Volatiles Associated with Preferred and Nonpreferred Hosts of the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia frustrana

AbstractInundative releases of Trichogramma exiguum Pinto and Platner were evaluated for suppression of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), in first-year loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., plantations. Three releases, spaced 7 d apart, were made in three 0.4-ha plots during second-generation R. frustrana egg deposition. Each release included three cohorts of T. exiguum developmentally separated by 25 degree-days. Mean ± SD field release rate for each cohort was 328 238 ± 88 379 females/ha. Mean T. exiguum emergence under laboratory conditions for released cohorts was 96 ± 2%, with 74 ± 3% females, of which 1 ± 1% of females displayed brachyptery; female longevity was 18 ± 3 d. Field emergence averaged 96 ± 4%. Parasitism of R. frustrana eggs was significantly increased, ranging from 40 ± 19 to 73 ± 22% in T. exiguum-treated plots and 17 ± 17 to 67 ± 21% in control plots. Data from all treated plots combined showed R. frustrana egg survival (hatching) was significantly reduced by 46%, and larval populations were significantly reduced by 60%. There was no significant difference in the percentage of terminals damaged between T. exiguum-treated (31 ± 16%) and control plots (45 ± 10%); however, length of terminal damage was significantly lower in treated plots. The percentage of damage to top whorl shoots was significantly lower in T. exiguum-treated plots compared with control plots, but there was no significant difference in length of tunneling damage. Damage to remaining shoots was not significantly different between T. exiguum-treated and control plots. Microhabitat significantly influenced both mean maximum and minimum temperature and the number of consecutive hours per day that were at or above 35 °C (critical temperature for T. exiguum survival). Soil surface with no cover had the greatest number of hours at or above 35 °C, followed by soil surface with herbaceous cover, and canopies of small trees (0.4 m tall). Canopy habitats in larger trees (0.9–1.8 m tall) had the most moderate temperature conditions. Parasitoid emergence was significantly reduced in response to increasing number of consecutive hours at or above 35 °C. Predation of parasitoids prior to emergence was significantly affected by microhabitat and by the length of time capsules were in the field before T. exiguum emergence (i.e., cohort number).

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Successful Strategies for Reducing Pesticide Use in the Landscape: Examples from California

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.8.2.150 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 150-153

Author(s):

J. Kabashima ◽

T.D. Paine ◽

R. Redak

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Pesticide Use ◽

Pheromone Traps ◽

Phoracantha Semipunctata ◽

Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽

Rhyacionia Frustrana ◽

Siphoninus Phillyreae ◽

Sound Management

Pesticide use in the landscape has been reduced through the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) (Holmes and Davidson, 1984, Olkowski et al., 1978; Smith and Raupp, 1986). IPM emphasizes prevention, identifying pests and their symptoms, regular surveying for pests, determining action thresholds and guidelines, and using sound management methods. Monitoring techniques such as pheromone traps, degree-day models, and ELISA kits, in addition to traditional methods, have enabled pest managers to determine accurately when to apply IPM techniques. Examples of serious California landscape insect pests successfully controlled through IPM include the ash whitefly [Siphoninus phillyreae (Halliday)], the Nantucket pine tip moth [Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock)], and the eucalyptus longhorned borer (Phoracantha semipunctata F.).

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Revision of a Timing Model for Chemical Control of the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Southeastern Coastal Plain

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-33.4.336 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 336-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christopher J. Fettig ◽

C. Wayne Berisford ◽

Mark J. Dalusky

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Eastern United States ◽

Degree Day ◽

Timing Model ◽

Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽

Rhyacionia Frustrana ◽

Southeastern Coastal Plain ◽

Spray Timing

The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a common pest of Christmas tree and commercial pine plantations in the eastern United States (Yates et al. 1981). During the mid-1980's, a spray timing model for contact insecticides was developed to predict optimal spray dates for controlling R. frustrana in the southeastern Coastal Plain (Gargiullo et al. 1985). Although the model provided for generally acceptable control, analysis of the original degree-day predictions revealed that some errors occur in degree-day accumulation values used to predict insecticide spray dates. We report here the corrected values for both within-generation and cumulative year-long spray date predictions to control R. frustrana in locations where four generations occur annually in the southeastern United States. A similar model for the Piedmont region of Georgia where three generations occur annually accurately predicts spray dates in its current version (Gargiullo et al. 1983).

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Life Tables for the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), and the Pitch Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia rigidana (Fernald) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/12.5.1391 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1391-1402 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Paul M. Gargiullo ◽

C. Wayne Berisford

Keyword(s):

Life Tables ◽

Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽

Pitch Pine ◽

Rhyacionia Frustrana

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TIP DAMAGE AS AN INDEX OF NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH POPULATION DENSITY (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent110917-9 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 110 (9) ◽

pp. 917-920 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. M. Stephen ◽

G. W. Wallis

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Functional Relationship ◽

Tree Age ◽

Moth Population ◽

X Ray ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽

Rhyacionia Frustrana

AbstractIn order to establish a functional relationship between damaged pine tips apparently infested with Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), and within-tip larval and pupal population, X-ray techniques were used to determine numbers of actually infested tips and the numbers of tip moth immatures contained therein. Linear relationships existed between these variables and changes in tip moth density. The effect of different plantations, tip moth generations, season, and tree age did not significantly alter the observed relationships. Approximately 40% of the damaged (i.e. apparently infested) tips were actually infested, and these tips contained an average of 1.4 tip moth immatures per tip. The equation Y = −.509 +.57X estimates the number of tip moth immatures, given the number of apparently damaged tips per tree (r2 =.71).

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Monoterpene emissions and cuticular lipids of loblolly and slash pines: potential bases for oviposition preference of the Nantucket pine tip moth

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b95-003 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Darrell W. Ross ◽

Göran Birgersson ◽

Karl E. Espelie ◽

C. Wayne Berisford

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Oviposition Preference ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Cuticular Lipids ◽

Nantucket Pine Tip Moth ◽

Loblolly Pines ◽

Rhyacionia Frustrana ◽

Chain Lengths

Monoterpene emissions from intact 5- to 29-month-old loblolly and slash pine seedlings contained α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, sabinene, β-phellandrene, and limonene. α-Pinene made up > 50% of the volatiles from both species. β-Pinene was significantly more abundant in slash (35.6%) than in loblolly pine (15.3%), while myrcene was significantly more abundant in loblolly (10.9%) than in slash pine (3.4%). Cuticular lipids represented 0.11 and 0.06% of the dry weight biomass of shoots from loblolly and slash pines, respectively. Species differences in cuticular lipid composition were primarily in relative proportions of a group of unidentified compounds that appear to be saturated and unsaturated diols and (or) hydroxy alcohols with chain lengths of about 18 carbons. 10-Nonacosanol made up 16.2 and 14.1% of the total lipids recovered from loblolly and slash pines, respectively. The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), may use these chemical differences to distinguish the susceptible loblolly pines from the resistant slash pines. Key words: Pinus taeda, Pinus elliottii, monoterpene emissions, cuticular lipids, Rhyacionia frustrana.

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