Fluid geochemistry and its implications on the role of deep faults in the genesis of high temperature systems in the eastern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The tick Dermacentor everestianus is widely distributed on the Tibetan Plateau of China, where adult ticks usually parasitize sheep, yaks and horses. D. everestianus is able to transmit many zoonotic pathogens, including Francisella tularensis, Anaplasma ovis and Rickettsia raoultii-like bacteria, and can cause great damage to animals and human health. However, the symbionts in D. everestianus have not yet been investigated, which has hindered our understanding of the relationships between this tick species and associated tick-borne pathogens. In the current study, the Rickettsia-like and Coxiella-like symbionts in D. everestianus were identified and characterized. The results indicated that both Rickettsia-like (RLS-Des) and Coxiella-like (CLS-Des) symbionts showed 100% infection rates and displayed vertical transmission in D. everestianus. The RLS-Des showed a relatively higher abundance than the CLS-Des in D. everestianus. No tissue specificity was found for the RLS-Des or CLS-Des. These symbionts can inhabit the ovaries, salivary glands, midguts, Malpighian tubules and testes of D. everestianus. During the development of D. everestianus, the density of the RLS-Des showed more obvious changes than did that of the CLS-Des. Dramatic changes in the density of the RLS-Des were detected in the midguts, ovaries, salivary glands and Malpighian tubules when female D. everestianus were engorged and detached from the host, which suggested the potential role of these symbionts in the reproduction and development of D. everestianus. The dynamic changes in the density of the CLS-Des during feeding and reproduction of D. everestianus suggest the involvement of the CLS-Des in the reproduction of D. everestianus.

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Comparisons of lung and gluteus transcriptome profiles between yaks at different ages

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-50618-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jin-Wei Xin ◽

Zhi-Xin Chai ◽

Cheng-Fu Zhang ◽

Qiang Zhang ◽

Yong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Immune Function ◽

Muscle Injury ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Immune System Activation ◽

System Activation ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽

Activation Status

Abstract The yak, Bos grunniens, is the only large mammal in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and has been bred to provide meat, milk, and transportation. Previous studies indicate that the immune system contributes to the yak’s adaptation to high-altitude environments. In order to further investigate changes in immune function during yak development, we compared the transcriptome profiles of gluteus and lung tissues among yaks at 6, 30, 60, and 90 months of age. Analyses of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lung tissues revealed that immune function was more activated at 6-months and less activated at 90-months than in the 30 and 60-month-old animals. DEG exploration in gluteal tissues revealed that immune functions were more highly activated at both 6 and 90-months, compared with 30 and 60-months. Immune system activation in the muscle and lung tissues of 30-month-old yaks may increase their resistance to infections, while decreased may be due to aging. Furthermore, the higher immune activation status in the gluteal tissues in 90-month-old yaks could be due to muscle injury and subsequent regeneration, which is supported by the fact that 5 unigenes related with muscle injury and 3 related to muscle regeneration displayed greater expression levels at 90-months than at 30 and 60-months. Overall, the present study highlights the important role of the immune system in yak development, which will facilitate future investigations.

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Simulating the role of gravel in freeze–thaw process on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Theoretical and Applied Climatology ◽

10.1007/s00704-015-1684-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 127 (3-4) ◽

pp. 1011-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yongjie Pan ◽

Shihua Lyu ◽

Suosuo Li ◽

Yanhong Gao ◽

Xianhong Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tibet Plateau ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau

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Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in grass, yak muscle, liver, and milk in Ruoergai high altitude prairie, the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.074 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 491-492 ◽

pp. 131-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jing Pan ◽

Nan Gai ◽

Hua Tang ◽

Shu Chen ◽

Dazhou Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽

High Altitude ◽

Organochlorine Pesticides ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽

Eastern Edge

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Effects of Flurochloridone Application on Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Community and Composition in Potato Growing Areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7060420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

Wei Li ◽

Shuo Shen ◽

Hongyu Chen ◽

Yang Zhang ◽

Lei Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Community ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Arable Land ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Fungal Community Structure ◽

