scholarly journals Local and remote forcing of sea surface temperature in the coastal upwelling system off Chile

2001 ◽  
Vol 106 (C8) ◽  
pp. 16657-16671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Hormazabal ◽  
Gary Shaffer ◽  
Jaime Letelier ◽  
Osvaldo Ulloa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Upwelling System ◽  
Remote Forcing

scholarly journals Interannual correlations between sea surface temperature and concentration of chlorophyll pigment off Punta Eugenia, Baja California during different remote forcing conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Herrera-Cervantes ◽  
S. E. Lluch-Cota ◽  
D. B. Lluch-Cota ◽  
G. Gutiérrez-de-Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Empirical Orthogonal Functions ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Tropical Ocean ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Remote Forcing

Abstract. Interannual correlation between satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) and surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) are examined in the coastal upwelling zone off Punta Eugenia on the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula, area identified as intense biological productivity and oceanographic transition between mid-latitude and tropical ocean conditions. We used empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis separately and jointly on the two fields from 1997 through 2007, a time period dominated by different remote forcing; ENSO conditions (weak, moderate and strong) and the largest intrusion of subarctic water reported in the last 50 yr. Coastal Upwelling Index anomalies (CUI) and the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) were used to identify the influence of local (wind stress) and remote (ENSO) forcing over the interannual variability of both variables. The individual EOF1 analysis showed the greater variability of SST and Chla offshore, their corresponding amplitude time series presented the highest peaks during the intrusion of subartic water (2002–2004) and were significantly correlated with the MEI (RSST &amp;approx; 0.68, RChl a &amp;approx; −0.30, P < 0.001) and moderately correlated with the CUI (RSST &amp;approx; −0.4, RChl a &amp;approx; 0.25, P < 0.001), showing similar trends. The joint EOF1 and the SST–Chl a correlations pattern show the area where both variables covary tightly; a band near to the coast with the largest correlations (R > |0.4|) mainly regulated by ENSO cycles. This was revealed when we calculate the homogeneous correlations for the periods El Niño–La Niña and the intrusion of subartic water. Both, SST and Chl a showed higher coupling and two distinct physical-biological responses; on average ENSO influence were clearly along the coast mostly in SST while the subarctic water influence, were observed offshore mostly in Chl a. We found a coastal chlorophyll bloom correlated strongly with high wind stress anomalies that reach the coast off Punta Eugenia during spring and summer 2002 and continued its presence during 2003 which showed an enrichment pattern similar to that observed at high latitudes (∼40° N). This observation may provide an explanation of why Punta Eugenia is one of the most important biological action centers.

An improved coastal upwelling index from sea surface temperature using satellite-based approach – The case of the Canary Current upwelling system

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 38-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aïssa Benazzouz ◽  
Soumia Mordane ◽  
Abdellatif Orbi ◽  
Mohamed Chagdali ◽  
Karim Hilmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Upwelling System ◽  
Upwelling Index

scholarly journals Interannual correlations between sea surface temperature and concentration of chlorophyll pigment off Punta Eugenia, Baja California, during different remote forcing conditions

Ocean Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Herrera-Cervantes ◽  
S. E. Lluch-Cota ◽  
D. B. Lluch-Cota ◽  
G. Gutiérrez-de-Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Remote Forcing ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. Interannual correlation between satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) and surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) are examined in the coastal upwelling zone off Punta Eugenia on the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula, an area than has been identified as having intense biological productivity and oceanographic transition between midlatitude and tropical ocean conditions. We used empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis separately and jointly on the two fields from 1997 through 2007, a time period dominated by different remote forcing: ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) conditions (weak, moderate and strong) and the largest intrusion of subarctic water reported in the last 50 years. Coastal upwelling index anomalies (CUI) and the multivariate ENSO index (MEI) were used to identify the influence of local (wind stress) and remote (ENSO) forcing over the interannual variability of both variables. The spatial pattern of the individual EOF1 analysis showed the greater variability of SST and Chl a offshore, their corresponding amplitude time series presented the highest peaks during the strong 1997–2000 El Niño–La Niña cycles and during the 2002–2004 period associated to the intrusion of subarctic water. The MEI is well correlated with the individual SST principal component (R &amp;approx; 0.67, P < 0.05) and poorly with the individual Chl a principal component (R = −0.13). The joint EOF1 and the SST–Chl a correlation patterns show the area where both variables covary tightly; a band near the coast where the largest correlations occurred (| R | > 0.4) mainly regulated by ENSO cycles. This was spatially revealed when we calculated the homogeneous correlations for the 1997–1999 El Niño–La Niña period and during the 2002–2004 period, the intrusion of subarctic water period. Both, SST and Chl a showed higher coupling and two distinct physical–biological responses: on average ENSO influence was observed clearly along the coast mostly in SST, while the subarctic water influence, observed offshore and in Bahía Vizcaíno, mostly in Chl a. We found coastal chlorophyll blooms off Punta Eugenia during the 2002–2003 period, an enrichment pattern similar to that observed off the coast of Oregon. These chlorophyll blooms are likely linked to high wind stress anomalies during 2002, mainly at high latitudes. This observation may provide an explanation of why Punta Eugenia is one of the most important biological action centers on the Pacific coast.

