scholarly journals Energy restriction and potential energy restriction mimetics

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle Nikolai ◽  
Kathrin Pallauf ◽  
Patricia Huebbe ◽  
Gerald Rimbach
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Reduce Energy Intake ◽  
Long Term Studies

AbstractEnergy restriction (ER; also known as caloric restriction) is the only nutritional intervention that has repeatedly been shown to increase lifespan in model organisms and may delay ageing in humans. In the present review we discuss current scientific literature on ER and its molecular, metabolic and hormonal effects. Moreover, criteria for the classification of substances that might induce positive ER-like changes without having to reduce energy intake are summarised. Additionally, the putative ER mimetics (ERM) 2-deoxy-d-glucose, metformin, rapamycin, resveratrol, spermidine and lipoic acid and their suggested molecular targets are discussed. While there are reports on these ERM candidates that describe lifespan extension in model organisms, data on longevity-inducing effects in higher organisms such as mice remain controversial or are missing. Furthermore, some of these candidates produce detrimental side effects such as immunosuppression or lactic acidosis, or have not been tested for safety in long-term studies. Up to now, there are no known ERM that could be recommended without limitations for use in humans.

scholarly journals Promovendo Mudanças Comportamentais Sustentáveis no Controlo do Peso Corporal

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Camolas ◽  
Osvaldo Santos ◽  
Pedro Moreira ◽  
Isabel Do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

There is a wide acknowledgement of obesity as a relevant clinical entity. Such relevance can be inferred by the huge worldwide amount of research and related health promotion and clinical efforts. Though the evidence sustains some cues for the therapeutic success, the overall long-term effectiveness of obesity treatment tends to be not so satisfactory. Scientific literature is not unequivocal in key areas of nutritional intervention, such as the magnitude of caloric restriction, proportion of macronutrients, meal frequency, among others. The same applies to the area of physical activity recommendation for weight control. As a correlate of this scenario of incertitude, there is a proliferation of interventions and there is a clear need to integrate the scientific and clinical evidence. This paper presents a narrative literature review of key issues of clinical practice in obesity, regarding a set of actions that, in the overall, have as main purpose the promotion<br />of reduction and/or control of body weight. The role of the health professional is highlighted as a facilitator of acquisition of habits that favor weight control, by integrating the professional’s scientific knowledge with the patient’s readiness for and capacity to change.

scholarly journals A literature review of flavonoids and lifespan in model organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Pallauf ◽  
Nils Duckstein ◽  
Gerald Rimbach
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Growth Factor Signalling

Epidemiological data on consumption of flavonoid-containing food points to the notion that some of these secondary plant metabolites may favour healthy ageing. The aim of the present paper was to review the literature on lifespan extension by flavonoids in worms, flies and mice. In most studies, worms and flies experienced lifespan extension when supplemented with flavonoids either as extracts or single compounds. Studies with mutant worms and flies give hints as to which gene products may be regulated by flavonoids and consequently enhance longevity. We discuss the data considering putative mechanisms that may underlie flavonoid action such as energy-restriction-like effects, inhibition of insulin-like-growth-factor signalling, induction of antioxidant defence mechanisms, hormesis as well as antimicrobial properties. However, it remains uncertain whether human lifespan could be prolonged by increased flavonoid intake.

Non-adherence to Psychotropic Medication Among Adolescents – A Systematic Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Häge ◽  
Lisa Weymann ◽  
Lucia Bliznak ◽  
Viktoria Märker ◽  
Konstantin Mechler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract. Introduction: Whether patients take their medication as prescribed is of increasing importance in adolescent psychiatry since both the number of efficacious pharmaceutical treatments and the rate of prescriptions of psychotropic compounds are on the rise. Previous research showed high rates of medication nonadherence among both adolescents with medical disorders and adult patients with psychiatric disorders. Methods: The present review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines and evaluates existing scientific literature concerning adherence to psychotropic medication among adolescents. The goal was to determine rates of nonadherence in this age group as well as the factors associated with it. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed from its inception until 15 September 2015 using the keywords “adherence,” “compliance,” “adolescent,” and “psychotropic medication.” Results: A total of 607 pertinent articles were collected and screened; 15 publications were selected for detailed review. The studies differed, among other things, regarding sample characteristics, medication type, and indications. Furthermore, the definitions of what constitutes nonadherence and the methods used to assess it varied widely. Nonadherence rates ranged from 6 % to 62 % (median 33 %). Conclusion: Nonadherence to psychotropic medication is a clinically relevant problem among adolescents. Because of the methodological heterogeneity across studies and partially contradictory results, no conclusions could be drawn concerning the influence of factors such as psychopathology, medication type, side effects, the effectiveness of treatment, or family-related factors. Well-designed long-term studies of large patient samples and a consensus regarding definitions are therefore warranted. Such research would facilitate the design of tailored strategies to improve adherence in these patients.

scholarly journals Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS): Faults and Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel Tack
Keyword(s):  
Medically Unexplained Symptoms ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Medically Unexplained ◽  
Unexplained Symptoms ◽  
Underlying Pathology ◽  
Long Term Studies

The classification of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) could have negative consequences for patients with functional somatic syndromes (FSS). By grouping related but distinct syndromes into one label, the MUS classification fails to inform clinicians about their patients’ health condition. In research settings, the MUS classification makes patient samples more heterogeneous, obstructing research into the underlying pathology of FSS. Long-term studies have shown that MUS are often appraised as medically explained symptoms at follow-up and vice versa, raising doubts about the reliability of this distinction.

