scholarly journals Computerized Neuropsychological Assessment in 6–9 Years-old Children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Korneev ◽  
T Akhutina ◽  
A Gusev ◽  
A Kremlev ◽  
E Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Mental Functions ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Higher Mental Functions ◽  
Regulation Functions

The article presents a new computer-based test battery of neuropsychological assessment in 6–9-year-old children. The battery consists of seven tests for assessing executive functions, functions of activation regulation, functions of visual-spatial information and auditory information processing. The following tests are describedin the article: the Dots task, two-colored Schulte–Gorbov tables, Corsi block span test and Understanding of Similar Sounding Words test. The battery is developed in the software platform ‘MSU-Practice’ (http://psychosoft.ru). The system allows researchers to conduct the tests, collect data and analyze them. In addition, it includes cloud service to support the collaboration of different research groups. A total of 21 preschoolers, 52 first-graders and 114 second-graders took part in a pilot study. All three groups of children took the four computer tests and went through a neuropsychological assessment adapted for children between the ages of 5 and 9. The correlation analysis showed consistency between the results of the computertests and the results of the neuropsychological assessments. This allowed us to conclude that the new computer methodology is sufficiently sensible and valid to assess different components of higher mental functions in children. Keywords: neuropsychology, higher mental functions, primary school children, cognitive functions, computer-based tests

scholarly journals Functional Features of the Brain Blocks and Prevailing Strategies of Information Processing in Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-765
Author(s):  
A. O. Kicheeva ◽  
O. Yu. Grebeshkova
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
Mental Functions ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Higher Mental Functions ◽  
Functional Capacities

The statutory meanings of higher mental functions in adults remained understudied for a long time. The present research was based on a neuropsychological analysis of the functional capacities of three brain blocks and favored strategies of information processing in adults. The analysis made it possible to distinguish five main types: 1 – with relatively weak functions of the dynamic praxis; 2 – with a moderate deficit of the left hemisphere functions; 3 – with relatively weak visualspatial functions; 4 – with a moderate deficit of brain block I resulting in the general deterioration of higher mental functions; 5 – with no functional deficit. The neuropsychological indexes showed that subgroup 1 had the lowest values of the functions of brain block III and a high level of processing of visual, auditory, and visual-spatial information. In subgroup 2, the index of the state of left hemisphere functions was law, which resulted in weak analytical strategy for processing auditory information, verbal-perceptual problems, and a slight decrease in brain block I. This meant a decrease in the voluntary regulation of activity. Subgroup 3 had the lowest index of right hemisphere functions and a deficiency of right hemispheric holistic information processing strategies. Subgroup 4 had low functional capacities of brain block I and other indicators, especially those associated with the processing of auditory, visual-spatial information, planning, and control. The adults in subgroup 5 showed good for all the indicators.

Involvement of the Superior Temporal Cortex and the Occipital Cortex in Spatial Hearing: Evidence from Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Lewald ◽  
Ingo G. Meister ◽  
Jürgen Weidemann ◽  
Rudolf Töpper
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Spatial Hearing ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right

The processing of auditory spatial information in cortical areas of the human brain outside of the primary auditory cortex remains poorly understood. Here we investigated the role of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the occipital cortex (OC) in spatial hearing using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The right STG is known to be of crucial importance for visual spatial awareness, and has been suggested to be involved in auditory spatial perception. We found that rTMS of the right STG induced a systematic error in the perception of interaural time differences (a primary cue for sound localization in the azimuthal plane). This is in accordance with the recent view, based on both neurophysio-logical data obtained in monkeys and human neuroimaging studies, that information on sound location is processed within a dorsolateral “where” stream including the caudal STG. A similar, but opposite, auditory shift was obtained after rTMS of secondary visual areas of the right OC. Processing of auditory information in the OC has previously been shown to exist only in blind persons. Thus, the latter finding provides the first evidence of an involvement of the visual cortex in spatial hearing in sighted human subjects, and suggests a close interconnection of the neural representation of auditory and visual space. Because rTMS induced systematic shifts in auditory lateralization, but not a general deterioration, we propose that rTMS of STG or OC specifically affected neuronal circuits transforming auditory spatial coordinates in order to maintain alignment with vision.

A Multisensory Interaction Effect in the Conceptual Realm of Time

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ouellet ◽  
Antonio Román ◽  
Julio Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Strong Consistency ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Multisensory Interaction ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right ◽  
Temporal Judgments

Recent studies on the conceptualization of abstract concepts suggest that the concept of time is represented along a left-right horizontal axis, such that left-to-right readers represent past on the left and future on the right. Although it has been demonstrated with strong consistency that the localization (left or right) of visual stimuli could modulate temporal judgments, results obtained with auditory stimuli are more puzzling, with both failures and successes at finding the effect in the literature. The present study supports an account based on the relative relevance of visual versus auditory-spatial information in the creation of a frame of reference to map time: The auditory location of words interacted with their temporal meaning only when auditory information was made more relevant than visual spatial information by blindfolding participants.

scholarly journals Age dynamics of higher mental functions among the employees of law enforcement agencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
D.A. Kotelnikova ◽  
M.M. Pronicheva ◽  
A.S. Vasilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Mental Functions ◽  
Age Dynamics ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Higher Mental Functions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Age Related Changes

