scholarly journals Adiabatic Invariants Calculations for Cluster Mission: A Long‐Term Product for Radiation Belts Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem G. Smirnov ◽  
Elena A. Kronberg ◽  
Patrick W. Daly ◽  
Nikita A. Aseev ◽  
Yuri Y. Shprits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Adiabatic Invariants

scholarly journals Long term measurements of radiation belts by SAMPEX and their variations

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (20) ◽  
pp. 3827-3830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlin Li ◽  
D. N. Baker ◽  
S. G. Kanekal ◽  
M. Looper ◽  
M. Temerin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Belts

Long-term dynamics of the inner Jovian electron radiation belts

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2039-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sicard ◽  
S. Bourdarie ◽  
N. Krupp ◽  
A. Lagg ◽  
D. Boscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Electron Radiation

scholarly journals Long-term evolution of electron distribution function due to nonlinear resonant interaction with whistler mode waves

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton V. Artemyev ◽  
Anatoly I. Neishtadt ◽  
Alexei A. Vasiliev ◽  
Didier Mourenas
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Electron Distribution ◽  
Resonant Interaction ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Linear Diffusion ◽  
Whistler Mode ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Whistler Mode Waves

Accurately modelling and forecasting of the dynamics of the Earth’s radiation belts with the available computer resources represents an important challenge that still requires significant advances in the theoretical plasma physics field of wave–particle resonant interaction. Energetic electron acceleration or scattering into the Earth’s atmosphere are essentially controlled by their resonances with electromagnetic whistler mode waves. The quasi-linear diffusion equation describes well this resonant interaction for low intensity waves. During the last decade, however, spacecraft observations in the radiation belts have revealed a large number of whistler mode waves with sufficiently high intensity to interact with electrons in the nonlinear regime. A kinetic equation including such nonlinear wave–particle interactions and describing the long-term evolution of the electron distribution is the focus of the present paper. Using the Hamiltonian theory of resonant phenomena, we describe individual electron resonance with an intense coherent whistler mode wave. The derived characteristics of such a resonance are incorporated into a generalized kinetic equation which includes non-local transport in energy space. This transport is produced by resonant electron trapping and nonlinear acceleration. We describe the methods allowing the construction of nonlinear resonant terms in the kinetic equation and discuss possible applications of this equation.

scholarly journals Survey of ELF-VLF plasma waves in outer radiation belt observed by Cluster STAFF-SA experiment

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3269-3277 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pokhotelov ◽  
F. Lefeuvre ◽  
R. B. Horne ◽  
N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Wave ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Plasma Waves ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Outer Radiation Belt ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
Activity Indices

Abstract. Various types of plasma waves have profound effects on acceleration and scattering of radiation belt particles. For the purposes of radiation belt modeling it is necessary to know statistical distributions of plasma wave parameters. This paper analyzes four years of plasma wave observations in the Earth's outer radiation belt obtained by the STAFF-SA experiment on board Cluster spacecraft. Statistical distributions of spectral density of different plasma waves observed in ELF-VLF range (chorus, plasmaspheric hiss, magnetosonic waves) are presented as a function of magnetospheric coordinates and geomagnetic activity indices. Comparison with other spacecraft studies supports some earlier conclusions about the distribution of chorus and hiss waves and helps to remove the long-term controversy regarding the distribution of equatorial magnetosonic waves. This study represents a step towards the development of multi-spacecraft database of plasma wave activity in radiation belts.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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