Content of Mineral Elements in Rat Liver Tissue with Acquired Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Combination with Iodine

The purpose of the study was to determine the content of mineral elements in the hepatocytes of rats with insulin resistance, obesity, iodine deficiency, insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency and obesity in combination with iodine deficiency. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 90 white nonlinear rats weighing 120-180 g, which were divided into five experimental groups: rats with insulin resistance (1st experimental group, n = 15), animals with iodine deficiency (2nd experimental group), animals with insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency (3rd experimental group, n = 15), obese animals (4th experimental group, n = 15), obese animals in combined with iodine deficiency (5th experimental group, n = 15). The control group consisted of 15 intact rats. The content of Fe, Ca, Cu, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cr in the liver homogenate was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry on a SPECORD M 40 spectrophotometer (Germany). Results and discussion. In animals with insulin resistance, there was a decrease in the content of copper in the liver by 26.9%, in animals with iodine deficiency the content of this trace element increased by 20.5%, and in the group of animals with insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency it increased by 10.1%. The iron content in the group of animals with insulin resistance is higher in relation to the control by 33.7%, in the group of animals with iodine deficiency – by 38.5%, in animals with insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency – by 40.8%. Regarding the content of Calcium, in the liver homogenate of animals with insulin resistance it is higher compared to the control by 24%, in animals of the second experimental group –by 26.4%, in animals of the 3rd experimental group – by 22%. The Magnesium content in animals with insulin resitance is lower compared to the control by 19%, in animals with iodine deficiency – by 25.5%, in animals with insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency – by 29%. As for Zinc, no significant fluctuations in the content of this trace element were detected. In animals of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups it is lower compared to the control by 10%, 15% and 11.1%, respectively. The Manganese content in animals with insulin resistance is lower compared to the control by 13.6%, in animals with iodine deficiency – by 18.2%, in animals with insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency – by 14.8%. With regard to chromium, we found a probable decrease in the concentration of this trace element in animals of the group with insulin resistance by 48%, in animals of the 2nd experimental group – by 57.5%, in animals of the 3rd experimental group – by 58%. In the group of animals with obesity and obesity in combined with iodine deficiency we found an increase in copper content compared to the control by 27.4% and 36.2%, respectively. The iron content in animals with obesity exceeds the control by 34.8%, in the group of animals with obesity in combined with iodine deficiency – by 38.4%. Regarding the content of Calcium, in animals with obesity it is higher by 25.7%, and in animals with obesity in combined with iodine deficiency – by 28.4% compared to the control. Magnesium content in animals with obesity is lower by 27.3% compared to the control group, and in animals with obesity in combined with iodine deficiency – by 28.4%. Regarding Zinc, no significant fluctuations in the content of this trace element were detected. In animals of the 4th and 5th experimental groups it is lower compared to the control by 18.4% and 23.5%, respectively. The content of Manganese in the group of animals with obesity decreased by 14.8%, and in the group with obesity in combined with iodine deficiency the content of this trace element decreased by 16.2% compared to the control. With regard to chromium, we found a probable decrease in the concentration of this trace element in animals of the group with obesity by 58.1% and in the group of animals with obesity in combined with iodine deficiency by 56.2%. Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate changes in the content of mineral elements in groups of animals with insulin resistance, iodine deficiency, insulin resistance in combination with iodine deficiency, obesity and obesity in combination with iodine deficiency

