Non-adherence to Psychotropic Medication Among Adolescents – A Systematic Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Häge ◽  
Lisa Weymann ◽  
Lucia Bliznak ◽  
Viktoria Märker ◽  
Konstantin Mechler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract. Introduction: Whether patients take their medication as prescribed is of increasing importance in adolescent psychiatry since both the number of efficacious pharmaceutical treatments and the rate of prescriptions of psychotropic compounds are on the rise. Previous research showed high rates of medication nonadherence among both adolescents with medical disorders and adult patients with psychiatric disorders. Methods: The present review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines and evaluates existing scientific literature concerning adherence to psychotropic medication among adolescents. The goal was to determine rates of nonadherence in this age group as well as the factors associated with it. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed from its inception until 15 September 2015 using the keywords “adherence,” “compliance,” “adolescent,” and “psychotropic medication.” Results: A total of 607 pertinent articles were collected and screened; 15 publications were selected for detailed review. The studies differed, among other things, regarding sample characteristics, medication type, and indications. Furthermore, the definitions of what constitutes nonadherence and the methods used to assess it varied widely. Nonadherence rates ranged from 6 % to 62 % (median 33 %). Conclusion: Nonadherence to psychotropic medication is a clinically relevant problem among adolescents. Because of the methodological heterogeneity across studies and partially contradictory results, no conclusions could be drawn concerning the influence of factors such as psychopathology, medication type, side effects, the effectiveness of treatment, or family-related factors. Well-designed long-term studies of large patient samples and a consensus regarding definitions are therefore warranted. Such research would facilitate the design of tailored strategies to improve adherence in these patients.

scholarly journals Patient Related Factors Associated with Long-Term Urinary Continence After Burch Colposuspension and Pubovaginal Fascial Sling Surgeries

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly E. Richter ◽  
Linda Brubaker ◽  
Anne M. Stoddard ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Halina M. Zyczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Continence ◽  
Burch Colposuspension ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Fascial Sling

Molecular genetic, host-derived and clinical determinants of long-term survival in glioblastoma: First results from the ETERNITY study (EORTC 1419).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2056-2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Weller ◽  
Guido Reifenberger ◽  
Emilie Le Rhun ◽  
Jennifer Leigh Clarke ◽  
Riccardo Soffietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
The Us

2056 Background: Glioblastoma represents the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, and less than 5% of patients survive 5 years from diagnosis. Factors influencing this long-term survival are poorly understood. Methods: In cooperation with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) in Brussels, Belgium, more than 20 clinical sites in the US, Europe and Australia have registered patients with centrally confirmed glioblastoma who survived ≥ 5 years, collecting clinical data including therapy and quality of life-related factors, as well as biospecimens allowing to analyse molecular and immunological parameters. Results: At the cut-off of December 31, 2018, 392 patients were registered, of which 232 had glioblastoma confirmed by central pathology review; 59 dropped out due to histology other than glioblastoma. Glioblastomas were isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype in 70.7% and had a positive O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation status in 75.9%. Median age at diagnosis was 52 years (range: 21-77 years). There was enrichment for patients with gross total resection. Further analyses are ongoing. Conclusions: In a comprehensive effort, the consortium funded by the US Brain Tumor Funders’ Collaborative characterizes factors modulating long-term survival in glioblastoma in a unique large patient cohort. Clinical trial information: NCT 03770468.

scholarly journals Domestic and travel-related foodborne gastrointestinal illness in a population health survey

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. EVANS ◽  
T. SARVOTHAM ◽  
D. R. THOMAS ◽  
A. J. HOWARD
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Reported Health

Routine surveillance data underestimate incidence of foodborne gastrointestinal (FGI) illness and provide little information on illness related to travel. We analysed data from the Welsh Health Survey to estimate population incidence, and to examine risk factors for FGI and factors associated with consulting a doctor. Reported frequency of any FGI in the 3 months before interview was 20·0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 19·5–20·4; equivalent to 0·8 episodes per person-year], and for travel-related FGI was 1·6% (95% CI 1·5–1·8). In the final model, sex, age group, marital status, self-reported health, long-term illness, smoking and alcohol consumption were all independent predictors of FGI. People who consulted a doctor were likely to be older, in poorer health, taking regular medication, or to report mental illness. FGI is common but risk factors for illness and consultation differ and impressions of the epidemiology of the disease based on surveillance data are therefore distorted.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Persistent Post-Surgical Opioid Use: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Stark ◽  
S. Kerr ◽  
J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Stratification Tool ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Use Factors ◽  
Term Management

