The Structure of Conflict Styles in Adolescents

Abstract. This study examines the latent structure of the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory – II (ROCI-II) in several samples of secondary school students. Findings from earlier studies conducted in adult populations suggested that the instrument has a four- or five-factor structure; however, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in this study yielded a three-factor (integrating, dominating, avoiding) solution, with most of the items associated with a fourth factor (Obliging) failing to load as predicted. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) replicated the three-factor solution satisfactorily. A multiple-group CFA indicated that the ROCI-II showed invariant measurement properties in male and female students and corroborated the concurrent validity of the three-factor solution. The integrating factor was related positively to a measure of perspective taking but negatively to a measure of reluctance to participate. The avoiding factor was associated with a measure of reluctance to participate. We discuss the implications of the results for understanding the latent structure of the ROCI-II in adolescents.

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Why Choose Psychology? An Investigation of Norwegian High School Students

Psychology Learning & Teaching ◽

10.1177/1475725719872134 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 128-142

Author(s):

Anja Møgelvang Jacobsen ◽

Åge Diseth

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Academic Performance ◽

High School Students ◽

Common Reason ◽

School Students ◽

Factor Solution ◽

General Satisfaction ◽

The Subject ◽

Three Factor

Psychology as an A-level subject in senior high school (12th to 13th grade) has increased in popularity in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate why students choose psychology as a subject, and their satisfaction with this choice. A total of 624 Norwegian students responded to a survey. A factor analysis supported a three-factor solution in relation to reasons for choosing to study psychology in terms of “interest,” “therapy,” and “rigor.” The results showed that interest in the subject was the most common reason, thus supporting the “sexy subject hypothesis.” However, a substantial minority of the students also reported personal reasons for choosing psychology, hence there was some support for the “therapy hypothesis.” The least pertinent reason for choosing this subject was a perception of psychology as an easy subject. Hence, the “rigor hypothesis” was not supported. The findings also showed general satisfaction with their choice of psychology as a subject, and realistic expectations of expected academic performance (grades) in psychology. Practical consequences were discussed.

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A confirmatory factor analysis of the structure of schizotypy

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.2410090404 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 271-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Oliver Mason

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Factor Model ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Factor Analytic ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Three Factor

Recent research into schizotypal traits has been concerned with the number and nature of these personality dimensions. Earlier exploratory factor analytic work using a wide variety of scales (the CSTQ) has generated a four‐factor solution but other solutions have been provided by other investigators. This study uses confirmatory factor analysis on a large sample to compare several plausible models of the relationships between scales. These models include a two‐factor model separating ‘positive’ from ‘negative’ schizotypal features, a three‐factor model including features of cognitive disorganization, and the four‐factor model generated previously by exploratory factor analysis. Results offer support for the four‐factor solution as the only structure meeting multiple criteria for goodness of fit. The relevance of Eysenck's dimensions, and the P scale in particular, to the results is discussed. Attention is drawn to the possibility that the factors describe predispositions of risk of psychotic disorders beyond that of schizophrenia.

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Construct validity test of evaluation tool for professional behaviors of entry-level occupational therapy students in the United States

Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions ◽

10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.22 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hon K. Yuen ◽

Andres Azuero ◽

Kaitlin W. Lackey ◽

Nicole S. Brown ◽

Sangita Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Model ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

The United States ◽

Professional Behavior ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Professional Behaviors ◽

Entry Level ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Three Factor

Purpose: This study aimed to test the construct validity of an instrument to measure student professional behaviors in entry-level occupational therapy (OT) students in the academic setting. Methods: A total of 718 students from 37 OT programs across the United States answered a self-assessment survey of professional behavior that we developed. The survey consisted of ranking 28 attributes, each on a 5-point Likert scale. A split-sample approach was used for exploratory and then confirmatory factor analysis. Results: A three-factor solution with nine items was extracted using exploratory factor analysis [EFA] (n=430, 60%). The factors were ‘Commitment to Learning’ (2 items), ‘Skills for Learning’ (4 items), and ‘Cultural Competence’ (3 items). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the validation split (n=288, 40%) indicated fair fit for this three-factor model (fit indices: CFI=0.96, RMSEA=0.06, and SRMR=0.05). Internal consistency reliability estimates of each factor and the instrument ranged from 0.63 to 0.79. Conclusion: Results of the CFA in a separate validation dataset provided robust measures of goodness-of-fit for the three-factor solution developed in the EFA, and indicated that the three-factor model fitted the data well enough. Therefore, we can conclude that this student professional behavior evaluation instrument is a structurally validated tool to measure professional behaviors reported by entry-level OT students. The internal consistency reliability of each individual factor and the whole instrument was considered to be adequate to good.