Sensitivity to Mn content mechanical properties of phase composition of ADI

The effect of manganese content on the phase composition and mechanical properties was studied on ADI materials that are isothermally quenchеd at different temperatures. ADI samples with Mn content of 0.78% and 0.24% were analyzed. The final structure of the cast iron was created by austenitizing heating at 900 ° C for 30 minutes. and subsequent isothermal quenching in liquid tin at temperatures of 310, 330, 350, 380 ° C for samples with high manganese content and at 350, 370 ° C for samples with low content. It is shown that increasing the manganese content increases the amount of residual austenite under the same quenching conditions. This enhances the positive role of the TRIP effect on the hardening processes. In particular, ADI with a high content of Mn show a higher rate of strengthening at the initial region of loading diagram, higher hardness and increased damping capacity. Instead, due to the embrittlement action of manganese, such materials have lower mechanical characteristics, which determined fracture moment. It was found that for the same quenching conditions, deformation to fracture and toughness are reduced by half on samples with higher manganese content. The negative effect of manganese on the fatigue is less significant, because the embrittlement action is compensated by phase transformations in the crack head, which inhibits its spread under cyclic loading. Due to the fact that manganese enhances the positive role of the TRIP effect but decrease fracture résistance, it is proposed to use ADI materials with high Mn content in products that operate in conditions of wear but are not subject to extreme stress. Keywords: ADI materials, manganese alloying, isothermal hardening, TRIP effect, retained austenite, strengthening, hardness. damping capacity.

Mechanical Properties of Aluminum 5083 Alloy GMA Welds with Different Magnesium and Manganese Content of Filler Wires

Gas metal arc welding of aluminum 5083 alloys was performed using three new welding wires with different magnesium and manganese contents and compared with commercial aluminum 5183 alloy filler wire. To investigate the effect of magnesium and manganese contents on the mechanical properties of welds, mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile strength, bending, and microhardness tests. In addition, the microstructure and chemical composition were analyzed to compare the differences between each weld. The tensile strengths of welds using aluminum alloy filler wires with a magnesium content of 7.33 wt.% (W1) and 6.38 wt.% (W2), respectively, were similar. The tensile strength and hardness of welds using wires with a similar magnesium content, but a different manganese content of 0.004 wt.% (W2) and 0.46 wt.% (W3), respectively, were higher in the wire with a high manganese content. Through various mechanical and microstructural property analyses, when the magnesium content of the filler wire was 6 wt.% or more, the manganese content, rather than the magnesium content, had a dominant effect on the strengthening of the weld.

Hydrothermal Sphalerites from Ore Deposits of Baia Mare Area

Sphalerite is an abundant mineral in the hydrothermal deposits from the Baia Mare and Oaș areas (northwestern Romania). Sphalerite samples were analyzed with an electron probe microanalyzer and Raman spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated different amounts of Fe in the various deposits from the Baia Mare and Oaș areas. The sphalerites from Baia Sprie, Cavnic, Iba, Turț Penigher, and Breiner have a low Fe wt.% content. High Fe wt.% contents are at Herja and partly at Ghezuri and Nistru (copper stage) where sphalerite is associated with pyrrhotite. The correlation between iron and zinc from sphalerites is strongly negative. The negative correlation shows that iron is the main element that replaces zinc in the sphalerite structure. The manganese content of sphalerites in the Baia Mare and Oaș area is up to 0.84 wt.%. The cadmium content is quite uniform in the Baia Mare and Oaș area with contents ranging from 0.01 to 0.72 wt.%. The Fe content of sphalerites is an important indicator of the physico-chemical conditions of deposit formation because it is a function of temperature, pressure, and sulfur fugacity.

Evaluation of photocatalytic activities in decomposition of methylene blue in aqueous solution of Mn-ZIF-8 and Mn@Zn

In the present study, manganese modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Mn-ZIF-8) and zinc-manganese bimetallic oxides (denoted as Mn@Zn), which was formed by Mn-ZIF-8 heat treatment, had been prepared and applied as photocatalysts to decompose methylene blue (MB) under UV radiation. The influence of manganese content on the structure of ZIF-8, as well as the temperature and heat treatment time of Mn-ZIF-8 material to produce Mn@Zn with high photocatalytic activity was investigated. Results showed that all Mn-ZIF-8 samples have photocatalytic activity, but the MB decomposition efficiency of Mn-ZIF-8 samples were lower than pure ZIF-8. The suitable condition for heat treatment of Mn-ZIF-8 to produce Mn@Zn with high photocatalytic activity was at 500 ºC for 5 hours. However, the MB decomposition efficiency of this sample only reached 22% after 180 minutes of UV radiation.

