Transitioning from Fixed-Length Questionnaires to Computer-Adaptive Versions

2008 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto B. Walter ◽  
Heinz Holling
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interpersonal Competence ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Item Calibration ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Test Dimensionality ◽  
Fixed Length

To investigate how an existing questionnaire can be transformed into a computer-adaptive version, we developed an adaptive version of the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ). This adaptive version was based on a representative sample (N = 1934) of respondents who answered 30 items from a German translation of the ICQ. A random half of the sample was used to evaluate test dimensionality, calibrate the items, and model the relation between person parameters and raw total scores. The other random half of the sample was employed to assess the comparability of person parameters and raw scores. After these tests and item calibration, 28 items remained in the item pool. A high correlation was found between raw scores and estimated scores using all items. Raw scores could be predicted accurately from estimated person parameters. These results indicate that our approach is an effective technique for transforming an existing questionnaire into a computer-adaptive version.

John Conrad Hansen (1869–1952) and his scientific illustrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Museum ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Other Hand

Over the course of his 14-year career at Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History, artist and engraver John Conrad Hansen rendered hundreds of beautiful and accurate scientific illustrations of animals – mostly extinct fossil vertebrates. His principal media were oil paintings, pencil, pen-and-ink and wash drawings. Many of his illustrations have been published in the scientific literature. His oil paintings, on the other hand, were made for display alongside specimens in the Field Museum's exhibits. Despite the quality of Hansen's full-colour reconstructions, few of them have been seen outside the Museum. A small, representative sample of his work is reproduced here, along with a brief account of his troubled life and career.

scholarly journals DIFERENCIAÇÃO CATIÔNICA DE BENTONITAS POR INFRAVERMELHO: UM ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS DA HIDRATAÇÃO DOS CÁTIONS TROCÁVEIS

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia Rodrigues ◽  
Rômulo Angélica ◽  
Simone Paz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Mir Spectroscopy ◽  
Sodium Activation ◽  
Hydrated Sample

CATIONIC DIFFERENTIATION OF BENTONITES BY INFRARED: A STUDY OF THE HYDRATION EFFECTS OF EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS. In the bentonite industry, the most common procedure for quality control of the ore and the sodium activation process is the swelling method. However, this tool is restricted only to the differentiation of the sodium and non-sodium types, not considering the other cationic varieties. The objective of this study was to establish parameters for cationic differentiation of bentonites based on Near Infrared (NIR) and Medium (MIR) spectroscopy, which proved to be an effective technique in the cationic differentiation of bentonites using the characteristic bands “7072 cm-1” and “3620 and 3430 cm-1” under the condition of the dry-hydrated sample and not under the anhydrous condition. NIRS can be considered a measure of great scientific and technological contribution, as it allows the cationic differentiation of bentonites in a practical way and with low analytical cost.

Economic Aspects of Tender Spot Injection Therapy

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
IHJ Bourne
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Injection Therapy ◽  
Group Practice ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Financial Audit ◽  
Prescription Costs ◽  
Skeletal Pain ◽  
Tender Spot

One partner of a four man general practice in Essex used injection therapy to tender spots for musculo-skeletal pain. In a financial audit it was found that the prescription costs for this doctor were significantly less than the average for the other partners. It is speculated that the savings were due to effective elimination of musculo-skeletal pain by tender spot injection, thus reducing the need for analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication in these patients. If one doctor in every group practice nationwide were to adopt a similar, effective technique for treating musculo-skeletal pain, extrapolation of the savings to this practice suggest a national saving in excess of £95 million per year.

WERE THERE SLAVES IN THE AUDIENCE OF PLAUTUS’ COMEDIES?

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 654-671
Author(s):  
Peter Brown
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
The Other

The purpose of this paper is to examine the evidence commonly claimed to show the presence of slaves in the audience of Plautus’ comedies (above all the evidence of his prologue to Poenulus) and to argue that it more probably shows the opposite, that slaves were not present, or at least were expected not to be. The question is given some urgency by the appearance of Amy Richlin's new book, which takes the presence of slaves in the audience for granted and builds on it to develop a view of Plautine comedy as addressing the experiences, hopes and fears of those slaves. Richlin cites the Poenulus prologue at pages 89–90, accepting it without detailed discussion as indicating the presence of slaves in the audience; and it has been cited similarly in standard handbooks from which I quote a representative sample of remarks below. Some scholars have said things in passing which suggest a different conclusion, but they too have not discussed the question in detail or examined the other evidence that has been thought relevant to the issue. I think that the time is ripe for closer scrutiny of all this evidence.

Mandibular Widening by Distraction Osteogenesis in the Treatment of a Constricted Mandible and Telescopic Bite

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Kita ◽  
Shoko Kochi ◽  
Atsushi Yamada ◽  
Yoshimichi Imai ◽  
Noriaki Konno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Pain

Objective Documentation of the application of mandibular widening by distraction osteogenesis and orthodontics. Patients Three patients with telescopic bite resulting from an extremely constricted mandible related to hypoglossia-hypodactyly syndrome. Intervention Mandibular widening by distraction osteogenesis using an extraoral device and subsequent orthodontic treatment. Results The extremely constricted mandible and telescopic bite were dramatically improved by mandibular widening using distraction osteogenesis and subsequent orthodontics. Two of the three patients had transient complications; one reported temporomandibular joint pain and the other showed evidence of periodontal damage. Conclusion Mandibular widening by distraction osteogenesis is an effective technique for the treatment of telescopic bite resulting from an extremely constricted mandible.

