scholarly journals El Niño-Southern Oscillation determines the salinity of the freshwater lens under a coral atoll in the Pacific Ocean

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van der Velde ◽  
M. Javaux ◽  
M. Vanclooster ◽  
B. E. Clothier
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Freshwater Lens ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

scholarly journals Coastal vulnerability across the Pacific dominated by El Niño/Southern Oscillation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 801-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Barnard ◽  
Andrew D. Short ◽  
Mitchell D. Harley ◽  
Kristen D. Splinter ◽  
Sean Vitousek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Coastal Vulnerability ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Influence of Modes of Climate Variability on Global Precipitation Extremes

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
pp. 6248-6262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Kenyon ◽  
Gabriele C. Hegerl
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Northern Annular Mode ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Abstract The probability of climate extremes is strongly affected by atmospheric circulation. This study quantifies the worldwide influence of three major modes of circulation on station-based indices of intense precipitation: the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Pacific interdecadal variability as characterized by the North Pacific index (NPI), and the North Atlantic Oscillation–Northern Annular Mode. The study examines which stations show a statistically significant (5%) difference between the positive and negative phases of a circulation regime. Results show distinct regional patterns of response to all these modes of climate variability; however, precipitation extremes are most substantially affected by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation are seen throughout the world, including in India, Africa, South America, the Pacific Rim, North America, and, weakly, Europe. The North Atlantic Oscillation has a strong, continent-wide effect on Eurasia and affects a small, but not negligible, percentage of stations across the Northern Hemispheric midlatitudes. This percentage increases slightly if the Northern Annular Mode index is used rather than the NAO index. In that case, a region of increase in intense precipitation can also be found in Southeast Asia. The NPI influence on precipitation extremes is similar to the response to El Niño, and strongest in landmasses adjacent to the Pacific. Consistently, indices of more rare precipitation events show a weaker response to circulation than indices of moderate extremes; the results are quite similar, but of opposite sign, for negative anomalies of the circulation indices.

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