A Multisensory Interaction Effect in the Conceptual Realm of Time

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ouellet ◽  
Antonio Román ◽  
Julio Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Strong Consistency ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Multisensory Interaction ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right ◽  
Temporal Judgments

Recent studies on the conceptualization of abstract concepts suggest that the concept of time is represented along a left-right horizontal axis, such that left-to-right readers represent past on the left and future on the right. Although it has been demonstrated with strong consistency that the localization (left or right) of visual stimuli could modulate temporal judgments, results obtained with auditory stimuli are more puzzling, with both failures and successes at finding the effect in the literature. The present study supports an account based on the relative relevance of visual versus auditory-spatial information in the creation of a frame of reference to map time: The auditory location of words interacted with their temporal meaning only when auditory information was made more relevant than visual spatial information by blindfolding participants.

Involvement of the Superior Temporal Cortex and the Occipital Cortex in Spatial Hearing: Evidence from Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Lewald ◽  
Ingo G. Meister ◽  
Jürgen Weidemann ◽  
Rudolf Töpper
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Spatial Hearing ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right

The processing of auditory spatial information in cortical areas of the human brain outside of the primary auditory cortex remains poorly understood. Here we investigated the role of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the occipital cortex (OC) in spatial hearing using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The right STG is known to be of crucial importance for visual spatial awareness, and has been suggested to be involved in auditory spatial perception. We found that rTMS of the right STG induced a systematic error in the perception of interaural time differences (a primary cue for sound localization in the azimuthal plane). This is in accordance with the recent view, based on both neurophysio-logical data obtained in monkeys and human neuroimaging studies, that information on sound location is processed within a dorsolateral “where” stream including the caudal STG. A similar, but opposite, auditory shift was obtained after rTMS of secondary visual areas of the right OC. Processing of auditory information in the OC has previously been shown to exist only in blind persons. Thus, the latter finding provides the first evidence of an involvement of the visual cortex in spatial hearing in sighted human subjects, and suggests a close interconnection of the neural representation of auditory and visual space. Because rTMS induced systematic shifts in auditory lateralization, but not a general deterioration, we propose that rTMS of STG or OC specifically affected neuronal circuits transforming auditory spatial coordinates in order to maintain alignment with vision.

scholarly journals Functional Features of the Brain Blocks and Prevailing Strategies of Information Processing in Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-765
Author(s):  
A. O. Kicheeva ◽  
O. Yu. Grebeshkova
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
Mental Functions ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Higher Mental Functions ◽  
Functional Capacities

The statutory meanings of higher mental functions in adults remained understudied for a long time. The present research was based on a neuropsychological analysis of the functional capacities of three brain blocks and favored strategies of information processing in adults. The analysis made it possible to distinguish five main types: 1 – with relatively weak functions of the dynamic praxis; 2 – with a moderate deficit of the left hemisphere functions; 3 – with relatively weak visualspatial functions; 4 – with a moderate deficit of brain block I resulting in the general deterioration of higher mental functions; 5 – with no functional deficit. The neuropsychological indexes showed that subgroup 1 had the lowest values of the functions of brain block III and a high level of processing of visual, auditory, and visual-spatial information. In subgroup 2, the index of the state of left hemisphere functions was law, which resulted in weak analytical strategy for processing auditory information, verbal-perceptual problems, and a slight decrease in brain block I. This meant a decrease in the voluntary regulation of activity. Subgroup 3 had the lowest index of right hemisphere functions and a deficiency of right hemispheric holistic information processing strategies. Subgroup 4 had low functional capacities of brain block I and other indicators, especially those associated with the processing of auditory, visual-spatial information, planning, and control. The adults in subgroup 5 showed good for all the indicators.

scholarly journals Computerized Neuropsychological Assessment in 6–9 Years-old Children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Korneev ◽  
T Akhutina ◽  
A Gusev ◽  
A Kremlev ◽  
E Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Mental Functions ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Higher Mental Functions ◽  
Regulation Functions

The article presents a new computer-based test battery of neuropsychological assessment in 6–9-year-old children. The battery consists of seven tests for assessing executive functions, functions of activation regulation, functions of visual-spatial information and auditory information processing. The following tests are describedin the article: the Dots task, two-colored Schulte–Gorbov tables, Corsi block span test and Understanding of Similar Sounding Words test. The battery is developed in the software platform ‘MSU-Practice’ (http://psychosoft.ru). The system allows researchers to conduct the tests, collect data and analyze them. In addition, it includes cloud service to support the collaboration of different research groups. A total of 21 preschoolers, 52 first-graders and 114 second-graders took part in a pilot study. All three groups of children took the four computer tests and went through a neuropsychological assessment adapted for children between the ages of 5 and 9. The correlation analysis showed consistency between the results of the computertests and the results of the neuropsychological assessments. This allowed us to conclude that the new computer methodology is sufficiently sensible and valid to assess different components of higher mental functions in children. Keywords: neuropsychology, higher mental functions, primary school children, cognitive functions, computer-based tests

scholarly journals Abstract spatial, but not body-related, visual information guides bimanual coordination

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Brandes ◽  
Farhad Rezvani ◽  
Tobias Heed
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Bimanual Movement ◽  
Spatial Constraints ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Bimanual Performance ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anatomical Constraints

AbstractVisual spatial information is paramount in guiding bimanual coordination, but anatomical factors, too, modulate performance in bimanual tasks. Vision conveys not only abstract spatial information, but also informs about body-related aspects such as posture. Here, we asked whether, accordingly, visual information induces body-related, or merely abstract, perceptual-spatial constraints in bimanual movement guidance. Human participants made rhythmic, symmetrical and parallel, bimanual index finger movements with the hands held in the same or different orientations. Performance was more accurate for symmetrical than parallel movements in all postures, but additionally when homologous muscles were concurrently active, such as when parallel movements were performed with differently rather than identically oriented hands. Thus, both perceptual and anatomical constraints were evident. We manipulated visual feedback with a mirror between the hands, replacing the image of the left with that of the right hand and creating the visual impression of bimanual symmetry independent of the right hand’s true movement. Symmetrical mirror feedback impaired parallel, but improved symmetrical bimanual performance compared with regular hand view. Critically, these modulations were independent of hand posture and muscle homology. Thus, vision appears to contribute exclusively to spatial, but not to body-related, anatomical movement coding in the guidance of bimanual coordination.

