scholarly journals Movement-Related Cortical Potential Associated with Jaw-Biting Movement in the Patients with Oral Cancer after the Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Nakajima ◽  
Mitsuyo Shinohara ◽  
Hiroiku Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cortical Potential ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Forward System

Oral cancer is first treated with surgery for the patients. In most cases, it becomes difficult for these patients to perform smooth jaw movements postoperatively, causing masticatory dysfunctions, due to the mandible excision including muscles and peripheral nerves. However, it is still unknown whether the surgery affects the brain function for jaw movement in the patients. In this study, therefore, we investigated a significance of the movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) for jaw movements in the patients after the cancer surgery, to clarify the motor preparation process in the brain, as compared with healthy subjects. Eight normal subjects and seven patients with oral cancers were enrolled in the study. Experiment 1: The normal subjects were instructed to perform jaw-biting movement and hand movement, respectively. The MRCPs appeared bilaterally over the scalp approximately 1 to 2 s before the onset of muscle discharge in both movements. Experiment 2: The MRCPs appeared preoperatively in the jaw biting movement in all patients. However, the amplitudes of the MRCP decreased significantly after than before the surgery (p < 0.05). Our data indicated the dysfunction of the motor preparation process for jaw movements in the patient after the surgery, suggesting impairment of feed-forward system in the maxillofacial area.

Sport practice changes the brain: A study on motor preparation in top-level shooters

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Spinelli ◽  
Teresa Aprile Francesco Di Russo ◽  
Sabrina Pitzalis
Keyword(s):  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and Circulating Immune Complexes in Oral Precancer and Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Madki ◽  
Mandya Lakshman Avinash Tejasvi ◽  
Geetha Paramkusam ◽  
Ruheena Khan ◽  
Shilpa J.
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Oral Precancer ◽  
Serum Iga ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) as tumor marker in oral cancer and precancer patients. Materials and Methods The present study was performed on 45 individuals subdivided into three groups, that is, oral precancer, oral cancer and healthy individuals, and levels of immunoglobulins, and CIC was estimated by turbidometry and ELISA method. Results In the present study, the mean serum IgA levels in oral precancer were 161.00 ( ±  118.02) mg/dL, oral cancers were 270.67 ( ±  171.44) mg/dL, and controls were 133.73 ( ±  101.31) mg/dL. Mean serum levels of IgG in oral precancer were 1,430.87 ( ±  316) mg/dL, oral cancers were 1,234.27 ( ±  365.42) mg/dL, and controls were 593.87 ( ±  323.06) mg/dL. Conclusion We found that the levels of serum IgG and IgA were elevated consistently in precancer and cancer group, and Serum IgM levels were increased only in precancer. Also, significant increase in serum CIC levels were seen in oral precancer and cancer group on comparison with control.

Coherence on Electroencephalography and Aberrant Functional Organisation of the Brain in Schizophrenic Patients During Activation Tasks

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Morrison-Stewart ◽  
Peter C. Williamson ◽  
William C. Corning ◽  
Stanley P. Kutcher ◽  
Harold Merskey
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cognitive Activation ◽  
Functional Organisation ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Eeg Alpha ◽  
The Brain

Thirty schizophrenic patients (20 medicated, 10 off medication) were compared with 30 normal control subjects matched for age, sex, handedness, and intelligence. During the performance of left-hemisphere cognitive activation tasks, normal subjects had significantly increased EEG alpha coherence in areas related to left focal frontal sites, with decreases in temporal and posterior areas. Schizophrenic patients did not show the same degree of focal activation of left frontal areas. During the performance of right-hemisphere cognitive activation tasks, normal subjects and schizophrenic patients had similar patterns of right posterior increases in alpha coherence. Discriminant analyses were able to classify 81.4% of all subjects correctly. It is suggested that the findings indicate an aberrant functional organisation of the brain in schizophrenia, particularly affecting the left hemisphere.

scholarly journals Extent of neck dissection for patients with clinical N1 oral cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasumasa Kakei ◽  
Hirokazu Komatsu ◽  
Tsutomu Minamikawa ◽  
Takumi Hasegawa ◽  
Masanori Teshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Tongue Cancer ◽  
Positive Lymph Node ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Level Ii