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Math Homework Purpose Scale

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 47-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meilu Sun ◽

Jianxia Du ◽

Jianzhong Xu

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Math Achievement ◽

Validity Evidence ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Entire Sample ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Alpha Reliability ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Three Factor ◽

Reliability Coefficients

Abstract. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Math Homework Purpose Scale (MHPS). After randomly splitting the sample ( N = 854) into two subsamples ( n = 427 and n = 427), we carried out exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on subsample 1 and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on subsample 2. The Kaiser-Meyer Olkin value of .88 indicated that EFA was appropriate for subsample 1. EFA results showed that a three-factor solution explained 72.2% of the variance. All ten of the MHPS items loaded quite substantially on three factors labeled Academic, Self-Regulatory, and Approval-Seeking. CFA results further showed that the MHPS was composed of three factors: Academic, Self-Regulatory, and Approval-Seeking. From this adequate level of measurement invariance, we further examined the latent mean difference across gender for the entire sample. Our findings showed no statistically significant mean differences in Academic, Self-Regulatory, and Approval-Seeking across gender. In addition, the HMPS was found to have adequate alpha reliability coefficients and omega coefficients. Concerning the validity evidence of the MHPS, Academic, Self-Regulatory, and Approval-Seeking purposes were positively correlated with homework effort, homework completion, and math achievement. The present study provides solid evidence that the MHPS is a reliable and valid measurement of math homework purposes.

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Abstract P243: Measurement Properties of the Short Acculturation Scale: Preliminary Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap243 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Elena L Navas-Nacher ◽

Patricia Gonzalez ◽

Orit Birnbaum-Weitzman ◽

Gregory A Talavera ◽

Neil Schneiderman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Measurement Properties ◽

Health Study ◽

Population Census ◽

Sampling Weights ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Language Groups ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Background: Extensive epidemiologic evidence suggests that greater acculturation levels are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is little information on the reliability and validity of instruments to measure acculturation across Hispanic/Latino (H/L) groups who prefer to communicate in English or Spanish. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Short Acculturation Scale (SASH) to determine whether it is a reliable measure in a large, diverse sample of H/Ls, and whether there is measurement invariance across language groups. Methods: Cross-sectional data were used from the multi-site HCHS/SOL (Bronx, Chicago, Miami and San Diego) and included Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Mexican, Central or South American background household resident adults (18 to 74 years old; n = 16,331). Households were selected using a stratified two-stage probability sampling design, and door-to-door recruitment with sampling weights calibrated to the 2010 US Population Census. A 10-item abbreviated version of the SASH was administered in English or Spanish per the participant’s preference. Standardized factor loadings were calculated for all item-level confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) models. Results: The overall scale reliability was acceptable in the full sample (α =.90) and for both language versions (α =.78 for English, and α =.85 for Spanish). The Cronbach’s alphas were similar across H/L ethnic groups (ranging from α =.85 for South Americans to α =.89 for Mexicans). Data from the exploratory factor analysis suggested a 2 factor solution, with dimensions of language use and ethnic social relationships. In addition, CFA showed that the 2 factor solution was invariant across the Spanish and English groups. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that the abbreviated SASH scale is reliable across language versions, and comparable (in terms of reliability and factors structure) across H/L ethnic groups.

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Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the 12-item Arabic World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) as a screening tool for Syrian refugees

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.1017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Aemal Akhtar ◽

Pim Cuijpers ◽

Naser Morina ◽

Marit Sijbrandij ◽

Richard Bryant

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Screening Tool ◽

World Health ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Whodas 2.0 ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Health Organization ◽

Three Factor

Background The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) is a generic measure of functional impairment and disability but to date no studies have reported its applicability in a population of Syrian refugees. Aims The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Arabic version of the WHODAS 2.0 among a population of Syrian refugees in a Jordanian refugee camp setting. The tool was used as part of a screening procedure for a randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of a low-intensity psychological intervention. Method A representative sample of Syrian refugees (n = 650) were screened to assess levels of functional impairment and psychological distress. The screening results were used to explore the internal consistency and dimensionality of the WHODAS 2.0. We assessed level of convergence with the validated Kessler 10-item Psychological Distress Scale (K10), which assesses psychological distress. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to explore the construct validity and factor structure of the WHODAS 2.0. Results The mean baseline WHODAS 2.0 score was 20.5 (s.d. = 7.6). The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha 0.74), with all 12-items appearing to be related to the same construct. The WHODAS 2.0 was positively correlated with the K10 (r = 0.57, P < 0.001). The results of the EFA identified a three-factor solution accounting for 51% of variation, corresponding with factors related to self-activities, external activities and self-care. CFA results indicated good fit of the three-factor solution. Conclusions The results indicated that the WHODAS 2.0 has a three-factor solution and is an acceptable screening tool for use among Syrian refugees.

