The Role of Winter Warming in Permafrost Change Over the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau

The tick Dermacentor everestianus is widely distributed on the Tibetan Plateau of China, where adult ticks usually parasitize sheep, yaks and horses. D. everestianus is able to transmit many zoonotic pathogens, including Francisella tularensis, Anaplasma ovis and Rickettsia raoultii-like bacteria, and can cause great damage to animals and human health. However, the symbionts in D. everestianus have not yet been investigated, which has hindered our understanding of the relationships between this tick species and associated tick-borne pathogens. In the current study, the Rickettsia-like and Coxiella-like symbionts in D. everestianus were identified and characterized. The results indicated that both Rickettsia-like (RLS-Des) and Coxiella-like (CLS-Des) symbionts showed 100% infection rates and displayed vertical transmission in D. everestianus. The RLS-Des showed a relatively higher abundance than the CLS-Des in D. everestianus. No tissue specificity was found for the RLS-Des or CLS-Des. These symbionts can inhabit the ovaries, salivary glands, midguts, Malpighian tubules and testes of D. everestianus. During the development of D. everestianus, the density of the RLS-Des showed more obvious changes than did that of the CLS-Des. Dramatic changes in the density of the RLS-Des were detected in the midguts, ovaries, salivary glands and Malpighian tubules when female D. everestianus were engorged and detached from the host, which suggested the potential role of these symbionts in the reproduction and development of D. everestianus. The dynamic changes in the density of the CLS-Des during feeding and reproduction of D. everestianus suggest the involvement of the CLS-Des in the reproduction of D. everestianus.

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Comparisons of lung and gluteus transcriptome profiles between yaks at different ages

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-50618-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jin-Wei Xin ◽

Zhi-Xin Chai ◽

Cheng-Fu Zhang ◽

Qiang Zhang ◽

Yong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Immune Function ◽

Muscle Injury ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Immune System Activation ◽

System Activation ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽

Activation Status

Abstract The yak, Bos grunniens, is the only large mammal in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and has been bred to provide meat, milk, and transportation. Previous studies indicate that the immune system contributes to the yak’s adaptation to high-altitude environments. In order to further investigate changes in immune function during yak development, we compared the transcriptome profiles of gluteus and lung tissues among yaks at 6, 30, 60, and 90 months of age. Analyses of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lung tissues revealed that immune function was more activated at 6-months and less activated at 90-months than in the 30 and 60-month-old animals. DEG exploration in gluteal tissues revealed that immune functions were more highly activated at both 6 and 90-months, compared with 30 and 60-months. Immune system activation in the muscle and lung tissues of 30-month-old yaks may increase their resistance to infections, while decreased may be due to aging. Furthermore, the higher immune activation status in the gluteal tissues in 90-month-old yaks could be due to muscle injury and subsequent regeneration, which is supported by the fact that 5 unigenes related with muscle injury and 3 related to muscle regeneration displayed greater expression levels at 90-months than at 30 and 60-months. Overall, the present study highlights the important role of the immune system in yak development, which will facilitate future investigations.

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Simulating the role of gravel in freeze–thaw process on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Theoretical and Applied Climatology ◽

10.1007/s00704-015-1684-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 127 (3-4) ◽

pp. 1011-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yongjie Pan ◽

Shihua Lyu ◽

Suosuo Li ◽

Yanhong Gao ◽

Xianhong Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tibet Plateau ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau

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Effects of Flurochloridone Application on Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Community and Composition in Potato Growing Areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7060420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

Wei Li ◽

Shuo Shen ◽

Hongyu Chen ◽

Yang Zhang ◽

Lei Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Community ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Arable Land ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Fungal Community Structure ◽

Major Species ◽

Soil Fungal Community ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The application of herbicides to arable land is still the most effective and accepted method to protect plants from weeds. Extensive use of chemicals in conventional agricultural practices has resulted in continuous and serious environmental pollution. Flurochloridone (FLC) is a monophenyl pyrrolidinone selective herbicide that is commonly used to inhibit weeds that occur during the growth of potatoes. In recent years, research on the toxicity of FLC has gradually increased. However, it is relatively rare to analyze the role of FLC by studying the composition of soil microorganisms. Therefore, we used NGS methods to identify the fungal community structure of the low content soil (LS) and high content soil (HS) samples in this study. Subsequently, we identified the fungal community and composition differences of these two group samples using the statistical analysis. Despite the variances of fungal community and composition across the different samples within the group, the fungal composition of the LS samples and the HS samples. LS samples were predominated by Ascomycota, while the HS samples were predominated by Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota. The major species in the LS samples were Plectosphaerella cucumerina and Trichocladium asperum, whereas the dominant species in the HS samples were Epicoccum nigrum and Cladosporium chasmanthicola. These results suggested that the LS samples and the HS samples had different rhizosphere soil fungal community and composition changes resulting from implementation of FLC in potato growing areas.

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Fluid geochemistry and its implications on the role of deep faults in the genesis of high temperature systems in the eastern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Applied Geochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.105036 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105036

Author(s):

Jiao Tian ◽

Zhonghe Pang ◽

Dawei Liao ◽

Xiaocheng Zhou

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Fluid Geochemistry ◽

Deep Faults ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽

Eastern Edge

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Characterization of Structural Variation in Tibetans Reveals New Evidence of High-altitude Adaptation and Introgression

10.1101/2020.12.01.401174 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cheng Quan ◽

Yuanfeng Li ◽

Yahui Wang ◽

Jie Ping ◽

Yiming Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Altitude ◽

Structural Variation ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Base Pairs ◽

High Altitude Adaptation ◽

Altitude Adaptation ◽

And Function ◽

Genomic Regions ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau

AbstractStructural variation (SV) acts as an essential mutational force shaping the evolution and function of the human genome. To investigate the role of SVs in high-altitude adaptation (HAA), we here generated a comprehensive catalog of SVs in a Chinese Tibetan (n = 15) and Han (n = 10) population using the nanopore sequencing technology. Among a total of 38,216 unique SVs in the catalog, 27% were sequence-resolved for the first time. We systemically assessed the distribution of these SVs across repeat sequences and functional genomic regions. Through genotyping in additional 189 genomes, we identified 90 Tibetan-Han stratified SVs and 124 candidate adaptive genes. Besides, we discovered 15 adaptive introgressed SV candidates and provided evidence for a deletion of 335 base pairs at 1p36.32. Overall, our results highlight the important role of SVs in the evolutionary processes of Tibetans’ adaptation to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and provide a valuable resource for future HAA studies.

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