Abstract Background No clear consensus has been reached on the indication of supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOHND) for clinically positive lymph-node metastasis. Patients Consecutive 100 patients with previously untreated oral cancer treated at Kobe University Hospital were included in this study. All patients were clinically staged as anyTN1M0 and underwent radical dissection of the primary site and level I–V neck dissection as the initial treatment. Results None of the 100 patients had pathological lymph-node metastasis (pLN) to level V. pLN to level IV was observed in two patients with tongue cancer in whom clinical lymph-node metastasis was preoperatively observed at level II. Conclusions Level V may be excluded in the neck dissection for patients with N1 oral cancers. Level IV dissection should be considered in the patient with tongue cancer and clinical lymph-node metastasis at level II.

scholarly journals A Noninvasive Positron Computed Tomography Technique Using Oxygen-15-Labeled Water for the Evaluation of Neurobehavioral Task Batteries

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Mazziotta ◽  
Sung-Cheng Huang ◽  
Michael E. Phelps ◽  
Richard E. Carson ◽  
Norman S. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
Water Simulation ◽  
Stimulation Paradigm ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Good Agreement

A technique is described that provides information about relative cerebral responses to differing neurobehavioral tasks in normal subjects studied with positron computed tomography and oxygen-15-labeled water. Simulation studies demonstrate that this technique is sensitive to changes in true local CBF within a physiological range and tends to underestimate relative flow changes at high flow values (>30 ml min−1 100 g−1) and to overestimate these changes for flow values of <25 ml min−1 100 g−1. Image acquisition times of 60 s following the arrival of oxygen-15-labeled water in the brain were the most accurate for identifying such relative changes between radioisotope administrations and were not limited by statistical noise from total image counts. Studies in normal volunteers indicate that the technique is highly reproducible, demonstrating a coefficient of variation for small (<2 cm2) regions of 2.98 between studies in the same state. Visual stimulation studies in normal volunteers demonstrated relative radioisotope concentration changes between control and stimulated states that are in good agreement with similar results obtained using the same stimulation paradigm but with the use of fluorodeoxyglucose to determine cerebral glucose metabolism.

Greater Movement-Related Cortical Potential During Human Eccentric Versus Concentric Muscle Contractions

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1764-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Fang ◽  
Vlodek Siemionow ◽  
Vinod Sahgal ◽  
Fuqin Xiong ◽  
Guang H. Yue
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Elbow Flexor ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Cortical Potential ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Muscle Actions ◽  
The Brain

Despite abundant evidence that different nervous system control strategies may exist for human concentric and eccentric muscle contractions, no data are available to indicate that the brain signal differs for eccentric versus concentric muscle actions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate electroencephalography (EEG)-derived movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) and to determine whether the level of MRCP-measured cortical activation differs between the two types of muscle activities. Eight healthy subjects performed 50 voluntary eccentric and 50 voluntary concentric elbow flexor contractions against a load equal to 10% body weight. Surface EEG signals from four scalp locations overlying sensorimotor-related cortical areas in the frontal and parietal lobes were measured along with kinetic and kinematic information from the muscle and joint. MRCP was derived from the EEG signals of the eccentric and concentric muscle contractions. Although the elbow flexor muscle activation (EMG) was lower during eccentric than concentric actions, the amplitude of two major MRCP components—one related to movement planning and execution and the other associated with feedback signals from the peripheral systems—was significantly greater for eccentric than for concentric actions. The MRCP onset time for the eccentric task occurred earlier than that for the concentric task. The greater cortical signal for eccentric muscle actions suggests that the brain probably plans and programs eccentric movements differently from concentric muscle tasks.

scholarly journals Oral Cancer: A Historical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3168
Author(s):  
Francesco Inchingolo ◽  
Luigi Santacroce ◽  
Andrea Ballini ◽  
Skender Topi ◽  
Gianna Dipalma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Cancer Management

Aim: This historical medical literature review aims at understanding the evolution of the medical existence of oral cancer over times, particularly better comprehending if the apparent lower prevalence of this type of cancer in antiquity is a real value due to the absence of modern environmental and lifestyle factors or it is linked to a misinterpretation of ancient foreign terms found in ancient medical texts regarding oral neoplasms. Methods: The databases MedLne, PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier’s EMBASE.com, Cochrane Review, National Library of Greece (Stavros Niarchos Foundation, Athens) and the Library of the School of Health Sciences of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Greece) were extensively searched for relevant studies published during the past century on the history of oral cancer and its treatment from antiquity to modern times, in addition to the WHO website to analyse the latest epidemiological data. In addition, we included historical books on the topic of interest and original sources. Results: Historical references reveal that the cradle of the oral oncology was in ancient Egypt, the Asian continent and Greece and cancer management was confined to an approximate surgical practice, in order to remove abnormal masses and avoid bleeding with cauterization. In the Medieval Age, little progress occurred in medicine in general, oral cancers management included. It is only from the Renaissance to modern times that knowledge about its pathophysiological mechanisms and histopathology and its surgical and pharmacological treatment approaches became increasingly deep all over the world, evolving to the actual integrated treatment. Despite the abundant literature exploring oncology in past civilizations, the real prevalence of oral cancer in antiquity is much less known; but a literature analysis cannot exclude a consistent prevalence of this cancer in past populations, probably with a likely lower incidence than today, because many descriptions of its aggressiveness were found in ancient medical texts, but it is still difficult to be sure that each single description of oral masses could be associated to cancer, particularly for what concerns the period before the Middle Ages. Conclusions: Modern oncologists and oral surgeons must learn a lot from their historic counterparts in order to avoid past unsuccessful efforts to treatment oral malignancies. Several descriptions of oral cancers in the antiquity that we found let us think that this disease might be linked to mechanisms not strictly dependent on environmental risk factors, and this might guide future research on oral cavity treatments towards strategical cellular and molecular techniques.

