A self-organized model of earthquakes with constant stress drops and the b-value of 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 2817-2820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kumagai ◽  
Yoshio Fukao ◽  
Sei-ichiro Watanabe ◽  
Yuito Baba
Keyword(s):  
B Value ◽  
Constant Stress ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Stress Drops

SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY MODEL FOR EARTHQUAKES: QUIESCENCE, FORESHOCKS AND AFTERSHOCKS

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (12) ◽  
pp. 2249-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HAINZL ◽  
G. ZÖLLER ◽  
J. KURTHS
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
B Value ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Aftershock Activity ◽  
Omori Law ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Spatiotemporal Clustering ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Clustering Of Events ◽  
Foreshock Activity

We introduce a crust relaxation process in a continuous cellular automaton version of the Burridge–Knopoff model. Analogously to the original model, our model displays a robust power law distribution of event sizes (Gutenberg–Richter law). The principal new result obtained with our model is the spatiotemporal clustering of events exhibiting several characteristics of earthquakes in nature. Large events are accompanied by a precursory quiescence and by localized fore- and aftershocks. The increase of foreshock activity as well as the decrease of aftershock activity follows a power law (Omori law) with similar exponents p and q. All empirically observed power law exponents, the Richter B-value, p and q and their variability can be reproduced simultaneously by our model, which depends mainly on the level of conservation and the relaxation time.

Focal depths and source parameters of the Rocky Mountain House earthquake swarm from digital data at Edmonton

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1105-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Rebollar ◽  
E. R. Kanasewich ◽  
E. Nyland
Keyword(s):  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Earthquake Swarm ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
B Value ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stress Drops

Seismic records at Edmonton (EDM) and Suffield (SES) between January 1976 and February 1980 show 220 events with magnitudes less than 4 originating near Rocky Mountain House. Many of these events show well defined Sn, Sg, and Pg phases and a small variation in the difference of Sg − Sn and Sg − Pg. Analysis of the theoretical travel times using a structure determined for central Alberta yields an average focal depth of 20 ± 5 km and an average epicentral distance of 175 ± 5 km southwest of Edmonton for 40 of these events. Because Sn was not clear on the remainder, it was not possible to get focal depths for all the events.Seismic moments of 80 events with local magnitudes from 1.6 to 3.5 were found to be in the range of 6.6 ± 2 × 1018 to 7.9 ± 2 × 1020 dyn∙cm (6.6 ± 2 × 1013 to 7.9 ± 2 × 1015 N∙cm). A relationship between local magnitude and seismic moment was log (M0) = 1.3ML + 16.6. This is similar to that determined for California. Source radii, where they could be determined, were 500 ± 50 m and stress drops were 0.75 ± 0.75 bar (75 ± 75 kPa).The energy release of 263 events recorded at EDM from the Rocky Mountain House area was 5.6 × 1017 erg (5.6 × 1010 J). The b value for this earthquake swarm was 0.8, similar to that observed in other parts of western Canada.The depths of focus, the low stress drops, and the statistical similarity to other natural earthquake sequences suggest that at least part of the swarm is of a natural origin.

Earthquake “Quanta” as an explanation for observed magnitudes and stress drops

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 808-813
Author(s):  
I. Selwyn Sacks ◽  
Paul A. Rydelek
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Stress Drop ◽  
Constant Stress ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Stress Drops

Abstract The familiar linear relation (Gutenberg-Richter) between the logarithm of the number of earthquakes and their magnitude is commonly ascribed to the distribution (fractal) of fault sizes in a self-similar process. We show that a concept of earthquake quanta whose failure is governed by simple physics and suggested by observations explains not only the Gutenberg-Richter relation but also the relatively constant stress drop for larger magnitude events. Results from computer simulation are consistent with observations from detailed seismicity studies.

Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Tonello ◽  
Luca Giacobbi ◽  
Alberto Pettenon ◽  
Alessandro Scuotto ◽  
Massimo Cocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Critical Equilibrium ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Acute Agitation ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.

Dynamics of Self-Organized and Self-Assembled Structures

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi C. Desai ◽  
Raymond Kapral
Keyword(s):  
Self Organized ◽  
Self Assembled

Time Dependances of the Resistance Coefficients of Polymeric Materials

INEOS OPEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Matseevich ◽  
◽  
A. A. Askadskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependence ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Constant Stress ◽  
Time To Rupture ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Material Durability ◽  
Resistance Coefficients ◽  
Extremal Character

One of the possible approaches to the analysis of a physical mechanism of time dependence for the resistance coefficients of materials is suggested. The material durability at the constant stress is described using the Zhurkov and Gul' equations and the durability at the alternating stress—using the Bailey criterion. The low strains lead to structuring of a material that is reflected in a reduction of the structure-sensitive coefficient in these equations. This affords 20% increase in the durability. The dependence of the resistance coefficient assumes an extremal character; the maximum is observed at the time to rupture lg tr ≈ 2 (s).

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