Controls of the Topological Connectivity on the Structural and Functional Complexity of River Networks

AbstractThis paper deals with the category of number in Latin, specifically with the different meanings of the plural with verbal nouns. In the first section, I establish a reference framework on the concept of number, and in particular the so-called “number anomalies”. The second part of the paper addresses the functional complexity of the category of number itself, so it presents and exemplifies the four different meanings of plural forms with verbal nouns and explains them in light of the concepts of prototype and recategorization. The third section aims to identify the factors yielding a determined plural reading; in this way, I explain the connection between some meanings of the plural and the types of events that verbal nouns describe. Lastly, in the final section, I discuss the main results of this study.

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A systematic approach and software for the analysis of point patterns on river networks

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ◽

10.1002/esp.5127 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wolfgang Schwanghart ◽

Christian Molkenthin ◽

Dirk Scherler

Keyword(s):

Systematic Approach ◽

River Networks ◽

Point Patterns

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Setting the Flow Accumulation Threshold Based on Environmental and Morphologic Features to Extract River Networks from Digital Elevation Models

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10030186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

HuiHui Zhang ◽

Hugo A. Loáiciga ◽

LuWei Feng ◽

Jing He ◽

QingYun Du

Keyword(s):

Spatial Scales ◽

Digital Elevation Models ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Drainage Density ◽

River Network ◽

Landscape Patterns ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

River Networks ◽

Flow Accumulation ◽

Digital Elevation

Determining the flow accumulation threshold (FAT) is a key task in the extraction of river networks from digital elevation models (DEMs). Several methods have been developed to extract river networks from Digital Elevation Models. However, few studies have considered the geomorphologic complexity in the FAT estimation and river network extraction. Recent studies estimated influencing factors’ impacts on the river length or drainage density without considering anthropogenic impacts and landscape patterns. This study contributes two FAT estimation methods. The first method explores the statistical association between FAT and 47 tentative explanatory factors. Specifically, multi-source data, including meteorologic, vegetation, anthropogenic, landscape, lithology, and topologic characteristics are incorporated into a drainage density-FAT model in basins with complex topographic and environmental characteristics. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was employed to evaluate the factors’ predictive performance. The second method exploits fractal geometry theory to estimate the FAT at the regional scale, that is, in basins whose large areal extent precludes the use of basin-wide representative regression predictors. This paper’s methodology is applied to data acquired for Hubei and Qinghai Provinces, China, from 2001 through 2018 and systematically tested with visual and statistical criteria. Our results reveal key local features useful for river network extraction within the context of complex geomorphologic characteristics at relatively small spatial scales and establish the importance of properly choosing explanatory geomorphologic characteristics in river network extraction. The multifractal method exhibits more accurate extracting results than the box-counting method at the regional scale.

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Landslide-Induced Mass Transport of Radionuclides along Transboundary Mailuu-Suu River Networks in Central Asia

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13040698 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 698 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fengqing Li ◽

Isakbek Torgoev ◽

Damir Zaredinov ◽

Marina Li ◽

Bekhzod Talipov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Transport ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Natural Radionuclides ◽

River Basin Management ◽

River Networks ◽

Pollution Dispersion ◽

Continuous Release ◽

Political Conflicts ◽

Exposure Pathway ◽

Analysis System

Seismically triggered landslides are a major hazard and have caused severe secondary losses. This problem is especially important in the seismic prone Mailuu-Suu catchment in Kyrgyzstan, as it hosts disproportionately sensitive active or legacy uranium sites with deposited radioactive extractive wastes. These sites show a quasi-continuous release of radioactive contamination into surface waters, and especially after natural hazards, a sudden and massive input of pollutants into the surface waters is expected. However, landslides of contaminated sediments into surface waters represent a substantial exposure pathway that has not been properly addressed in the existing river basin management to date. To fill this gap, satellite imagery was massively employed to extract topography and geometric information, and the seismic Scoops3D and the one-dimensional numerical model, Hydrologic Engineering Centre, River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), were chosen to simulate the landslide-induced mass transport of total suspended solids (TSS) and natural radionuclides (Pb-210 as a proxy for modeling purposes) within the Mailuu-Suu river networks under two earthquake and two hydrological scenarios. The results show that the seismically vulnerable areas dominated in the upstream areas, and the mass of landslides increased dramatically with the increase of earthquake levels. After the landslides, the concentrations of radionuclides increased suddenly and dramatically. The peak values decreased along the longitudinal gradient of river networks, with the concentration curves becoming flat and wide in the downstream sections, and the transport speed of radionuclides decreased along the river networks. The conclusions of this study are that landslides commonly release a significant amount of pollutants with a relatively fast transport along river networks. Improved quantitative understanding of waterborne pollution dispersion across national borders will contribute to better co-ordination between governments and regulatory authorities of riparian states and, consequently, to future prevention of transnational political conflicts that have flared up in the last two decades over alleged pollution of transboundary water bodies.

