Psychometric Validation of the German Translation of the Quality of Life Questionnaire-Bronchiectasis (QOL-B)—Data from the German Bronchiectasis Registry PROGNOSIS

Patients with bronchiectasis feature considerable symptom burden and reduced health-related quality of life (QOL). We provide the psychometric validation of the German translation of the disease-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire-Bronchiectasis (QOL-B), version 3.1, using baseline data of adults consecutively enrolled into the prospective German bronchiectasis registry PROGNOSIS. Overall, 904 patients with evaluable QOL-B scores were included. We observed no relevant floor or ceiling effects. Internal consistency was good to excellent (Cronbach’s α ≥0.73 for each scale). QOL-B scales discriminated between patients based on prior pulmonary exacerbations and hospitalizations, breathlessness, bronchiectasis severity index, lung function, sputum volume, Pseudomonas aeruginosa status and the need for regular pharmacotherapy, except for Social Functioning, Vitality and Emotional Functioning scales. We observed moderate to strong convergence between several measures of disease severity and QOL-B scales, except for Social and Emotional Functioning. Two-week test-retest reliability was good, with intraclass correlation coefficients ≥0.84 for each scale. Minimal clinical important difference ranged between 8.5 for the Respiratory Symptoms and 14.1 points for the Social Functioning scale. Overall, the German translation of the QOL-B, version 3.1, has good validity and test-retest reliability among a nationally representative adult bronchiectasis cohort. However, responsiveness of QOL-B scales require further investigation during registry follow-up.

A German Adaptation of the Prosociality Scale

Introduction: This paper presents a German translation of the 16-item Prosociality Scale. We analyzed its factor structure based on theoretical assumptions regarding the inclusion of empathy as one element of prosociality or as its underlying construct. Methods and Results: We translated the items into German taking into account both the English and the Italian item wordings. The scale's factor structure was analyzed with three models testing (1) unidimensionality, (2) a four-factor structure with four items on each factor, and (3) a variant of a bifactor model with a general factor including all items and three residual factors with four items each. We analyzed construct validity using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Finally, we identified two 13-item versions with good model fit. Conclusion: The German Prosociality Scale is not unidimensional. Empathy seems to be the underlying construct of prosociality, but it can also be considered an element of prosociality.

German translation of the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire

Here we present the German version of the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire (Becerra et al., 2020).

Johann Georg Triegler (Trigler): A Half-Forgotten Intellectual from the Turn of the Sixteenth Century, Former Owner of the Chansonnier Compiled for Beatrice of Aragon

The famous manuscript made in the late 1460s or early 1470s for Princess Beatrice of Aragon is nowadays known as the Mellon Chansonnier. Beatrice took this codex with her to Central Europe, where in 1476 she married the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus. After his death, in 1491, Beatrice married Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary, but this second marriage was declared unlawful by the pope and in 1501 Beatrice returned to Naples. The codex evidently remained somewhere in Central Europe, because in 1609 the musician Matthaeus Roth, from Glatz, donated it to the scholar Johann Georg Triegler, who was active mainly in Moravia and Upper Silesia and in 1614 published his German translation of the medieval treatise De Sphera. Triegler died before 1622 and, besides the Mellon Chansonnier, four sixteenth-century prints from his estate are preserved in libraries in the Czech Republic. It is still not clear what happened to the Mellon Chansonnier after Triegler’s death, but the codex was later owned by the French collector Joseph Vitta (1860–1942). In 1939 it was bought at an auction in London by Paul Mellon, who donated it to the University of Yale.

New Zealand Novel Auē by Becky Manawatu in German Translation

<p>This MA thesis explores a functionalist approach to literary translation of contemporary New Zealand prose fiction through my original German translation of an excerpt from Becky Manawatu’s Auē (2019) and a commentary comprising an analysis of linguistically hybrid features and their translation challenges. The excerpt chosen for translation consists of three and a half chapters to cover all four of the book’s narrative perspectives. I argue that there are three predominant features that give the novel its linguistically hybrid character and challenge the literary translator with their cultural specificity: borrowing and codeswitching into te reo Māori, colloquial speech in dialogues and the four different narrative voices. With a functionalist analysis based on Nord’s skopos theory, I highlight functions and effects of these features and examine why they challenge the German translator. Three specific problems, which arose during the translation process of Auē, further illustrate that a decision between foreignization and domestication tactics is highly dependent on respective functions in the source text and can vary from case to case. Ultimately, the translator needs to aim at a balanced target text that both encourages the readers to engage with the newness of foreign aspects and facilitates access to such aspects where needed. With my translation and commentary, I contribute to the research of cultural specificity in Literary Translation Studies with an example of a balanced German translation and a functional analysis of a contemporary work of New Zealand prose fiction and its linguistically hybrid features.</p>

