Posterior and Anterior Contribution of Hand-Movement Preparation to Late CNV

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Verleger ◽  
Bernd Wauschkuhn ◽  
Rob van der Lubbe ◽  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Peter Trillenberg
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Key Press ◽  
Effector System ◽  
Hand Motor Area ◽  
Late Part

Abstract The late part of the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) is assumed to be a composite potential, reflecting both movement preparation and several other processes. To assess the contribution of hand-motor preparation to overall CNV, three S1-S2 experiments were performed. Replicating earlier results that have been interpreted as demonstrating hand-motor preparation, experiment 1 showed that CNV gets larger centro-parietally under speed instruction. Experiments 2 and 3 compared preparation for hand responses (key-press) to preparation for ocular responses (saccades) varying the effector system either between blocks (exp. 2) or between trials (exp. 3) and also comparing these preparation situations to no preparation (exp. 3). Hand-motor preparation was reflected in CNV getting larger fronto-centrally, with this topography being significantly different from the effect in experiment 1. Thus, two different kinds of motor preparation appear to be reflected by CNV. One kind may consist of assembling and maintaining the stimulus-response links appropriate to the expected S2 patterns, the other is for activating the hand-motor area. These two motor contributions to CNV might reflect the two aspects of the parieto-frontal motor system.

scholarly journals Visual Selection of the Future Reach Path in Obstacle Avoidance

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1846-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Baldauf
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Dot Probe ◽  
Manual Movements ◽  
Selection Of

In two EEG experiments, we studied the role of visual attention during the preparation of manual movements around an obstacle. Participants performed rapid hand movements to a goal position avoiding a central obstacle either on the left or right side, depending on the pitch of the acoustical go signal. We used a dot probe paradigm to analyze the deployment of spatial attention in the visual field during the motor preparation. Briefly after the go signal but still before the hand movement actually started, a visual transient was flashed either on the planned pathway of the hand (congruent trials) or on the opposite, movement-irrelevant side (incongruent trials). The P1/N1 components that were evoked by the onset of the dot probe were enhanced in congruent trials where the visual transient was presented on the planned path of the hand. The results indicate that, during movement preparation, attention is allocated selectively to the planned trajectory the hand is going to take around the obstacle.

How do children prepare to react? Imaging maturation of motor preparation and stimulus anticipation by late contingent negative variation

NeuroImage ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bender ◽  
Matthias Weisbrod ◽  
Harald Bornfleth ◽  
Franz Resch ◽  
Rieke Oelkers-Ax
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Stimulus Anticipation

scholarly journals Patterns of muscle activity for digital coarticulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. Winges ◽  
Shinichi Furuya ◽  
Nathaniel J. Faber ◽  
Martha Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Key Press ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Piano Playing

Although piano playing is a highly skilled task, basic features of motor pattern generation may be shared across tasks involving fine movements, such as handling coins, fingering food, or using a touch screen. The scripted and sequential nature of piano playing offered the opportunity to quantify the neuromuscular basis of coarticulation, i.e., the manner in which the muscle activation for one sequential element is altered to facilitate production of the preceding and subsequent elements. Ten pianists were asked to play selected pieces with the right hand at a uniform tempo. Key-press times were recorded along with the electromyographic (EMG) activity from seven channels: thumb flexor and abductor muscles, a flexor for each finger, and the four-finger extensor muscle. For the thumb and index finger, principal components of EMG waveforms revealed highly consistent variations in the shape of the flexor bursts, depending on the type of sequence in which a particular central key press was embedded. For all digits, the duration of the central EMG burst scaled, along with slight variations across subjects in the duration of the interkeystroke intervals. Even within a narrow time frame (about 100 ms) centered on the central EMG burst, the exact balance of EMG amplitudes across multiple muscles depended on the nature of the preceding and subsequent key presses. This fails to support the idea of fixed burst patterns executed in sequential phases and instead provides evidence for neuromuscular coarticulation throughout the time course of a hand movement sequence.

Saccade-Related Potentials During Eye-Hand Coordination: Effects of Hand Movements on Saccade Preparation

Motor Control ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta Sailer ◽  
Florian Güldenpfennig ◽  
Thomas Eggert
Keyword(s):  
Visual Target ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Independent Direction ◽  
Preparatory Activity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Hand Coordination ◽  
Saccade Preparation

This study investigated the effect of hand movements on behavioral and electro-physiological parameters of saccade preparation. While event-related potentials were recorded in 17 subjects, they performed saccades to a visual target either together with a hand movement in the same direction, a hand movement in the opposite direction, a hand movement to a third, independent direction, or without any accompanying hand movements. Saccade latencies increased with any kind of accompanying hand movement. Both saccade and manual latencies were largest when both movements aimed at opposite directions. In contrast, saccade-related potentials indicating preparatory activity were mainly affected by hand movements in the same direction. The data suggest that concomitant hand movements interfere with saccade preparation, particularly when the two movements involve motor preparations that access the same visual stimulus. This indicates that saccade preparation is continually informed about hand movement preparation.

