scholarly journals Prospective Memory, Personality, and Working Memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah E. Smith ◽  
Deborah Persyn ◽  
Patrick Butler
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Performance Modeling ◽  
Multinomial Model ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
The Future ◽  
P Parameter ◽  
Event Based

Prospective memory (PM) involves remembering to perform an action in the future. The current study applies a multinomial model to investigate the contribution of individual differences in personality, as well as individual differences in working memory (WM) span, to performance in an event-based PM task. The model includes a parameter P that measures the prospective component, or remembering that something is to be done. The model also includes a parameter M that measures the ability to discriminate between target and non-target events, part of the retrospective component of PM tasks. The model has been applied to investigate the effects of WM variability in just one prior study, but has not been used in previous investigations of personality and PM. WM span and the personality dimension of conscientiousness showed differences between the higher and lower groups in PM performance. Modeling results showed that individuals higher in conscientiousness had higher estimate of M relative to individuals lower on the conscientiousness dimension. Conscientiousness did not affect the P parameter. In contrast, individuals with higher WM span scores had higher estimates of P relative to individuals with lower span scores, but the two WM groups did not differ in terms of parameter M.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in Prospective Memory Offloading in Laboratory and Naturalistic Settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Ball ◽  
Philip Peper ◽  
Durna Alakbarova ◽  
Sam Gilbert ◽  
Gene Arnold Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
Multiple Measures ◽  
Good Working

The current study examined whether offloading prospective memory (PM) demands onto the environment through the use of reminders eliminates PM differences typically seen between individuals that have poor or good working memory ability. Over two laboratory sessions scheduled one week apart, participants completed three versions of a PM offloading task with and without the use of reminders, along with multiple measures of working memory. Participants also generated a list of naturalistic intentions to fulfill between sessions and were given an intention to email the experimenter every day. They later indicated which intentions were completed with and without the use of reminders. Consistent with prior research, high working memory participants did better in both laboratory and naturalistic settings when having to rely on their own memory. Critically, however, working memory ability was no longer predictive of performance with the use of reminders. Participants with lower working memory also offloaded more often that high ability participants, but this was not optimally calibrated to actual PM performance. These findings suggest that offloading may be particularly beneficial for those with poor cognitive ability. The theoretical and applied ramifications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Age and individual differences in prospective memory during a "Virtual Week": The roles of working memory, vigilance, task regularity, and cue focality.

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan S. Rose ◽  
Peter G. Rendell ◽  
Mark A. McDaniel ◽  
Ingo Aberle ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Cue Focality

scholarly journals Prospective memory mediated by interoceptive accuracy: a psychophysiological approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1708) ◽  
pp. 20160005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Umeda ◽  
Saiko Tochizawa ◽  
Midori Shibata ◽  
Yuri Terasawa
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cardiac Reactivity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies on prospective memory (PM), defined as memory for future intentions, suggest that psychological stress enhances successful PM retrieval. However, the mechanisms underlying this notion remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that PM retrieval is achieved through interaction with autonomic nervous activity, which is mediated by the individual accuracy of interoceptive awareness, as measured by the heartbeat detection task. In this study, the relationship between cardiac reactivity and retrieval of delayed intentions was evaluated using the event-based PM task. Participants were required to detect PM target letters while engaged in an ongoing 2-back working memory task. The results demonstrated that individuals with higher PM task performance had a greater increase in heart rate on PM target presentation. Also, higher interoceptive perceivers showed better PM task performance. This pattern was not observed for working memory task performance. These findings suggest that cardiac afferent signals enhance PM retrieval, which is mediated by individual levels of interoceptive accuracy. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health’.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in Memory and Attention Processes in Prospective Remembering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Ball ◽  
Elizabeth A. Wiemers ◽  
Gene Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Retrospective Memory ◽  
Prospective Remembering

Successful prospective memory (PM) involves not only detecting that an environmental cue requires action (i.e., prospective component), but also retrieval of what is supposed to be done at the appropriate moment (i.e., retrospective component). The current study examined the role of attention and memory during PM tasks that placed distinct demands on detection and retrieval processes. Using a large-scale individual differences design, participants completed three PM tasks that placed high demands on detection (but low demands on retrieval) and three tasks that placed high demands on retrieval (but low demands on detection). Additionally, participants completed three attention control, retrospective memory, and working memory tasks. Latent variable structural equation modeling showed that the prospective and retrospective components of PM were jointly influenced by multiple cognitive abilities. Critically, attention and retrospective memory fully mediated the relation between working memory and prospective memory. Furthermore, only attention uniquely predicted PM detection, whereas only retrospective memory uniquely predicted PM retrieval. These findings highlight the value of independently assessing different PM components and suggest that both attention and memory abilities must be considered to fully understand the dynamic processes underlying prospective remembering.

Impaired cue identification and intention retrieval underlie prospective memory deficits in patients with first-episode schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengtang Liu ◽  
Chengfeng Ji ◽  
Kaiming Zhuo ◽  
Zhenhua Song ◽  
Yingchan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Retrospective Memory ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Event Based ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Objective: Schizophrenia is associated with impairment in prospective memory, the ability to remember to carry out an intended action in the future. It has been established that cue identification (detection of the cue event signaling that an intended action should be performed) and intention retrieval (retrieval of an intention from long-term memory following the recognition of a prospective cue) are two important processes underlying prospective memory. The purpose of this study was to examine prospective memory deficit and underlying cognitive processes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Methods: This study examined cue identification and intention retrieval components of event-based prospective memory using a dual-task paradigm in 30 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls. All participants were also administered a set of tests assessing working memory and retrospective memory. Results: Both cue identification and intention retrieval were impaired in patients with first-episode schizophrenia compared with healthy controls ( ps < 0.05), with a large effect size for cue identification (Cohen’s d = 0.98) and a medium effect size for intention retrieval (Cohen’s d = 0.62). After controlling for working memory and retrospective memory, the difference in cue identification between patients and healthy controls remained significant. However, the difference in intention retrieval between the two groups was no longer significant. In addition, there was a significant inverse relationship between cue identification and negative symptoms ( r = −0.446, p = 0.013) in the patient group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that both cue identification and intention retrieval in event-based prospective memory are impaired in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Cue identification and intention retrieval could be potentially used as biomarkers for early detection and treatment prognosis of schizophrenia. In addition, addressing cue identification deficit through cognitive enhancement training may potentially improve negative symptoms as well.

Working Memory Load and Reminder Effect on Event-Based Prospective Memory of High- and Low-Achieving Students in Math

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youzhen Chen ◽  
Rong Lian ◽  
Lixian Yang ◽  
Jianrong Liu ◽  
Yingfang Meng
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
High Achieving Students ◽  
Low Achieving Students ◽  
Subject Factor ◽  
High Achieving ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Event Based

The effects of working memory (WM) demand and reminders on an event-based prospective memory (PM) task were compared between students with low and high achievement in math. WM load (1- and 2-back tasks) was manipulated as a within-subject factor and reminder (with or without reminder) as a between-subject factor. Results showed that high-achieving students outperformed low-achieving students on all PM and n-back tasks. Use of a reminder improved PM performance and thus reduced prospective interference; the performance of ongoing tasks also improved for all students. Both PM and n-back performances in low WM load were better than in high WM load. High WM load had more influence on low-achieving students than on high-achieving students. Results suggest that low-achieving students in math were weak at PM and influenced more by high WM load. Thus, it is important to train these students to set up an obvious reminder for their PM and improve their WM.

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