scholarly journals Responses of Summer Upwelling to Recent Climate Changes in the Taiwan Strait

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Caiyun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Upwelling System ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Upwelling Intensity ◽  
The Taiwan Strait

The response of a summer upwelling system to recent climate change in the Taiwan Strait has been investigated using a time series of sea surface temperature and wind data over the period 1982–2019. Our results revealed that summer upwelling intensities of the Taiwan Strait decreased with a nonlinear fluctuation over the past four decades. The average upwelling intensity after 2000 was 35% lower than that before 2000. The long-term changes in upwelling intensities show strong correlations with offshore Ekman transport, which experienced a decreasing trend after 2000. Unlike the delay effect of canonical ENSO events on changes in summer upwelling, ENSO Modoki events had a significant negative influence on upwelling intensity. Strong El Niño Modoki events were not favorable for the development of upwelling. This study also suggested that decreased upwelling could not slow down the warming rate of the sea surface temperature and would probably cause the decline of chlorophyll a in the coastal upwelling system of the Taiwan Strait. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the dynamic process of summer upwelling in the Taiwan Strait, and provide a sound scientific basis for evaluating future trends in coastal upwelling and their potential ecological effects.

scholarly journals Contrastive Influence of ENSO and PNA on Variability and Predictability of North American Winter Precipitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. 6271-6284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Li ◽  
Zeng-Zhen Hu ◽  
Ping Liang ◽  
Jieshun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
North American ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The North ◽  
Remote Forcing ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract In this work, the roles of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the variability and predictability of the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern and precipitation in North America in winter are examined. It is noted that statistically about 29% of the variance of PNA is linearly linked to ENSO, while the remaining 71% of the variance of PNA might be explained by other processes, including atmospheric internal dynamics and sea surface temperature variations in the North Pacific. The ENSO impact is mainly meridional from the tropics to the mid–high latitudes, while a major fraction of the non-ENSO variability associated with PNA is confined in the zonal direction from the North Pacific to the North American continent. Such interferential connection on PNA as well as on North American climate variability may reflect a competition between local internal dynamical processes (unpredictable fraction) and remote forcing (predictable fraction). Model responses to observed sea surface temperature and model forecasts confirm that the remote forcing is mainly associated with ENSO and it is the major source of predictability of PNA and winter precipitation in North America.

Weakening Satellite Era and Future Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Variability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Prigent ◽  
Rodrigue Anicet Imbol Koungue ◽  
Joke Lübbecke ◽  
Peter Brandt ◽  
Jan Harlaß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Zonal Wind ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Sst Variability ◽  
Remote Forcing ◽  
Local Forcing

&lt;p&gt;Since 2000, a substantial weakening in the equatorial and southeastern tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variability is observed. Observations and reanalysis products reveal, for example, that relative to 1982&amp;#8211;1999, the March&amp;#8208;April&amp;#8208;May SST variability in the Angola&amp;#8208;Benguela area (ABA) has decreased by more than 30%. Both equatorial remote forcing and local forcing are known to play an important role in driving SST variability in the ABA. Here we show that compared to 1982&amp;#8211;1999, since 2000, equatorial remote forcing had less influence on ABA SSTs, whereas local forcing has become more important. In particular, the robust correlation between the equatorial zonal wind stress and the ABA SSTs has substantially weakened, suggesting less influence of Kelvin waves on ABA SSTs. Moreover, the strong correlation linking the South Atlantic Anticyclone and the ABA SSTs has reduced. Multidecadal surface warming of the ABA could also have played a role in weakening the interannual SST variability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To investigate future changes in tropical Atlantic SST variability, an ensemble of nested high-resolution coupled model simulations under the global warming scenario RCP8.5 is analyzed. SST variability in both the ABA and equatorial cold tongue is found to decrease along with reduced western equatorial Atlantic zonal wind variability. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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