Thermal evaluation of an indirect air heating system using solar collectors

One of the current problems is the use of energy obtained from fossil fuels, especially due to the emission of greenhouse gases. An option to replace fossil fuels is the use of alternative energies such as solar or wind energy. The objective of this work is to carry out a thermal and energy analysis of an indirect air heating system that receives energy through solar collectors that operate with water as the thermal fluid used in a food dehydration system, in order to know the efficiency of the system and therefore, make improvements to the circuit, in addition to the characterization of the water storage tank of the system, obtain the amount of energy that can be provided and the behavior of temperatures at different operating flows. According to the methodology, the temperature profile was obtained inside the hot water tank in two modes of operation (heating and energy extraction) reaching temperatures of 50 to 70 ° C, where the optimum temperature for drying is found and in turn reaching an efficiency 84%, compared to a conventional drying system that uses LP gas.

Thermal Management of Hybrid Photovoltaic Systems

Photovoltaic cells can be quite sensitive to the change in temperature, as the entire system’s performance will be affected mainly by an increase in temperature. This is due to the degradation occurring in the solar panel when heat is absorbed, thus producing lesser electricity with the same amount of solar irradiance absorbed. Wind can provide additional cooling on the system; it is too unreliable to consider since wind can come unpredictably. For the design proposed, heat generated is carried away via the water channel underneath each collector’s glass panel. In order to utilize the removed heat, two subsystems are combined to the solar thermal collector. The primary subsystem uses heat to raise the temperature of the hot water storage tank. It can be further heated to the required temperature for the hot water used in the shower. The secondary subsystem consists of an absorption refrigeration system that will provide additional space cooling circulating the house. Based on the available data for maximum solar irradiance, the hot water storage tank can deliver up to 43.8 °C. Additional power of 2.28 kWh is required to raise the temperature to 50 °C. For space cooling, a coefficient of performance of about 2.2 is obtained at maximum solar irradiance. A breakeven point is also estimated to be approximately one year, even though the initial fixed cost for the system is way higher than the installation of conventional products.

Seismic Response Control of Elevated Water Tank using Base Isolation: A Review

Earthquake events are not something which can be avoidable. The Indian subcontinent has a background marked by devasting quakes. Quakes are generally caused when the stone underground out of nowhere breaks along an issue. Ground shake is caused by seismic waves due to sudden release of energy. The Centre of earthquake vibration is known as epicentre. Due to earthquake millions of lives are lost which can never be affordable. Most of the structures are subjected to vibrations; it causes destruction of country’s infrastructure. In the recent earthquakes many well designed concrete structures have been severely damaged or collapsed. To protect structures from response reduction of structures and important harm under such serious earthquakes has become a vital theme in structural engineering. In this investigation, we evaluated seismic performance of staging system of elevated water storage tank with or without Base Isolation by using SAP2000. From this examination the powers following up on elevated water tank because of seismic powers are determined for zone IV.

Numerical Analysis of Fire Water Storage Tank under Seismic Loading

Maintenance and continuously monitoring the condition of above ground storage tanks are significant when the tanks are placed in service. The American Petroleum Institution (API) 653 and other international codes provides the minimum requirements for inspection & maintaining the integrity of tanks during its service. The tank settlement is one of the major threats for tank’s integrity. In this paper, a storage tank is assessed for uniform settlement under various loading condition such as seismic, dead load, static load, corrosion loss of shell plate etc. In the present study, a finite element model is designed with uniform settlement condition and study of its governing hoop stress at shell plate has been carried out under different loading conditions. A fire water storage tank (constructed with IS 2060 GR. B material) and different seismic zones in India are taken for this study. The finite element analysis simulation shows that increase of hoop stress in the bottom shell course due to uniform settlement, the decrease in plate thickness and with different seismic active regions. Moreover, the maximum stresses have been observed at shell bottom course (close to bottom plate).

PERANCANGAN SISTEM MONITORING DAN KONTROLING POMPA AIR BERBASIS ANDROID

Water is a necessity that is so important for every creature in the world, and the estimate of water must always be available or it is in homes, offices, public places or industry. This causes the water storage tank to play an important role in ensuring the availability of air is always there and under control. In this research, it is based on an Android-based Water Pump Monitoring and Control system with the support of IoT (Internet of Things) technology so that it makes it easier for users to monitor the amount of water in the storage tank and control the water pump to fill water into the tank, the system built is supported by the NodeMCU module. esp8266, Relay and Ultrasonic Sensor and connected to the Blynk application which functions as an application interface in monitoring and controlling the water pump. If the air has determined the specified distance, a notification will appear to immediately turn off the water pump, thus it is hoped that this system can help users see the condition of the water pump and water tank even though they are not at home

Influence of Cold Water Inlets and Obstacles on the Energy Efficiency of the Hot Water Production Process in a Hot Water Storage Tank

Domestic hot water preparation is one of the main sources of energy consumption in households. One of the most important elements of domestic hot water (DHW) preparation installation is the storage tank. Its design can significantly affect the efficiency of the system and energy consumption for hot water preparation. This paper presents the results of an experimental study to examine seven different designs of the cold water inlet to the storage tank and the use of two types of obstacles inside this tank placed at three different heights. The number of stratification and the energy efficiency of the system for each variant were examined. Additionally, tests were carried out for different profiles of hot water consumption in order to examine the temperature changes in the DHW tank. A system with an inlet, as an elbow facing down with a single plate, turned out to be the most advantageous variant (3–8% increase in energy efficiency compared to the basic inlet variant). An analogous analysis of the use of obstacles inside the tank showed that the most optimal solution is to place the partition, which allows the water flow on the sides of the tank, in its lower parts (energy efficiency higher by up to 15% compared to the variant without a partition). These solutions showed the highest energy efficiency for DHW production and the lowest energy demand for hot water heating in the tank among all analyzed variants.