The magnetotail's role in magnetospheric dynamics: Engine or exhaust pipe

A micro cogeneration unit based on a three-cylinder internal combustion engine, Skoda MPI 1.0 L compressed natural gas (CNG), with an output of 25 kW at 3000 RPM is proposed in this paper. It is a relatively simple engine, which is already adopted by the manufacturer to operate on CNG. The engine life and design correspond to the original purpose of use in the vehicle. A detailed dynamic model was created in the GT-SUITE environment and implemented into an energy balance model that includes its internal combustion engine, heat exchangers, generator, battery storage, and water storage tank. The 1D internal combustion engine model provides us with information on engine start-up time, actual effective power, friction power, and the amount of heat going to the cooling system and exhaust pipe. The catalytic converter was removed from the exhaust pipe, and the engine was always operating at full load; thus, engine power control is not considered. An energy storage system for an island operation of the entire power unit for a large, detached house was designed to withstand accumulated energy for a few days in the case of a breakout. To reach a low initial system cost, the possible implementation of worn-out battery packs toward emission reduction in terms of the second life of the battery is proposed. The energy and emission balance are carried out, and the service life of the engine is also discussed.

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Urea-SCR catalyst research and exhaust pipe layout optimization

2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering ◽

10.1109/iceice.2011.5776869 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qian Wang ◽

Fangyin Tu ◽

Jun Ma ◽

Hang Xu ◽

Pin Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Layout Optimization ◽

Exhaust Pipe ◽

Scr Catalyst

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Investigation into the Relationship between Super-Knock and Misfires in an SI GDI Engine

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14082099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2099

Author(s):

Jian Gao ◽

Anren Yao ◽

Yeyi Zhang ◽

Guofan Qu ◽

Chunde Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pressure Fluctuation ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Exhaust Valve ◽

Gasoline Direct Injection ◽

Exhaust Pipe ◽

Pressure Transducers ◽

Spark Plug ◽

Si Engines ◽

Gdi Engine ◽

The Relationship

The super-knock poses new challenges for further increasing the power density of spark ignition (SI) engines. The critical factors and mechanism connecting regarding the occurrence of super-knock are still unclear. Misfire is a common phenomenon in SI engines that the mixture in cylinder is not ignited normally, which is often caused by spark plug failure. However, the effect of misfire on engine combustion has not been paid enough attention to, particularly regarding connection to super-knock. The paper presents the results of experimental investigation into the relationship between super-knock and misfires at low speed and full load conditions. In this work, a boosted gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine with an exhaust manifold integrated in the cylinder head was employed. Four piezoelectric pressure transducers were used to acquire the data of a pressure trace in cylinder. The spark plugs of four cylinders were controlled manually, of which the ignition system could be cut off as demanded. In particular, a piezoelectric pressure transducer was installed at the exhaust pipe before the turbocharger to capture the pressure traces in the exhaust pipe. The results illustrated that misfires in one cylinder would cause super-knock in the other cylinders as well as the cylinder of itself. After one cylinder misfired, the unburned mixture would burn in the exhaust pipe to produce oscillating waves. The abnormal pressure fluctuation in the exhaust pipe was strongly correlated with the occurrence of super-knock. The sharper the pressure fluctuation, the greater the intensity of knock in the power cylinder. The cylinder whose exhaust valve overlapped with the exhaust valve of the misfired cylinder was prone to super-knock.

