Simultaneous lineups, sequential lineups, and showups: Eyewitness identification decisions of adults and children.

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. L. Lindsay ◽  
Joanna D. Pozzulo ◽  
Wendy Craig ◽  
Kang Lee ◽  
Samantha Corber
Keyword(s):  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Sequential Lineups ◽  
Simultaneous Lineups ◽  
Adults And Children

scholarly journals Eyewitness Identification and Distinctive Features: When Similarity Matters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal K. Mansour ◽  
Jennifer L Beaudry
Keyword(s):  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Sequential Lineups ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Simultaneous Lineups ◽  
Innocent Suspect ◽  
Mock Crime

In four experiments, we investigated theoretical and practical issues around eyewitness identification accuracy and confidence for tattooed suspects. We varied how tattoos were treated in lineups (Experiments 1 and 2) and the match between the suspect’s tattoo the perpetrator’s tattoo (Experiments 3 and 4). We replicated the finding that modifying lineup photographs to prevent a tattooed suspect from standing out mitigates the risk of innocent suspect identifications. We also demonstrated that sequential lineups (cf. simultaneous) do not mitigate the risk of biased lineups when the suspect stands out because of a tattoo. Contrary to previous research in which biased lineups did not impact correct identification rates differentially by lineup type, we found that biased lineups decreased correct identifications in sequential, but not simultaneous, lineups. Additionally, we found that the tattoo worn by an innocent suspect need not be identical to that of the perpetrator—similar placement and designs also inflate innocent suspect identifications, although a tattoo in a different location with a different design protected innocent suspects. Finally, our data indicate that when researching distinctive marks in lineups, researchers should request descriptions from the eyewitness-participants following the mock crime in order to determine whether the witness noticed the distinctive mark.

The Effect of Backloading Instructions on Eyewitness Identification from Simultaneous and Sequential Lineups

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt A. Carlson ◽  
Maria A. Carlson ◽  
Dawn R. Weatherford ◽  
Amanda Tucker ◽  
Jane Bednarz
Keyword(s):  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Sequential Lineups

scholarly journals Estimating the reliability of eyewitness identifications from police lineups

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Wixted ◽  
Laura Mickes ◽  
John C. Dunn ◽  
Steven E. Clark ◽  
William Wells
Keyword(s):  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Police Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Eyewitness Confidence ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Simultaneous Lineups ◽  
Simultaneous Procedure ◽  
Mock Crime ◽  
Eyewitness Identifications

Laboratory-based mock crime studies have often been interpreted to mean that (i) eyewitness confidence in an identification made from a lineup is a weak indicator of accuracy and (ii) sequential lineups are diagnostically superior to traditional simultaneous lineups. Largely as a result, juries are increasingly encouraged to disregard eyewitness confidence, and up to 30% of law enforcement agencies in the United States have adopted the sequential procedure. We conducted a field study of actual eyewitnesses who were assigned to simultaneous or sequential photo lineups in the Houston Police Department over a 1-y period. Identifications were made using a three-point confidence scale, and a signal detection model was used to analyze and interpret the results. Our findings suggest that (i) confidence in an eyewitness identification from a fair lineup is a highly reliable indicator of accuracy and (ii) if there is any difference in diagnostic accuracy between the two lineup formats, it likely favors the simultaneous procedure.

scholarly journals The Effects of Witness Viewpoint Distance, Angle, and Choice on Eyewitness Accuracy in Police Lineups Conducted in Immersive Virtual Environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy N. Bailenson ◽  
Alexandra Davies ◽  
Jim Blascovich ◽  
Andrew C. Beall ◽  
Cade McCall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
Sequential Lineups ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environments ◽  
Eyewitness Accuracy ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environment ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Improved Accuracy

The current study investigated the value of using immersive virtual environment technology as a tool for assessing eyewitness identification. Participants witnessed a staged crime and then examined sequential lineups within immersive virtual environments that contained 3D virtual busts of the suspect and six distractors. Participants either had unlimited viewpoints of the busts in terms of angle and distance, or a unitary view at only a single angle and distance. Furthermore, participants either were allowed to choose the angle and distance of the viewpoints they received, or were given viewpoints without choice. Results demonstrated that unlimited viewpoints improved accuracy in suspect-present lineups but not in suspect-absent lineups. Furthermore, across conditions, post-hoc measurements demonstrated that when the chosen view of the suspect during the lineup was similar to the view during the staged crime in terms of distance, accuracy improved. Finally, participants were more accurate in suspect-absent lineups than in suspect-present lineups. Implications of the findings in terms of theories of eyewitness testimony are discussed, as well as the value of using virtual lineups that elicit high levels of presence in the field. We conclude that digital avatars of higher fidelity may be necessary before actually implementing virtual lineups.

Stimulus Ratio Effects on Speech Discrimination by Children and Adults

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Discrimination Accuracy ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Adults And Children

This investigation examined the response strategies and discrimination accuracy of adults and children aged 5–10 as the ratio of same to different trials was varied across three conditions of a “change/no-change” discrimination task. The conditions varied as follows: (a) a ratio of one-third same to two-thirds different trials (33% same), (b) an equal ratio of same to different trials (50% same), and (c) a ratio of two-thirds same to one-third different trials (67% same). Stimuli were synthetic consonant-vowel syllables that changed along a place of articulation dimension by formant frequency transition. Results showed that all subjects changed their response strategies depending on the ratio of same-to-different trials. The most lax response pattern was observed for the 50% same condition, and the most conservative pattern was observed for the 67% same condition. Adult response patterns were most conservative across condition. Differences in discrimination accuracy as measured by P(C) were found, with the largest difference in the 5- to 6-year-old group and the smallest change in the adult group. These findings suggest that children’s response strategies, like those of adults, can be manipulated by changing the ratio of same-to-different trials. Furthermore, interpretation of sensitivity measures must be referenced to task variables such as the ratio of same-to-different trials.

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