Processing and production of pellets from poor-grade manganese-containing raw materials

there is a review of current researches in the processing of poor-grade manganese raw materials. The variety of manganese minerals caused by the valent state of metal in compounds is demonstrated. Different processing methods for manganese-containing mineral and technogenic raw materials are considered. The process of extraction of manganese from ferruginous manganese ore using reduction roasting and magnetic separation, beneficiation technology of poor-grade manganese ore to improve the ratio of Mn/Fe; processes of beneficiation and sintering of fine ferruginous manganese ore with low manganese content; production of agglomerate from the concentrate of manganese poor-grade ore to produce ferrosilicon manganese are described. Results of the authors researches intended to obtain concentrate from manganese-containing sludge and to produce hardened pellets suitable for melting into ferromanganese on its basis using a new component of the binder are presented.

The Effectiveness of the Sizerebotif Multimedia Filter Method in Improving the Quality of Dug Well Water to be Clean Water for Communities in Sinjai Regency

BACKGROUND: Based on the results of laboratory examinations, initial samples taken from one of the clean water sources (dug wells) in Biringere Village, North Sinjai District, results showed that the water sample contained high enough metal ions such as Fe, Mn, hardness, and organic substances which did not meet the requirements as clean water because it still contained levels of Manganese (Mn) 1.68 mg/l. Meanwhile, for organic substances (KMnO4), it is 9876 mg/l. AIM: The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of multimedia filters in improving quality of clean water from the parameters of Mn and KMnO4 in clean water sources (dug wells).. METHODS: The type of research conducted is quasi-experimental by made a filtering processing method with a “Up Flow” flow system, using media consisting of silica sand, zeolite, resin (pine resin), and active carbon in PVC tubes. The population in this study were all dug wells in North Sinjai district. The samples were dug wells located on Biringere Village, North Sinjai District. The samples examined in Center for Environmental Health and disease control of Makassar. RESULTS: The results obtained were that there was a significant change in manganese (Mn) levels of 0.49 mg/l (80.37%). Meanwhile, organic substances (MnO4) amounted to 17.38 mg/l (70.02%). CONCLUSION: Decreasing levels of manganese (Mn) in well water after going through the multimedia filter process above show that the manganese content has met the standard requirements of the Minister of Health Regulation No. 32 of 2017.

Cyclic Crack Growth in Chemically Tailored Isotropic Austenitic Steel Processed by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion

The present study analyzes the cyclic crack propagation behavior in an austenitic steel processed by electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB). The threshold value of crack growth as well as the crack growth behavior in the Paris regime were studied. In contrast to other austenitic steels, the building direction during PBF-EB did not affect the crack propagation rate, i.e., the crack growth rates perpendicular and parallel to the building direction were similar due to the isotropic microstructure characterized by equiaxed grains. Furthermore, the influence of significantly different building parameters was studied and, thereby, different energy inputs causing locally varying manganese content. Crack growth behavior was not affected by these changes. Even a compositional gradation within the same specimen, i.e., crack growth through an interface of areas with high and areas with low manganese content, did not lead to a significant change of the crack growth rate. Thus, the steel studied is characterized by a quite robust cyclic crack growth behavior independent from building direction and hardly affected by typical parameter deviations in the PBF-EB process.

Bioleaching of Manganese Oxides at Different Oxidation States by Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus niger

This work aimed to examine the bioleaching of manganese oxides at various oxidation states (MnO, MnO·Mn2O3, Mn2O3 and MnO2) by a strain of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger, a frequent soil representative. Our results showed that the fungus effectively disintegrated the crystal structure of selected mineral manganese phases. Thereby, during a 31-day static incubation of oxides in the presence of fungus, manganese was bioextracted into the culture medium and, in some cases, transformed into a new biogenic mineral. The latter resulted from the precipitation of extracted manganese with biogenic oxalate. The Mn(II,III)-oxide was the most susceptible to fungal biodeterioration, and up to 26% of the manganese content in oxide was extracted by the fungus into the medium. The detected variabilities in biogenic oxalate and gluconate accumulation in the medium are also discussed regarding the fungal sensitivity to manganese. These suggest an alternative pathway of manganese oxides’ biodeterioration via a reductive dissolution. There, the oxalate metabolites are consumed as the reductive agents. Our results highlight the significance of fungal activity in manganese mobilization and transformation. The soil fungi should be considered an important geoactive agent that affects the stability of natural geochemical barriers.