Measuring Task-Switching Ability in the Implicit Association Test

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja D. Back ◽  
Stefan C. Schmukle ◽  
Boris Egloff
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Good Internal Consistency

Abstract. Recently, the role of method-specific variance in the Implicit Association Test (IAT) was examined ( McFarland & Crouch, 2002 ; Mierke & Klauer, 2003 ). This article presents a new content-unspecific control task for the assessment of task-switching ability within the IAT methodology. Study 1 showed that this task exhibited good internal consistency and stability. Studies 2-4 examined method-specific variance in the IAT and showed that the control task is significantly associated with conventionally scored IAT effects of the IAT-Anxiety. Using the D measures proposed by Greenwald, Nosek, and Banaji (2003 ), the amount of method-specific variance in the IAT-Anxiety could be reduced. Possible directions for future research are outlined.

scholarly journals Improving Empirical Scrutiny of the Habitus: A Plea for Incorporating Implicit Association Tests in Sociological Research

Sociology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Schaap ◽  
Jeroen van der Waal ◽  
Willem de Koster
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Association Tests ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Social Scientific

Many studies invoke the concept of the Bourdieusian habitus to account for a plethora of stratified patterns uncovered by conventional social-scientific methods. However, as a stratum-specific, embodied and largely non-declarative set of dispositions, the role of the habitus in those stratified patterns is typically not adequately scrutinised empirically. Instead, the habitus is often attributed theoretically to an empirically established link between stratification indicators and an outcome of interest. In this research note, we argue that combining conventional methods in stratification research with latency-based measures such as the Implicit Association Test enables better measurement of the habitus. This sociological application of Implicit Association Tests enables researchers to: (1) identify empirically the existence of different habitus among different social strata; and (2) determine their role in the stratified patterns to which they have thus far been attributed theoretically.

scholarly journals Measure What You are Trying to Predict: Applying the Correspondence Principle to the Implicit Association Test

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis H. Irving ◽  
Colin Smith
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Correspondence Principle ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Total N ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Explicit Measures

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is nearly synonymous with the implicit attitude construct. At the same time, correlations between the IAT and criterion measures are often remarkably low. Developed within research using explicit measures of attitudes, the correspondence principle posits that measures should better predict criteria when there is a match in terms of the level of generality or specificity at which both are conceptualized (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1977). As such, weak implicit-criterion correlations are to be expected when broad general implicit measures are used to predict highly specific criteria. Research using explicit measures of attitudes consistently supports the correspondence principle, but conceptual correspondence is rarely considered by researchers using implicit measures to predict behavior and other relevant criterion measures. In five experiments (total N = 4650), we provide the first direct evidence demonstrating the relevance of the correspondence principle to the predictive validity of the IAT and Single Target IAT. That said, it is not the case that the IAT always predicts criteria better when correspondence is high. Inconsistency across the pattern of results suggests there is much more that remains to be understood about the relevance of the correspondence principle to the implicit-criterion relationship. Taken together, however, our findings suggest that conceptual correspondence typically increases (and never decreases) the magnitude of implicit-behavior and implicit-explicit relationships. We provide a framework for future research necessary to establish when correspondence is more likely to increase the predictive validity of measures such as the IAT.

Prejudice Implicit Association Test Effects

2010 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Popa-Roch ◽  
Florian Delmas
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Association Tests ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Group Preferences

Self-concept is accessible information that can be used when facing a demanding task. Based on findings suggesting that effects observed in Implicit Association Tests (IATs) could be partially explained by the procedural features of the task, we investigated the role of participants’ self-inclusion in target categories for group IATs. We propose that IAT constraints lead participants to use self-relevant heuristics related to their membership of target categories in order to respond rapidly, which contributes to IAT group preferences. Thus positive IAT effects should dramatically diminish if participants were induced not to use self-related heuristics. Study 1 showed that when mapping outgroup names and idiosyncratic characteristics of participants onto the same category during the IAT task, the IAT effect no longer occurs. Study 2 replicated these findings when associating outgroup-participants’ idiosyncratic characteristics prior to the completion of the standard IAT. Therefore inhibiting the use of self-related heuristics reduces IAT effects. The implications of our results for the construct validity of prejudice IATs are discussed.