Assessment of Brain Damage in a Geriatric Population through Use of a Visual-Searching Task

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-375
Author(s):  
Milton Turbiner ◽  
Robert M. Derman
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Derived Data ◽  
The Brain

This study was designed to assess the discriminative capacity of a visual-searching task for brain damage, as described by Goldstein and Kyc (1978) , for 10 hospitalized male, brain-damaged patients, 10 hospitalized male schizophrenic patients, and 10 normal subjects in a control group, all of whom were approximately 65 yr. old. The derived data indicated, at a statistically significant level, that the visual-searching task was effective in successfully classifying 80% of the brain-damaged sample when compared to the schizophrenic patients and discriminating 90% of the brain-damaged patients from normal subjects.

EEG Based BCI Using Visual Imagery Task for Robot Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnaini Azmy ◽  
Norlaili Mat Safri
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Imagery Task ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Wireless Robot ◽  
Scalp Location ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this study is to detect the brain activation on scalp by Electroencephalogram (EEG) task–based for brain computer interface (BCI) using wirelessly control robot. EEG was measured in 8 normal subjects for control and task conditions. The objective is to determine one scalp location which will give signals that can be used to control the wireless robot using BCI and EEG, using non invasive and without subject training. In control condition subjects were ask to relax but in task condition, subjects were asked to imagine a star rotating clockwise at position 45 degrees direction pointed by the wireless robot where at this angle the target is located. At position 0 and 90 degree angle subjects were asked to relax since there is no target on that direction. Using EEG spectral power analysis and normalization, the optimum location for this task has been detected at position F8 which is in frontal cortex area and the rhythm happened at alpha frequency band. At this position, the signals from the brain should be able to drive the robot to the required direction by giving correct and accurate signals to robot moving towards target.

scholarly journals Repeatability of the Evaluation of Perception of Dyspnea in Normal Subjects Assessed Through Inspiratory Resistive Loads

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia K Fernandes ◽  
Bruna Ziegler ◽  
Glauco L Konzen ◽  
Paulo R.S Sanches ◽  
André F Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loading System ◽  
Resistive Loads ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Intra Class Correlation Coefficient

Purpose: Study the repeatability of the evaluation of the perception of dyspnea using an inspiratory resistive loading system in healthy subjects. Methods: We designed a cross sectional study conducted in individuals aged 18 years and older. Perception of dyspnea was assessed using an inspiratory resistive load system. Dyspnea was assessed during ventilation at rest and at increasing resistive loads (0.6, 6.7, 15, 25, 46.7, 67, 78 and returning to 0.6 cm H2O/L/s). After breathing in at each level of resistive load for two minutes, the subject rated the dyspnea using the Borg scale. Subjects were tested twice (intervals from 2 to 7 days). Results: Testing included 16 Caucasian individuals (8 male and 8 female, mean age: 36 years). The median scores for dyspnea rating in the first test were 0 at resting ventilation and 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 7 and 1 point, respectively, with increasing loads. The median scores in the second test were 0 at resting and 0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4 and 0.5 points, respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.57, 0.80, 0.74, 0.80, 0.83, 0.86, 0.91, and 0.92 for each resistive load, respectively. In a generalized linear model analysis, there was a statistically significant difference between the levels of resistive loads (p<0.001) and between tests (p=0.003). Dyspnea scores were significantly lower in the second test. Conclusion: The agreement between the two tests of the perception of dyspnea was only moderate and dyspnea scores were lower in the second test. These findings suggest a learning effect or an effect that could be at least partly attributed to desensitization of dyspnea sensation in the brain.

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