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Social Perception and Urbanscape Identity of Flagship Cultural Developments in Szczecin (in the Re-Urbanization Context)

Land ◽

10.3390/land10040398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 398

Author(s):

Eliza Sochacka ◽

Magdalena Rzeszotarska-Pałka

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Perception ◽

Local Identity ◽

Functional Complexity ◽

Questionnaire Surveys ◽

Urban Strategy ◽

The Impact ◽

The City ◽

Cultural Developments

A growing number of urban interventions, such as culture-led regeneration strategies, has emerged alongside growing awareness of the concept of re-urbanization. These interventions evolve to create a holistic urban vision, with aims to promote social cohesion and strengthen local identity as opposed to traditional goals of measuring the economic impact of new cultural developments. Szczecin’s, Poland urban strategy is focused on the expansion of culture—a condition for improving the quality of life and increasing the city’s attractiveness. This article assesses the potential for re-urbanization of Szczecin’s flagship cultural developments. Questionnaire surveys and qualitative research methods were used to assess the characteristics that distinguish cultural projects in the formal, location-related, functional, and symbolic layers, as well as examining their social perception. The results show that the strength of these indicators of urbanscape identity affects how the cultural developments are assessed by the society. Semiotic coherence and functional complexity of the structures have a significant impact on the sense of identification, while their monumentality and exposure contribute to the assessment of the impact on their surroundings. A development with a firm identity, embedded in the city’s tradition not only preserves the cultural heritage of the city but also makes inhabitants feel association with the new project.

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A new vector-based global river network dataset accounting for variable drainage density

Scientific Data ◽

10.1038/s41597-021-00819-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Peirong Lin ◽

Ming Pan ◽

Eric F. Wood ◽

Dai Yamazaki ◽

George H. Allen

Keyword(s):

Spatial Variability ◽

Flow Direction ◽

River System ◽

Drainage Density ◽

River Network ◽

River Networks ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Machine Learning Approach ◽

Elevation Model ◽

National Hydrography Dataset

AbstractSpatial variability of river network drainage density (Dd) is a key feature of river systems, yet few existing global hydrography datasets have properly accounted for it. Here, we present a new vector-based global hydrography that reasonably estimates the spatial variability of Dd worldwide. It is built by delineating channels from the latest 90-m Multi-Error-Removed Improved Terrain (MERIT) digital elevation model and flow direction/accumulation. A machine learning approach is developed to estimate Dd based on the global watershed-level climatic, topographic, hydrologic, and geologic conditions, where relationships between hydroclimate factors and Dd are trained using the high-quality National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDPlusV2) data. By benchmarking our dataset against HydroSHEDS and several regional hydrography datasets, we show the new river flowlines are in much better agreement with Landsat-derived centerlines, and improved Dd patterns of river networks (totaling ~75 million kilometers in length) are obtained. Basins and estimates of intermittent stream fraction are also delineated to support water resources management. This new dataset (MERIT Hydro–Vector) should enable full global modeling of river system processes at fine spatial resolutions.

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Inverse Problem for Looped River Networks – Lower oder River Case Study

Archives of Environmental Protection ◽

10.2478/aep-2013-0010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 105-118

Author(s):

Jacek Kurnatowski

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Flow Resistance ◽

Flow Distribution ◽

River Networks ◽

Sensitivity Equation ◽

Flow Measurements ◽

Sensitivity Equation Method ◽

Coefficients Identification ◽

Oder River

Abstract Identification of coefficients determining flow resistance, in particular Manning’s roughness coefficients, is one of the possible inverse problems of mathematical modeling of flow distribution in looped river networks. The paper presents the solution of this problem for the lower Oder River network consisting of 78 branches connected by 62 nodes. Using results of six sets of flow measurements at particular network branches it was demonstrated that the application of iterative algorithm for roughness coefficients identification on the basis of the sensitivity-equation method leads to the explicit solution for all network branches, independent from initial values of identified coefficients.

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