Advancing process representation in hydrological models: Integrating new concepts, knowledge, and data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Guse ◽  
Simone Fatichi ◽  
Shervan Gharari ◽  
Lieke A. Melsen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Process Representation ◽  
New Concepts

Behind the scenes of runoff performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja de Boer-Euser ◽  
Laurène Bouaziz ◽  
Guillaume Thirel ◽  
Lieke Melsen ◽  
Joost Buitink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Process Representation ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
International Model ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Short Term Forecasting ◽  
Intercomparison Study

<p>Hydrological models are valuable tools for short-term forecasting of river flows, long-term predictions for water resources management and to increase our understanding of the complex interactions of water storage and release processes at the catchment scale. Hydrological models provide relatively robust estimates of streamflow dynamics, as shown by the countless applications in many regions across the world. However, various model structures can lead to similar aggregated outputs, i.e. model equifinality. To provide reliable estimates, it is of critical importance that not only the aggregated response but also the internal behaviors are consistent with their real-world equivalents. In a previous international comparison study (de Boer-Euser et al., 2017), eight research groups followed the same protocol to calibrate their twelve models on streamflow for several catchments within the Meuse basin. In the current study, we hypothesize that these twelve process-based models with similar runoff performance have similar representations of internal states and fluxes. We test our hypothesis by comparing internal states and fluxes between models and we assess their plausibility using remotely-sensed products of actual evaporation, snow cover, soil moisture and total storage anomalies. Our results indicate that models with similar runoff performance represent internal states and fluxes differently. The dissimilarities in internal process representation imply that these models cannot all simultaneously be close to reality. Using remotely-sensed products, the plausibility of process representation could only be evaluated to some extent as many variables remain unknown, highlighting the need for more experimental research. The study further emphasizes the value of multi-model, multi-parameter studies to reveal to decision-makers the uncertainty inherent to the lack of evaluation data and the heterogeneous hydrological landscape.</p><p>References:<br>de Boer-Euser, T., Bouaziz, L., De Niel, J., Brauer, C., Dewals, B., Drogue, G., Fenicia, F., Grelier, B., Nossent, J., Pereira, F., Savenije, H., Thirel, G., and Willems, P.: Looking beyond general metrics for model comparison – lessons from an international model intercomparison study, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 423–440, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-423-2017, 2017.</p>

scholarly journals Strategies for smarter catchment hydrology models: incorporating scaling and better process representation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Sidle
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Structures ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Process Representation ◽  
Path Representation ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Modelling Approaches

AbstractHydrological models have proliferated in the past several decades prompting debates on the virtues and shortcomings of various modelling approaches. Rather than critiquing individual models or modelling approaches, the objective here is to address the critical issues of scaling and hydrological process representation in various types of models with suggestions for improving these attributes in a parsimonious manner that captures and explains their functionality as simply as possible. This discussion focuses mostly on conceptual and physical/process-based models where understanding the internal catchment processes and hydrologic pathways is important. Such hydrological models can be improved by using data from advanced remote sensing (both spatial and temporal) and derivatives, applications of machine learning, flexible structures, and informing models through nested catchment studies in which internal catchment processes are elucidated. Incorporating concepts of hydrological connectivity into flexible model structures is a promising approach for improving flow path representation. Also important is consideration of the scale dependency of hydrological parameters to avoid scale mismatch between measured and modelled parameters. Examples are presented from remote high-elevation regions where water sources and pathways differ from temperate and tropical environments where more attention has been focused. The challenge of incorporating spatially and temporally variable water inputs, hydrologically pathways, climate, and land use into hydrological models requires modellers to collaborate with catchment hydrologists to include important processes at relevant scales—i.e. develop smarter hydrological models.

scholarly journals Behind the scenes of streamflow model performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurène J. E. Bouaziz ◽  
Guillaume Thirel ◽  
Tanja de Boer-Euser ◽  
Lieke A. Melsen ◽  
Joost Buitink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Process Representation ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Internal States

Abstract. Streamflow is often the only variable used to constrain hydrological models. In a previous international comparison study, eight research groups followed an identical protocol to calibrate a total of twelve hydrological models using observed streamflow of catchments within the Meuse basin. In the current study, we hypothesize that these twelve process-based models with similar streamflow performance have similar representations of internal states and fluxes. We test our hypothesis by comparing internal states and fluxes between models and we assess their plausibility using remotely-sensed products of evaporation, snow cover, soil moisture and total storage anomalies. Our results indicate that models with similar streamflow performance represent internal states and fluxes differently. Substantial dissimilarities between models are found for annual and seasonal evaporation and interception rates, the number of days per year with water stored as snow, the mean annual maximum snow storage and the size of the root-zone storage capacity. Relatively small root-zone storage capacities for several models lead to drying-out of the root-zone storage and significant reduction of evaporative fluxes each summer, which is not suggested by remotely-sensed estimates of evaporation and root-zone soil moisture. These differences in internal process representation imply that these models cannot all simultaneously be close to reality. Using remotely-sensed products, we could evaluate the plausibility of model representations only to some extent, as many of these internal variables remain unknown, highlighting the need for experimental research. We also encourage modelers to rely on multi-model and multi-parameter studies to reveal to decision-makers the uncertainties inherent to the heterogeneity of catchments and the lack of evaluation data.

Novel Approaches to Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
Arthur V. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Opportune Time ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Voltage Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

In comparison with the developers of other forms of instrumentation, scanning electron microscope manufacturers are among the most conservative of people. New concepts usually must wait many years before being exploited commercially. The field emission gun, developed by Albert Crewe and his coworkers in 1968 is only now becoming widely available in commercial instruments, while the innovative lens designs of Mulvey are still waiting to be commercially exploited. The associated electronics is still in general based on operating procedures which have changed little since the original microscopes of Oatley and his co-workers.The current interest in low-voltage scanning electron microscopy will, if sub-nanometer resolution is to be obtained in a useable instrument, lead to fundamental changes in the design of the electron optics. Perhaps this is an opportune time to consider other fundamental changes in scanning electron microscopy instrumentation.

New Concepts in Congenital Deafness

1971 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-443
Author(s):  
LaVonne Bergstrom ◽  
Janet Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Deafness ◽  
New Concepts

The Black Swan: Yeats and the Science of the Unknown

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-359
Author(s):  
Aoife Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Black Swan ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Universal History ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Paradigmatic Change

This essay views science as a creative mask for the poetry and philosophy of W.B. Yeats. It explores the changing worldview which occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century with the discovery of wave-particle duality by Max Planck in 1900. It considers the new concepts of reality which arose at this time in relation to modernism and Yeats's response to the paradigmatic change of era he was a part of. Accordingly, the poet's understanding of universal history in A Vision (1925, 1937) is used alongside close readings of his poetry to evince an argument which unites that poetry with philosophy, scientific theory, and modernism as aspects of one universe of knowledge which refracts different aspects of itself through the prism of time.

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