction activity, and improved leaf gas exchange parameters and water use efficiency of T. aestivum even at high dose of 50 mg As kg–1 of soil. Furthermore, inoculation with R. intraradices also restored As-mediated alteration in sugar metabolism by modulating the activities of starch phosphorylase, α-amylase, β-amylase, acid invertase, sucrose synthase, and sucrose-phosphate synthase in leaves. This ensured improved sugar and starch levels in mycorrhizal plants. Overall, the study advocates the potential of R. intraradices in bio-amelioration of As-induced physiological disturbances in wheat plant.

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