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The Improvement of the Spin Coater and its Patented Project Design

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.1631 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 706-708 ◽

pp. 1631-1634

Author(s):

Nai Gen Li ◽

Ke Gao Liu ◽

Yong Xu

Keyword(s):

Project Design ◽

Exhaust Pipe ◽

Motor Shaft ◽

Coating Technology ◽

Technology Project ◽

Speed Controller ◽

Power Switch ◽

Control Switch ◽

Pump Output ◽

The Face

A rotary spin-coating technology project is provided by the utility model patent in this work. It includes vacuum pump and chassis, speed display, power switch, suction piece switch, start switch and the speed control switch on the chassis panel, motor and speed controller in the chassis connected to the outside of the chassis bracket, the bracket beams fixed hanging umbrella cover, the ring hood under the umbrella cover on top of the face, the piece prop and tachometer probe in the ring hood, the chip tray fixed extended chassis top surface motor shaft, there is a solution injection tube on the top of the sheet tray in project; it has an annular heater chip at the bottom of the tray within the annular cover sheet around the motor shaft; In addition, there is an ultrasonic humidification pump, the pump output of the ultrasonic humidification communicating through the humidifying tubes with the annular cover. In above mentioned the annular cover connected to the exhaust pipe and the annular cover interior chamber. A temperature sensor is at the inside of the annular cover, and a temperature display panel on the panel of the chassis.

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Modelling the fate of ultrafine particles from exhaust pipe to rural background: an analysis of time scales for dilution, coagulation and deposition

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.020 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 38 (17) ◽

pp. 2639-2652 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Matthias Ketzel ◽

Ruwim Berkowicz

Keyword(s):

Time Scales ◽

Ultrafine Particles ◽

Exhaust Pipe ◽

Rural Background

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A Quasi-Standing-Wave Phenomenon Due to Oscillating Internal Flow

Journal of Fluids Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.3240628 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 70-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Rockwell ◽

A. Schachenmann

Keyword(s):

Standing Wave ◽

Acoustic Waves ◽

Wave Amplitude ◽

Wave Pattern ◽

Settling Chamber ◽

Exhaust Pipe ◽

Axisymmetric Cavity ◽

Vortical Structures ◽

Helmholtz Resonance ◽

Standing Wave Pattern

The objective of this investigation is to characterize a quasi-standing-wave pattern having a wavelength two orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding acoustic wavelength, and relate it to the presence of: a) a downstream travelling wave due to vortical structures generated in a free shear layer, and b) downstream and upstream propagating acoustic waves. In this experiment, the vortical structures were generated by flow past an axisymmetric cavity and their influence extended downstream through the exhaust pipe. The amplitudes of the acoustic waves were associated with Helmholtz resonance of the upstream settling chamber. A linear theory models well the measured amplitude and phase distributions of the fluctuating velocity in the core flow. As system resonance is approached, the ratio of vortex wave amplitude to acoustic wave amplitude decreases. The consequence is an increase in the magnitude and gradient of the phase change across the node, or amplitude minimum, of the resultant standing-wave pattern. In addition, the peak-to-peak amplitude of the quasi-standing-wave increases. A variety of internal (and external) flow systems, including unsteady phenomena in wind tunnels, may be subject to this flow mechanism when the frequency of coherent vortex formation in the test section lies near the Helmholtz resonance frequency of the upstream settling (or plenum) chamber.

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Experimental Study of Urea Depositions in Urea-SCR System

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.74 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 937 ◽

pp. 74-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shu Zhan Bai ◽

Shuai Guo Lang ◽

Ke Ping Yuan ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Guo Xiang Li

Keyword(s):

Control Strategy ◽

Structural Design ◽

Cyanuric Acid ◽

Exhaust System ◽

Structure Design ◽

Exhaust Pipe ◽

Front End ◽

Urea Crystallization ◽

Exhaust Stream ◽

Scr System

Avoiding the urea deposition in the exhaust stream is one of the basic requirements for SCR system normal application. Unreasonable structure design, machining and installation position all could lead to urea crystallization on the wall of exhaust pipe and the front end surface of the catalyst, in addition, unreasonable control strategy also could deteriorate this phenomenon. The components of the urea depositions are the urea and cyanuric acid analyzed by thermogravimetry - FTIR technology. The integrated injector mounting is designed to alleviate the urea crystallization based on analysis results. The engine test and the vehicle road test are all shown that the optimal structural design and calibration strategies could avoid crystallization and sedimentation effectively in the exhaust system.

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