Characterization of Cryoglobulins by Immunoblotting

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Musset ◽  
M C Diemert ◽  
F Taibi ◽  
L Thi Huong Du ◽  
P Cacoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Syndrome ◽  
Immunoblotting Technique ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract We adapted an immunoblotting technique for the immunochemical characterization of cryoglobulins. We first compared the results from 157 samples with results obtained by immunofixation and immunoelectrophoresis and then with clinical observations in 125 cases. Full identification was possible in 98% of the cases by immunoblotting, in 54% by immunofixation, and in 28% by immunoelectrophoresis. Novel microheterogeneity aspects were observed by immunoblotting and immunofixation in 13% and 6% of the cases studied, respectively. Our results confirm the frequency of autoimmune and infectious diseases associated with mixed cryoglobulinemias, whereas a lymphoproliferative syndrome was observed only in cases of cryoglobulinemia with a monoclonal constituent or a microheterogeneity aspect, which was not always revealed by immunofixation or immunoelectrophoresis. The pathophysiological importance and classification of microheterogeneity aspects is not clear. These observations justify using a sensitive and specific method for identifying cryoglobulins, even when present at low concentrations, and call for long-term studies of these patients.

scholarly journals Calcium Silicate Cements vs. Epoxy Resin Based Cements: Narrative Review

Oral ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Mario Dioguardi ◽  
Cristian Quarta ◽  
Diego Sovereto ◽  
Giuseppe Troiano ◽  
Khrystyna Zhurakivska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Osteogenic Activity ◽  
Calcium Silicate Cements ◽  
Long Term Studies

In recent years, calcium silicate cements have been introduced. The purpose of this study is to analyze the main differences between calcium silicate-based cements and epoxy resin-based cements, analyzing the scientific literature of the last year to highlight the main advantages for predictable clinical use. Data collected from the included studies were used in order to analyze different features: chemical-physical properties, cytotoxicity and cell migration, inflammatory response, mineralizing and osteogenic activity, ion release and the filling efficiency of root canals. The calcium silicate cements analyzed in these studies showed good biological and mechanical properties compared to conventional resin-based cements, resulting in better biocompatibility and less cytotoxicity; long-term studies are needed, but these cements have ideal characteristics to allow efficient filling of root canals.

Implications of Long-Term Studies of Three Model Preschool Programs for Head Start

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Schweinhart ◽  
Elena V. Malofeeva ◽  
Lawrence J. Schweinhart ◽  
Michelle M. Englund ◽  
Arthur J. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Preschool Programs ◽  
Long Term Studies

Primary varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. Partsch
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Primary Varicose Veins ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Convincing Data ◽  
Long Term Studies

SummaryBackground: Compression stockings are widely used in patients with varicose veins. Methods: Based on published literature three main points are discussed: 1. the rationale of compression therapy in primary varicose veins, 2. the prescription of compression stockings in daily practice, 3. studies required in the future. Results: The main objective of prescribing compression stockings for patients with varicose veins is to improve subjective leg complaints and to prevent swelling after sitting and standing. No convincing data are available concerning prevention of progression or of complications. In daily practice varicose veins are the most common indication to prescribe compression stockings. The compliance depends on the severity of the disorder and is rather poor in less severe stages. Long-term studies are needed to proof the cost-effectiveness of compression stockings concerning subjective symptoms and objective signs of varicose veins adjusted to their clinical severity. Conclusion: Compression stockings in primary varicose veins are able to improve leg complaints and to prevent swelling.

Diatoms and aquatic palynomorphs in the sediments of the Eurasian Arctic seas and their significance for paleooceanological investigations in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Yelena I. Polyakova ◽  
Yekaterina I. Novichkova ◽  
Tatiana S. Klyuvitkina ◽  
Elizaveta A. Agafonova ◽  
Irina M. Kryukova
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Marginal Filter ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Hydrological Parameters ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Long Term Studies

Presented the results of long-term studies of diatoms and aquatic palynomorphs in surface sediments of the Arctic seas and the possibility of their use for the reconstructions of paleocirculation water masses, advection of Atlantic and Bering sea water into the Arctic ocean, changes in the river runoff to the seas, sedimentary processes in the marginal filter of the largest rivers, seasonal sea ice cover and other hydrological parameters.

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