Coding of Spatial Information in the Somatosensory System: Evidence from Patients with Neglect following Parietal Lobe Damage

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Moscovitch ◽  
Marlene Behrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Unilateral parietal lobe damage, particularly in the right cerebral hemisphere, leads to neglect of stimuli on the contra lateral side. To determine the reference frame within which neglect operates in the somatosensory system, 11 patients with unilateral neglect were touched simultaneously on the left and right side of the wrist of one hand. The hand was tested in both the palm up and the palm down position. Patients neglected the stimuli on the side of space contra lateral to the lesion regardless of hand position. These results indicate that point-localization in the somatosensory system is accomplished with respect to a spatially defined frame-of-reference and not strictly with respect to somatotopically defined coordinates.

The attenuation of auditory neglect by implicit cues

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RAND COLEMAN ◽  
J. MICHAEL WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cerebral Processing ◽  
Language Content

This study examined implicit semantic and rhyming cues on perception of auditory stimuli among nonaphasic participants who suffered a lesion of the right cerebral hemisphere and auditory neglect of sound perceived by the left ear. Because language represents an elaborate processing of auditory stimuli and the language centers were intact among these patients, it was hypothesized that interactive verbal stimuli presented in a dichotic manner would attenuate neglect. The selected participants were administered an experimental dichotic listening test composed of six types of word pairs: unrelated words, synonyms, antonyms, categorically related words, compound words, and rhyming words. Presentation of word pairs that were semantically related resulted in a dramatic reduction of auditory neglect. Dichotic presentations of rhyming words exacerbated auditory neglect. These findings suggest that the perception of auditory information is strongly affected by the specific content conveyed by the auditory system. Language centers will process a degraded stimulus that contains salient language content. A degraded auditory stimulus is neglected if it is devoid of content that activates the language centers or other cognitive systems. In general, these findings suggest that auditory neglect involves a complex interaction of intact and impaired cerebral processing centers with content that is selectively processed by these centers (JINS, 2006, 12, 649–656.)

scholarly journals Systematic Underreproduction of Time Is Independent of Judgment Certainty

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Riemer ◽  
Darren Rhodes ◽  
Thomas Wolbers
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Time Discrimination ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Temporal Stimuli ◽  
The Right ◽  
Temporal Judgments

We recently proposed that systematic underreproduction of time is caused by a general judgment bias towards earlier responses, instead of reflecting a genuine misperception of temporal intervals. Here we tested whether this bias can be explained by the uncertainty associated with temporal judgments. We applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to inhibit neuronal processes in the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and tested its effects on time discrimination and reproduction tasks. The results show increased certainty for discriminative time judgments after PPC inhibition. They suggest that the right PPC plays an inhibitory role for time perception, possibly by mediating the multisensory integration between temporal stimuli and other quantities. Importantly, this increased judgment certainty had no influence on the degree of temporal underreproduction. We conclude that the systematic underreproduction of time is not caused by uncertainty for temporal judgments.

scholarly journals Personalized Augmented Reality Based Tourism System: Big Data and User Demographic Contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6047
Author(s):  
Soheil Rezaee ◽  
Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki ◽  
Maryam Shakeri ◽  
Soo-Mi Choi
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
User Study ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Right

A lack of required data resources is one of the challenges of accepting the Augmented Reality (AR) to provide the right services to the users, whereas the amount of spatial information produced by people is increasing daily. This research aims to design a personalized AR that is based on a tourist system that retrieves the big data according to the users’ demographic contexts in order to enrich the AR data source in tourism. This research is conducted in two main steps. First, the type of the tourist attraction where the users interest is predicted according to the user demographic contexts, which include age, gender, and education level, by using a machine learning method. Second, the correct data for the user are extracted from the big data by considering time, distance, popularity, and the neighborhood of the tourist places, by using the VIKOR and SWAR decision making methods. By about 6%, the results show better performance of the decision tree by predicting the type of tourist attraction, when compared to the SVM method. In addition, the results of the user study of the system show the overall satisfaction of the participants in terms of the ease-of-use, which is about 55%, and in terms of the systems usefulness, about 56%.

On the Relation between Visual Spatial Attention and Visual Field Asymmetries

1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A Mondor ◽  
M.P. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Letter Identification ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right

In the typical visual laterality experiment, words and letters are more rapidly and accurately identified in the right visual field than in the left. However, while such studies usually control fixation, the deployment of visual attention is rarely restricted. The present studies investigated the influence of visual attention on the visual field asymmetries normally observed in single-letter identification and lexical decision tasks. Attention was controlled using a peripheral cue that provided advance knowledge of the location of the forthcoming stimulus. The time period between the onset of the cue and the onset of the stimulus (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony—SOA) was varied, such that the time available for attention to focus upon the location was controlled. At short SO As a right visual field advantage for identifying single letters and for making lexical decisions was apparent. However, at longer SOAs letters and words presented in the two visual fields were identified equally well. It is concluded that visual field advantages arise from an interaction of attentional and structural factors and that the attentional component in visual field asymmetries must be controlled in order to approximate more closely a true assessment of the relative functional capabilities of the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

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