Major Species ◽

Soil Fungal Community ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The application of herbicides to arable land is still the most effective and accepted method to protect plants from weeds. Extensive use of chemicals in conventional agricultural practices has resulted in continuous and serious environmental pollution. Flurochloridone (FLC) is a monophenyl pyrrolidinone selective herbicide that is commonly used to inhibit weeds that occur during the growth of potatoes. In recent years, research on the toxicity of FLC has gradually increased. However, it is relatively rare to analyze the role of FLC by studying the composition of soil microorganisms. Therefore, we used NGS methods to identify the fungal community structure of the low content soil (LS) and high content soil (HS) samples in this study. Subsequently, we identified the fungal community and composition differences of these two group samples using the statistical analysis. Despite the variances of fungal community and composition across the different samples within the group, the fungal composition of the LS samples and the HS samples. LS samples were predominated by Ascomycota, while the HS samples were predominated by Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota. The major species in the LS samples were Plectosphaerella cucumerina and Trichocladium asperum, whereas the dominant species in the HS samples were Epicoccum nigrum and Cladosporium chasmanthicola. These results suggested that the LS samples and the HS samples had different rhizosphere soil fungal community and composition changes resulting from implementation of FLC in potato growing areas.

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Tibetan Folk Songs and Dances in Diebu – The Musical Characteristics of Gerba (Gar Pa)

Journal of Contemporary Educational Research ◽

10.26689/jcer.v5i8.2412 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Chenghai Yang

Keyword(s):

Folk Songs ◽

Living Environment ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

The People ◽

Primitive Society ◽

Musical Characteristics ◽

And Performance ◽

Cultural Connotations ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽

Eastern Edge

Folk songs and dances originated from people’s sacrificial activities in the struggle against nature in the primitive society. Their origins are related to the ideology and living environment of the people at that period of time. These activities were expressed in the form of primitive songs and dances, and gradually evolved into folk songs and dances. The gar pa song and dance from Diebu, in Gannan region, is a unique song and dance of a Tibetan region on the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its content and form are unique. It still retains the original trinity feature which includes poem, music, and dance. The production of songs and dances contains rich cultural connotations and unique local characteristics. This article elaborates the characteristics of Diebu’s gar pa song and dance in terms of its music and performance form.

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Influence of High Temperatures and Heat Wave on Thermal Biology, Locomotor Performance, and Antioxidant System of High-Altitude Frog Nanorana pleskei Endemic to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.763191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Jie He ◽

Xiaolong Tang ◽

Peng Pu ◽

Tao Zhang ◽

Zhiyi Niu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

High Temperature ◽

High Altitude ◽

Heat Wave ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Locomotor Performance ◽

Thermal Preference ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Investigating how highland amphibians respond to changes in ambient temperature may be of great significance for their fate prediction and effective conservation in the background of global warming. Here, using field individuals as the control group, we investigated the influence of high temperatures (20.5 and 25.5°C) and heat wave (15–26.6°C) on the thermal preference, critical thermal limits, locomotor performance, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme activities in high-altitude frog Nanorana pleskei (3,490 m) endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). After 2 weeks of acclimation to high temperatures and heat wave, the thermal preference (Tpref), critical thermal maximum (CTmax), and range of tolerable temperature significantly increased, while the critical thermal minimum (CTmin) was significantly decreased. The total time of jump to exhaustion significantly decreased, and burst swimming speed significantly increased in frogs acclimated in the high temperature and heat wave groups compared with the field group. In the high temperature group, the level of H2O2 and lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde, MDA), as well as the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) significantly increased in the liver or muscle. However, in the heat wave group, the MDA content significantly decreased in the liver, and antioxidants activities decreased in the liver and muscle except for CAT activities that were significantly increased in the liver. These results indicated that N. pleskei could respond to the oxidative stress caused by high temperatures by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The heat wave did not appear to cause oxidative damage in N. pleskei, which may be attributed to the fact that they have successfully adapted to the dramatic temperature fluctuations on the QTP.

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