The article presents the results of the research on the age dynamics of higher mental functions among the employees of law enforcement agencies. There was an assumption that the decrease in concentration of attention, visual and somatosensory gnosis and visual memory dominate in the structure of age-related changes in higher mental functions among employees of law enforcement agencies. The sample of the study was 68 soldiers aged from 19 to 41 years (mean age of the group 27 ± 4.78). The methodological complex included methods aimed to evaluate the function of gnosis (Recognition of the figures of Poppelreiter, Had's sampling, Copying of the drawing with a rotation of 180°, Posture transfer, Feeling of Ferster, Reproduction of rhythms), attention (Schulte's Tables, Bourdon's Correction Test) and memory (Memorization of two-valued numbers, the memorization of two semantic series, the test "5 figures"). It was revealed that, irrespective of age, the functional disorder of basal-frontal, "deep" structures and temporal divisions of the brain predominates in the entire sample. The structure of age-related changes is dominated by a decline in visual-spatial functions, changes in visual and somatosensory gnosis, as well as visual memory.

scholarly journals A Generic Model for Identifying QoS Parameters Interrelations in Cloud Services Selection Ontology during Runtime

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Babu Rajendiran ◽  
Jayashree Kanniappan
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Cloud Service Provider ◽  
Qos Parameters ◽  
Computer Based

Nowadays, many business organizations are operating on the cloud environment in order to diminish their operating costs and to select the best service from many cloud providers. The increasing number of Cloud Services available on the market encourages the cloud consumer to be conscious in selecting the most apt Cloud Service Provider that satisfies functionality, as well as QoS parameters. Many disciplines of computer-based applications use standardized ontology to represent information in their fields that indicate the necessity of an ontology-based representation. The proposed generic model can help service consumers to identify QoS parameters interrelations in the cloud services selection ontology during run-time, and for service providers to enhance their business by interpreting the various relations. The ontology has been developed using the intended attributes of QoS from various service providers. A generic model has been developed and it is tested with the developed ontology.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a computer-based nutrition education tool

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Kreisel
Keyword(s):  
Student Teachers ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Teaching Tool ◽  
School Based ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Dependent Samples

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of using a computer-based teaching tool (http://www.coolfoodplanet.org) for nutrition and lifestyle education developed for primary school children.Design:This was a 2-week school-based intervention in third and fourth grades. The study design was multi-factorial with repeated measures of nutrition knowledge, at three points in time, of dependent samples from control and intervention groups. Control schools (n=7) used ‘traditional’ nutrition education materials and intervention schools (n=8) additionally used the computer-based educational tool. Qualitative information was collected in focus group discussions with student teachers and pupils, and by observing the nutrition lessons.Setting/subjects:Pupils aged 8–11 years (n=271) from participating schools in Vienna, Austria.Results:Nutrition knowledge increased significantly in both intervention and control schools, irrespective of the teaching tool used (P<0.001). The significant effect was maintained at 3 months' follow-up. There was no detectable difference in nutrition knowledge post intervention or at follow-up between the two study groups. In intervention schools, younger pupils (8–9 years) had better nutrition knowledge than older pupils (10–11 years) (P=0.011).Conclusion:This computer-based tool increases the possibilities of school-based nutrition education. If the tool's weaknesses identified during the formative evaluation are eliminated, it has the potential to make learning about nutrition more enjoyable, exciting and effective. This is of great importance considering that ‘healthy’ nutrition is not necessarily a topic that easily attracts pupils' attention and in view of the potential long-term health benefits of early and effective nutrition education.

scholarly journals Non-communicable disease surveillance in India using Geographical Information System-An experience from Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-511
Author(s):  
Sheikh Mohd Saleem ◽  
Chaitnya Aggarwal ◽  
Om Prakash Bera ◽  
Radhika Rana ◽  
Gurmandeep Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Space Data

"Geographic information system (GIS) collects various kinds of data based on the geographic relationship across space." Data in GIS is stored to visualize, analyze, and interpret geographic data to learn about an area, an ongoing project, site planning, business, health economics and health-related surveys and information. GIS has evolved from ancient disease maps to 3D digital maps and continues to grow even today. The visual-spatial mapping of the data has given us an insight into different diseases ranging from diarrhea, pneumonia to non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, or risk factors like obesity, being overweight, etc. All in a while, this information has highlighted health-related issues and knowledge about these in a contemporary manner worldwide. Researchers, scientists, and administrators use GIS for research project planning, execution, and disease management. Cases of diseases in a specific area or region, the number of hospitals, roads, waterways, and health catchment areas are examples of spatially referenced data that can be captured and easily presented using GIS. Currently, we are facing an epidemic of non-communicable diseases, and a powerful tool like GIS can be used efficiently in such a situation. GIS can provide a powerful and robust framework for effectively monitoring and identifying the leading cause behind such diseases.  GIS, which provides a spatial viewpoint regarding the disease spectrum, pattern, and distribution, is of particular importance in this area and helps better understand disease transmission dynamics and spatial determinants. The use of GIS in public health will be a practical approach for surveillance, monitoring, planning, optimization, and service delivery of health resources to the people at large. The GIS platform can link environmental and spatial information with the disease itself, which makes it an asset in disease control progression all over the globe.

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