New Zealand Novel Auē by Becky Manawatu in German Translation

<p>This MA thesis explores a functionalist approach to literary translation of contemporary New Zealand prose fiction through my original German translation of an excerpt from Becky Manawatu’s Auē (2019) and a commentary comprising an analysis of linguistically hybrid features and their translation challenges. The excerpt chosen for translation consists of three and a half chapters to cover all four of the book’s narrative perspectives. I argue that there are three predominant features that give the novel its linguistically hybrid character and challenge the literary translator with their cultural specificity: borrowing and codeswitching into te reo Māori, colloquial speech in dialogues and the four different narrative voices. With a functionalist analysis based on Nord’s skopos theory, I highlight functions and effects of these features and examine why they challenge the German translator. Three specific problems, which arose during the translation process of Auē, further illustrate that a decision between foreignization and domestication tactics is highly dependent on respective functions in the source text and can vary from case to case. Ultimately, the translator needs to aim at a balanced target text that both encourages the readers to engage with the newness of foreign aspects and facilitates access to such aspects where needed. With my translation and commentary, I contribute to the research of cultural specificity in Literary Translation Studies with an example of a balanced German translation and a functional analysis of a contemporary work of New Zealand prose fiction and its linguistically hybrid features.</p>

О переводе двух песен эпоса «Гесер» Б. Бергманом

Introduction. In 1802–1803, Benjamin Bergmann made a trip to the Kalmyk steppes to collect historical, literary, and folklore material on the Kalmyks and the Kalmyk culture. The result of this journey was the 1804–1805 publication of “Nomadische Streifereien unter den Kalmüken in den Jahren 1802 und 1803” (Nomadic wanderings among Kalmyks in 1802–1803) in Riga, which up to the present day has not lost its importance as a source of information on the culture and life of the Kalmyks in the 18th and 19th centuries. The four-volume work contains translations of various texts from Kalmyk into German, including the two songs of the “Geser” epos. This is in fact the earliest translation of “Geser” songs into a European language. Data. The German translation of the two “Geser” songs published by Bergmann in his work has been used as the material for the present research. The aim of the article. Bergmann’s translation of the songs is often mentioned in scholarly publications, but so far, no Russian translation of the songs in full has been made. To facilitate the research of the Oirat-Kalmyk “Geser” and especially of the songs in question, this article presents their scientific translation into Russian made by the present author. Also, the article discusses the character of the Kalmyk originals of the epic songs. So far it has been believed that an oral retelling was the source for the German translation of the songs. However, there is sufficient evidence for a new hypothesis because the analysis of the data undertaken in this study indicates that apparently there was a written Oirat source for the translation. Conclusions. Besides the complete Russian translation of the “Geser” sagas offered here, the article puts forward the hypothesis of the written nature of the original source, which served as the basis for Bergmann’s German translation.

Theological and Exegetical Foundations of some Translation Solutions in BTD (Based on Chapters 1-12 of the Gospel of Luke). Part III

В данной статье, посвящённой первым двенадцати главам Евангелия от Луки, мы продолжаем сравнивать переводческие решения BTD и других переводов как на русский, так и на западноевропейские языки. Наибольшее внимание уделяется определению точного значения греческих лексем и их адекватному переводу. На основании лексикографических данных, анализа новозаветных контекстов и богословских соображений предлагается новый перевод ряда евангельских мест, в большей степени учитывающий семантические нюансы исходного текста. Также рассматриваются текстологические проблемы, в частности, в шестом разделе предлагаются аргументы в пользу византийского чтения против чтения NANTG. The article continues the analysis of the new German translation of the Four Gospels in the Byzantine tradition (BTD). This time a number of passages from the Gospel of Luke are considered. The major theme of the article is interpretation of semantic force of some Greek words - including the issue of lexical Hebraisms which is discussed in section 1 - based on lexicografical material, and also on contextual and theological considerations. It shows that BTD offers in a number of cases a more nuanced translation than is usual. Issues of textual criticism are also discussed. In one case arguments for the Byzantine text against the NANTG reading are presented (section 6). The author notes strong and weak points in the modern Russian translations of the relevant passages.

Breathing New Life into the German Utility Model System in the Industry 4.0 Era

Key players of Industry 4.0, high-tech firms and individual inventors, do not use patents to exclude others due to the open source philosophy and the risk of a counter-infringement assertion. These key players have developed new uses of patents: (1) defensive use to avoid litigation and (2) proactive use to promote open innovation. They want to be rewarded with the freedom to operate instead of monopoly profits through exclusivity. To better serve the key players in light of these new uses, the German utility model system should be reformed by incorporating a statutory license to implement the open source philosophy and adopting a simplified claiming and disclosure format. The current German translation requirement should be removed to globalize the system.