Intact Proactive Motor Inhibition after Unilateral Prefrontal Cortex or Basal Ganglia Lesions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Matthias Liebrand ◽  
Anne-Kristin Solbakk ◽  
Ingrid Funderud ◽  
Macià Buades-Rotger ◽  
Robert T. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Preparatory Attention ◽  
External Signals

Previous research provided evidence for the critical importance of the prefrontal cortex (pFC) and basal ganglia (BG) for reactive motor inhibition, that is, when actions are cancelled in response to external signals. Less is known about the role of the pFC and BG in proactive motor inhibition, referring to preparation for an upcoming stop signal. In this study, patients with unilateral lesions to the BG or lateral pFC performed in a cued go/no-go task, whereas their EEG was recorded. The paradigm called for cue-based preparation for upcoming, lateralized no-go signals. Based on previous findings, we focused on EEG indices of cognitive control (prefrontal beta), motor preparation (sensorimotor mu/beta, contingent negative variation [CNV]), and preparatory attention (occipital alpha, CNV). On a behavioral level, no differences between patients and controls were found, suggesting an intact ability to proactively prepare for motor inhibition. Patients showed an altered preparatory CNV effect, but no other differences in electrophysiological activity related to proactive and reactive motor inhibition. Our results suggest a context-dependent role of BG and pFC structures in motor inhibition, being critical in reactive, unpredictable contexts, but less so in situations where one can prepare for stopping on a short timescale.

scholarly journals Movement-Related Cortical Potential Associated with Jaw-Biting Movement in the Patients with Oral Cancer after the Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Nakajima ◽  
Mitsuyo Shinohara ◽  
Hiroiku Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cortical Potential ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Forward System

Oral cancer is first treated with surgery for the patients. In most cases, it becomes difficult for these patients to perform smooth jaw movements postoperatively, causing masticatory dysfunctions, due to the mandible excision including muscles and peripheral nerves. However, it is still unknown whether the surgery affects the brain function for jaw movement in the patients. In this study, therefore, we investigated a significance of the movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) for jaw movements in the patients after the cancer surgery, to clarify the motor preparation process in the brain, as compared with healthy subjects. Eight normal subjects and seven patients with oral cancers were enrolled in the study. Experiment 1: The normal subjects were instructed to perform jaw-biting movement and hand movement, respectively. The MRCPs appeared bilaterally over the scalp approximately 1 to 2 s before the onset of muscle discharge in both movements. Experiment 2: The MRCPs appeared preoperatively in the jaw biting movement in all patients. However, the amplitudes of the MRCP decreased significantly after than before the surgery (p < 0.05). Our data indicated the dysfunction of the motor preparation process for jaw movements in the patient after the surgery, suggesting impairment of feed-forward system in the maxillofacial area.

scholarly journals Unilateral movement preparation causes task-specific modulation of TMS responses in the passive, opposite limb

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Chye ◽  
Stephan Riek ◽  
Aymar de Rugy ◽  
Richard G. Carson ◽  
Timothy J. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Force Direction ◽  
Opposite Limb

AbstractCorticospinal excitability is modulated for muscles on both sides of the body during unilateral movement preparation. For the effector, there is a progressive increase in excitability, and a shift in direction of muscle twitches evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) toward the impending movement. By contrast, the directional characteristics of excitability changes in the opposite (passive) limb have not been fully characterized. Here we assessed how preparation of voluntary forces towards four spatially distinct visual targets with the left wrist alters muscle twitches and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by TMS of left motor cortex. MEPs were facilitated significantly more in muscles homologous to agonist rather than antagonist muscles in the active limb, from 120 ms prior to voluntary EMG onset. Thus, unilateral motor preparation has a directionally-specific influence on pathways projecting to the opposite limb that corresponds to the active muscles rather than the direction of movement in space. The directions of TMS-evoked twitches also deviated toward the impending force direction of the active limb, according to muscle-based coordinates, following the onset of voluntary EMG. The data indicate that preparation of a unilateral movement increases task-dependent excitability in ipsilateral motor cortex, or its downstream projections, that reflect the forces applied by the active limb in an intrinsic (body-centered), rather than an extrinsic (world-centered), coordinate system. The results suggest that ipsilateral motor cortical activity prior to unilateral action reflects the state of the active limb, rather than subliminal motor planning for the passive limb.

The Lamprey’s Dilemma

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Thomas Boraud
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Motor System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Reticulospinal Neurons ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Effector System

This chapter focuses on the neural network, demonstrating how the principles described in the previous chapter are implemented in vertebrates, taking as a blueprint the oldest one: the lamprey. The reticulospinal neurons belong to the reticular formation located in the brainstem of the lamprey. These reticulospinal neurons act as the effector system. Apart from the peripheral input that comes back from the spinal cord, the reticular formation receives, among other things, input from the diencephalon and specifically the thalamus. This structure allows interfacing between sensory stimuli (visual, auditory, and olfactory) and the motor system. The other very important targets of the thalamus in the lamprey are the basal ganglia. The chapter then goes on to explain the diencephalic and telencephalic loops.

Effects of intentional movement preparation on response times to symbolic and imitative cues

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Naish ◽  
Carl Michael Orquiola Galang
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Intentional Action ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Similar Action ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Intentional Movement ◽  
Made In

Speeded responses to an external cue are slower when the cue interrupts preparation to perform the same or a similar action in a self-paced manner. To explore the mechanism underlying this ‘cost of intention’, we examined whether the size of the cost is influenced by the nature of the external cue. Specifically, we assessed whether the cost of intention is different for movements made in response to an imitative cue (an on-screen hand movement) compared to those made in response to a symbolic cue. Consistent with previous reports, externally cued responses were significantly slower on trials where participants were preparing to perform an internally driven movement later in the trial. Also as predicted, simple response times to the imitative cue were faster than those made to the symbolic cue. Critically, the cost of intention was similar for each cue type, suggesting that preparing an intentional action influenced responses cued by the symbolic and imitative cues to a similar degree. These findings suggest that the nature of the external cue does not influence the response time delay associated with concurrent intentional preparation. Together with previous findings, the results of the current study shed further light on the potential mechanisms underlying the cost of intention.

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