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Trauma-spectrum symptoms among the Italian general population in the time of the COVID-19 outbreak

10.1101/2020.06.01.20118935 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rodolfo Rossi ◽

Valentina Socci ◽

Dalila Talevi ◽

Cinzia Niolu ◽

Francesca Pacitti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

General Population ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Italian Population ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Three Factor

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence showed substantial negative mental health outcomes associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic, including trauma-related symptoms although the effects on the Italian population who were subjected to unprecedented nationwide lockdown measure remains unknown. The Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) is a brief instrument designed to assess a broad range of trauma-related symptoms with no available validation in the Italian population.AimsThis study aimed at examining the factor structure of the Italian version of the GPS in a general population sample exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic and at evaluating trauma-related symptoms in the Italian population in the context of specific COVID-19 related risk factors associated with the implementation of lockdown measures and social distancing.MethodsCross-sectional web-based observational study, as part of a long-term monitoring programme of mental health outcomes in the general population. 18147 participants completed a self-report online questionnaire to collect key demographic data and to evaluate trauma-related symptoms using the GPS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI and PSS. Validation analyses included both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analyses.ResultsExploratory factor analyses supported both a two-factor and a three-factor model. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a one-factor solution that was used as a baseline comparison showed acceptable fit indices, the two-factor solution showed good fit indices, but the best fitting model was a three-factor solution, with Negative Affect (symptoms of depressed mood, anxiety, irritability), core Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) (avoidance, re-experiencing, hyperarousal and insomnia) and Dissociative symptoms. GPS Risk factors as well as specific COVID-19 related stressful events, were associated with GPS total as well as the three factor scores.ConclusionsOur data suggest that a wide range of trauma-spectrum symptoms were reported by a large Italian sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. The GPS symptoms clustered best in three factors: Negative Affect symptoms, Core PTSS, and Dissociative symptoms. In particular high rates of core PTSS and negative affect symptoms were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and should be routinely assessed in clinical practice.

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A factor analytic examination of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire-Revised: A three-factor model

10.31235/osf.io/4cf6k ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Kamden K Strunk

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Achievement Goals ◽

Factor Model ◽

Achievement Goal ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Factor Analytic ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Best Fit ◽

Three Factor

The literature in achievement goals includes mixed results as to the factor structure of achievement goal measures, particularly the Achievement Goal Questionnaire, Revised (AGQ-R). In a sample of 1,496 undergraduate students (600 men, 891 women, 5 gender unreported; M age = 20.6 yr., SD = 3.2), the AGQ-R was subjected to an exploratory factor analysis that suggested three factors. Then, in a different sample of 1,125 undergraduate students (270 men, 750 women, 5 gender unreported; M age = 21.7 yr., SD = 5.4), the measure was subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis, in which a three-factor solution, again, showed the best fit to the observed data. The implications of these results for the measurement of achievement goals are discussed.

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Physical Dating Aggression in Adolescence

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000045 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 278-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Annalaura Nocentini ◽

Ersilia Menesini ◽

Concetta Pastorelli ◽

Jennifer Connolly ◽

Debra Pepler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Physical Aggression ◽

Factorial Invariance ◽

Latent Structure ◽

Cultural Issues ◽

Single Group ◽

Dating Aggression ◽

Multiple Group ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The present study aims to investigate the latent structure of a Physical Dating Aggression Scale in Italian and Canadian adolescents and to evaluate the measurement invariance across gender and country. Participants involved 1,628 adolescents (704 Italians and 924 Canadians; 800 males and 828 females) aged 14–16 years. A revised version of the CTS Physical Aggression Scale ( Straus, 1979 ) modified to make the items more acceptable to younger teens was used. Results from Single-Group confirmatory factor analysis supported a monodimensional structure as the most parsimonious index of Physical Dating Aggression. Furthermore, Multiple-Group analyses conducted through different tests (across gender in each country separately, across country in each gender separately, and across country on the whole sample) showed a substantial factorial invariance. Results are discussed in relation to age, gender, and cultural issues on Physical Dating Aggression.

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Sociotropy, Autonomy, and Self-Criticism Are Three Distinguishable Dimensions of Cognitive-Personality Vulnerability

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/0889-8391.22.3.219 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 219-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Golan Shahar ◽

Nirit Soffer ◽

Eva Gilboa-Shechtman

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Young Adults ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Personality Vulnerability ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Personality Vulnerabilities ◽

Third Dimension ◽

Three Factor

Whereas both Blatt (1974) and Beck (1983) postulated the existence of two basic cognitive-personality vulnerabilities to depression—sociotropic/anaclitic and autonomous/introjective—recent research and theorizing suggest that self-criticism is a third dimension of vulnerability. To examine the supposition that sociotropy, autonomy, and self-criticism constitute three distinct dimensions of vulnerability, we administered the Personal Style Inventory (PSI; Robins et al., 1994), six items from the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt, D’Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976) and the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI; Derogatis & Melisaratos, 1983) to 203 Israeli young adults. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provided support for the hypothesized three-factor solution. Regression analyses indicated that each of these dimensions was associated with psychopathology. Findings encourage further integrative work in the field of personality vulnerability.

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