‘WHAT IS BEAUTIFUL IS LOVED’: PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS IN LOVE RELATIONSHIPS IN A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Sangrador ◽  
Carlos Yela
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Love Relationships ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Working Hypotheses

From many theoretical standpoints (behaviorist, cognitive, socio-biological, psychodynamic, socialization) it is predictable that Physical Attractiveness of the Other person (PAO) is actually more important in the loving relationships than people usually believe. To verify the working hypotheses derived from this general one, a questionnaire was administered in individual interviews, to a representative sample (n=1949) of the Spanish population. Data about perceived physical attractiveness by the interviewee in his/her partner, and some variables relevant to loving relationships, were collected. Results indicate that PAO is the principal factor in sporadic relationships, and influences the manner of falling in love. It is also important in stable relationships. In addition, PAO is linked both to feelings and thoughts associated with love (intimacy, passion, commitment, idealization) and to satisfaction with the relationship.

Deaths of sheep after shearing

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
JCD Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Cold Wind

A survey of deaths after shearing was made by means of a questionnaire, sent to a sample of woolgrowers during three years (1958-1960). About one-third of the recipients completed the questions on deaths and many less the other questions, but the estimate of deaths appeared to be based on a representative sample of Australian properties.Total deaths per annum averaged about 0.7% of sheep and lambs shorn and three-quarters were in the first 14 days after shearing. Percentage of deaths ranged from 0-36 but only 6% of the returns gave more than 2%. Most of the losses over 2% were in cold wind with rain. When a high mortality occurred in weather other than this, the sheep were usually in poor condition. Deaths after shearing were not related to the period of yarding without feed, which was usually 1-2 days.The bearing of this survey on the economics of prophylactic and therapeutic measures is discussed.

Taxonomic aspects of Peronosporaceae inferred from Bayesian molecular phylogenetics

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 672-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Göker ◽  
H Voglmayr ◽  
A Riethmüller ◽  
M Weiß ◽  
F Oberwinkler
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
New Genus ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Downy Mildews

We present the results of a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of parts of the nuclear 28S rDNA of a representative sample of the Peronosporales. Peronospora s.l. is shown to be paraphyletic. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, several species of the genus Peronospora are transferred to Hyaloperonospora. Plasmopara oplismeni appears to be related only distantly to the other Plasmopara species, and is transferred to the new genus Viennotia based on molecular, morphological, and ecological evidence. The remaining Plasmopara species are likely to be paraphyletic with respect to Bremia, Paraperonospora, and Basidiophora. Phytophthora is shown to be paraphyletic with respect to the obligatory biotrophic genera. Evidence for the assumption that obligatory biotrophism arose independently at least twice in Peronosporales is demonstrated.Key words: LSU rDNA, Straminipila, Peronosporomycetes, Peronosporales, downy mildews, Bayesian phylogenetic analysis.

scholarly journals Diarrhoea and enteritis amongst infants in the London area, 1930–8

1946 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Payling Wright ◽  
Helen Payling Wright
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Widespread Dissemination

The present inquiry was undertaken to obtain some indication of the relative frequencies of deaths amongst infants from the various forms of diarrhoea and enteritis—‘neonatal’, ‘parenteral’ and ‘infectious’—in the Greater London area in the decade before the war. Since much of the material needed for such an analysis was not available in the published records, a sampling inquiry, making use of the more elaborate records maintained by the Medical Officer of Health, was undertaken for the Borough of Willesden. A comparison of the relevant epidemiological and social conditions in this borough with those in the Greater London area as a whole showed, that for such a purpose, it might properly be regarded as a representative sample.There was little evidence for the occurrence of the neonatal form in Willesden during the period studied, nor did the seasonal distribution of the deaths suggest that many took place in consequence of preceding parenteral infections. On the other hand, there did seem to be some evidence that a significant proportion of these deaths were in some degree associated with one another, in time or place or both, and it is suggested that this distribution might have resulted from the widespread dissemination in the community of one or more strains of some common micro-organism of relatively low virulence for all but the infant population.A less detailed study of data for other London boroughs, viz., Bermondsey, Croydon, East Ham, Tottenham and West Ham, supported the main conclusion reached from the Willesden records.

scholarly journals Finding the best fit for direct and indirect causation: a typological study

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Natalia Levshina
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diverse Families ◽  
Causative Constructions ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Semantic Distinction

AbstractThe contrast between direct and indirect causation is the most widely discussed semantic distinction in the literature on causative constructions. This distinction has been claimed to correlate with a number of formal parameters, such as formal distance, productivity and length, which are linked to different functional and diachronic explanations based on the principles of iconicity and economy. The present study tests these claims on a typologically representative sample of languages from 46 diverse families, examining four formal variables and their association with (in)directness of causation. According to the data, formal length displays the most pervasive association with the semantic distinction in question, which supports the economy-based explanation. In addition, the relative prominence of the other formal parameters depends on the type of causatives and their stage of grammaticalization.

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