Post-surgical opioid prescribing intended for the short-term management of acute pain may lead to long-term opioid use. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of persistent post-surgical opioid use and patient-related factors associated with post-surgical opioid use. One thousand and thirteen opioid-naïve patients awaiting elective surgery in a tertiary private hospital in Sydney were enrolled. Preoperatively, patients completed a questionnaire comprising potential predictors of persistent post-surgical opioid use. Patients underwent surgery with routine perioperative care, and were followed up at 90 to 120 days after surgery to determine opioid use. Factors associated with opioid use were assessed with logistic regression. We had an overall response rate of 95.8% (n=970) of patients, of whom 10.5% (n=102) continued to use opioids at >90 days after surgery. On surgical subtype analysis, the prevalence of persistent opioid use was 23.6% after spinal surgery, and 13.7% after orthopaedic surgery. Four factors were independently associated with persistent post-surgical opioid use in a multivariate model: having orthopaedic (odds ratio [OR] 4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0 to 10.8, P <0.001) or spinal surgery (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.7 to 9.2, P <0.001), anxiety (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.1, P=0.03), attending pre-admission clinic (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.6 to 8.6, P=0.002), and higher self-reported pain score at >90 days after surgery (P <0.001). More than 10% of opioid-naïve patients undergoing elective surgery experience persistent post-surgical opioid use. Identification of factors associated with persistent post-surgical opioid use may allow development of a risk stratification tool to predict those at highest risk.

scholarly journals Energy restriction and potential energy restriction mimetics

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle Nikolai ◽  
Kathrin Pallauf ◽  
Patricia Huebbe ◽  
Gerald Rimbach
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Reduce Energy Intake ◽  
Long Term Studies

AbstractEnergy restriction (ER; also known as caloric restriction) is the only nutritional intervention that has repeatedly been shown to increase lifespan in model organisms and may delay ageing in humans. In the present review we discuss current scientific literature on ER and its molecular, metabolic and hormonal effects. Moreover, criteria for the classification of substances that might induce positive ER-like changes without having to reduce energy intake are summarised. Additionally, the putative ER mimetics (ERM) 2-deoxy-d-glucose, metformin, rapamycin, resveratrol, spermidine and lipoic acid and their suggested molecular targets are discussed. While there are reports on these ERM candidates that describe lifespan extension in model organisms, data on longevity-inducing effects in higher organisms such as mice remain controversial or are missing. Furthermore, some of these candidates produce detrimental side effects such as immunosuppression or lactic acidosis, or have not been tested for safety in long-term studies. Up to now, there are no known ERM that could be recommended without limitations for use in humans.

Factors associated with long-term survival in patients with early-onset and standard-onset colorectal cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
Riya Jayesh Patel ◽  
Michael Lyudmer ◽  
Adel Chergui ◽  
Seda Serra Tolu ◽  
Devika Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Tumor Registry ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Long Term Survivors

141 Background: Differences in incidence, clinical features, and survival between early-onset (EO) and standard-onset (SO) colorectal cancer (CRC) are well-established. Factors associated with longer survival have not been reported. We aim to determine clinical and treatment factors associated with longer survival in patients (pts) with metastatic EO and SO CRC. Methods: Pts with metastatic CRC diagnosed between 2010-2019 at two NYC hospitals were identified by tumor registry and classified as EO (diagnosis at < 50 years) or SO (diagnosis at ≥ 50 years). Median overall survival (OS) was calculated for each group using Kaplan Meier curves. Long-term survival was defined as OS > 2 years (EO-CTC median OS). Data was collected by chart review and compared between short vs long-term survivors in EO and SO CRC pts independently. Stata v15 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of 646 pts, 144 (22.3%) had EO and 502 (77.7%) had SO. High grade tumors were more likely in EO (33.3% vs 24%, OR: 1.59, p = 0.04) than SO; whereas no differences were seen in gender, sidedness, KRAS mutation or chemotherapy. Biologics were used more frequently in EO than SO (OR = 1.7; p = 0.008]. Median OS was 2.1 and 1.9 years in EO and SO. There were 53 (36.8%) and 175 (35.1%) long-term survivors in EO and SO groups. In pts with SO, metastasectomy, irinotecan-based chemotherapy and use of biologics were significantly associated with long-term survival, whereas metastasectomy was the only associated factor in pts with EO. Conclusions: Metastatectomy was the only factor associated with longer survival in both EO and SO groups. Other clinical/pathological and treatment-related factors associated with long-term survival among SO-CRC were not associated with long-term survival among EO-CRC patients. [Table: see text]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document