Development of an Implicit Overall Well-Being Measure Using the Implicit Association Test

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darío Díaz ◽  
Javier Horcajo ◽  
Amalio Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level

Usually, well-being has been measured by means of questionnaires or scales. Although most of these methods have a high level of reliability and validity, they present some limitations. In order to try to improve well-being assessment, in the present work, the authors propose a new complementary instrument: The Implicit Overall Well-Being Measure (IOWBM). The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was adapted to measure well-being by assessing associations of the self with well-being-related words. In the first study, the IOWBM showed good internal consistency and adequate temporal reliability. In the second study, it presented weak correlations with explicit well-being measures. The third study examined the validity of the measure, analyzing the effect of traumatic memories on implicit well-being. The results showed that people who remember a traumatic event presented low levels of implicit well-being compared with people in the control condition.

scholarly journals Rasch gone mixed: A mixed model approach to the Implicit Association Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottavia M. Epifania ◽  
Egidio Robusto ◽  
Pasquale Anselmi
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Mixed Model Approach ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Implicit Assessment

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is one of the most commonly used measures for the implicit assessment of preferences and attitudes. Nevertheless, the meaning of the IAT effect remains unclear. Since the IAT is based on the speed and accuracy with which different stimuli are categorized in the category to which they belong, the sense of the IAT measure is strongly related to the functioning of the stimuli used to represent the categories. Thus, a model providing a fine-grained analysis at both respondents and stimuli levels would help in clarifying and interpreting the IAT measure. By applying Linear Mixed Effects Models to IAT accuracy and time responses, this study aims to present a modeling framework for IAT data resulting in such a detailed analysis at both respondents and stimuli levels. The proposed models provide a detailed picture of the contribution of each stimulus to the IAT effect, allowing for the identification of malfunctioning stimuli that can be eliminated or substituted to obtain better performing IATs. Additionally, the detailed information on respondents' performance yields a better understanding of the classic measure of the IAT effect (i.e., the <i>D</i> score). Implications of the results and future research directions, also implying different implicit procedures, are discussed

The Role of Self-Involvement in Shifting IAT Effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Marini ◽  
Sandro Rubichi ◽  
Giuseppe Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Association Test ◽  
The Self ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Explicit Measures

Explicit measures can be affected by self-involvement in processing of a message (Johnson & Eagly, 1989). Here, we show that self-involvement in a counter-stereotypical message also influences implicit measures such as the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). In our study, racial attitudes changed only after reading a counter-stereotypical scenario in which participants were asked to imagine themselves as victims of an assault as opposed to simply imagine an assault to a person. This shift did not depend on evaluative instructions and it was transient as it was no longer present after 1 week. These results suggest that the self-involvement might be an important factor in shifting implicit measures.

scholarly journals Cash means control

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Yevgen Bogodistov ◽  
Jürgen Moormann
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – to investigate reasons and conditions impacting payment preferences. Design/Method/Approach. In this exploratory study, we apply the Implicit Association Test in order to investigate whether the prejudice of the population of some countries such as Germany preferring cash holds. Findings. Cash payments still play a major role in a number of countries although other payment options, namely card payments, are promoted heavily.  We discover that the type of payment and the level of control are implicitly associated. We manipulate the emotions of fear and joy. The relationship changes when participants experience fear, whereas emotion of joy does not produce statistically significant effects. Practical implications. The results have major implications for the design of payment processes. Originality/Value. Our study helps explain preferences with regard to payment types as well as predict them as a response to scary or joyful events. Research limitations/Future research: Generalizability is limited. Future research can focus on other emotions and types of payment (e.g., NFC).   Paper type – empirical.    

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