Periodontal disease status of an indigenous population of Guatemala, Central America

Background: Periodontal disease is a prominent and important issue of public health, especially in pregnant women. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics; learn knowledge, attitudes, practice oral hygiene and assess the need for treatment of periodontal disease in pregnant women. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 210 pregnant women who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Clinical examination and interview questions on knowledge, attitudes and practice of oral care for all subjects. Results: The incidence of gingivitis was 100%, with mild gingivitis of 4,3% and moderate gingivitis of 95.7%. There was a difference in incidence rates of gingivitis in the gestational period (p<0.001). The incidence of periodontitis is 17.6% and there is no difference in gestational age (p>0.05). The mean values of GI and BOP indices differed by gestation period (p<0.05) and PD, OHI-S, PlI have statistically significant relationship with gestation period (p>0.05). The incidence of periodontal disease is 80.5%; The percentage of pregnant women who abstain from brushing their teeth after birth is 61.4%. Prevalence of brushing once a day: 7.1%; Twice a day: 70.5% and 3 times daily: 22.4%; The mean values of GI, PD, BOP, OHI-S and PlI were inversely proportional to the number of brushing (p<0.001). The rate of dental hygiene is just 3.3%; The rate of oral hygiene, dental plaque and plaque removal was 94,3%; The proportion of subjects required for intensive treatment is 2.4%. Conclusion: Periodontal disease, especially for pregnant women, is high. It is necessary to educate the knowledge, attitudes and practice of proper oral hygiene and to better meet the demand for periodontal disease treatment for pregnant women. Key words: Periodontal disease, pregnant women, knowledge, attitude, practice for oral hygiene, treatment needs

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Marginalization, Assimilation, and Resurgence: Indigenous People in Central America since Independence

The Oxford Handbook of Central American History ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190928360.013.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wolfgang Gabbert

Keyword(s):

Central America ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Cultural Difference ◽

Indigenous Population ◽

Active Role ◽

Central American ◽

Colonial Rule ◽

Access To Education ◽

Land Loss ◽

Agricultural Export

While the end of colonial rule brought formal equality it did not end discrimination and marginalization of the indigenous population in independent Central America. Many suffered land loss and proletarianization in the emerging agricultural export economy. However, indigenous people were not mere victims of exploitation, displacement, and ladinization but played an often active role in Central American politics. Participation in the market economy and access to education fostered stratification within the indigenous population. The emergence of well-off and educated Indians and changes in international politics promoting multiculturalism contributed to the emergence of indigenous movements in recent decades. While some progress has been made concerning the recognition of cultural difference and autonomy, land rights are still a much disputed issue.

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Salivary antioxidants and periodontal disease status

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns2001141 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 137-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Dean V. Sculley ◽

Simon C. Langley-Evans

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Disease Status ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Root Area ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Dietary Antioxidant ◽

Factor Α ◽

High Degree

Periodontal disease is a common chronic adult condition. The bacteriumPorphyromonas gingivalishas been implicated in the aetiology of this disease, which causes destruction of the connective tissue and bone around the root area of the tooth. It has been observed that invadingP. gingivalisbacteria trigger the release of cytokines such as interleukin 8 and tumour necrosis factor α, leading to elevated numbers and activity of polymorphonucleocytes (PMN). As a result of stimulation by bacterial antigens, PMN produce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide via the respiratory burst as part of the host response to infection. Patients with periodontal disease display increased PMN number and activity. It has been suggested that this proliferation results in a high degree of ROS release, culminating in heightened oxidative damage to gingival tissue, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Antioxidant constituents in plasma have been well-documented, being chiefly ascorbate, albumin and urate, and these are known to display sensitivity to dietary antioxidant intakes. The concentration of antioxidants in saliva does not appear to mirror those of plasma. The extent of dietary influence upon salivary antioxidant status is unclear. Urate is the predominant salivary antioxidant, with albumin and ascorbate providing minor contributions. Previous research has found reduced salivary antioxidant activity in patients suffering from periodontal disease. An improved understanding of the role antioxidants play in periodontitis, and the influence of nutrition on antioxidant status, may lead to a possible nutritional strategy for the treatment of periodontal disease.

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In Sickness and Health: Views on Child Health From a Mayan Village

Journal of Transcultural Nursing ◽

10.1177/1043659618794845 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 242-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Morgan E. Braxton ◽

Kim L. Larson

Keyword(s):

Central America ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Indigenous Population ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Water Filter ◽

Health Advice ◽

Health And Illness ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Development Goals ◽

Access To Food

Introduction: Guatemala is the only country in Central America with a majority indigenous population. Most indigenous Mayans prefer to seek health advice from family members. It is important to understand the beliefs of Mayan caregivers. The purpose of this study was to examine indigenous ways of explaining health and illness in the context of one Mayan village. Method: We applied a qualitative descriptive design in summer 2017. Interviews were conducted in Spanish with 10 Mayan caregivers, who were primarily female, between ages 19 and 50 years, in Guatemala. The sample was drawn from families who received a water filter the previous year. Results: Health was explained by access to food, including local herbs, and clean water. Illness was explained by bodily symptoms and behavioral changes. Discussion: Findings align with several United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and suggest a need to strategize with global partners.

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Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Chronic Periodontitis

Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology ◽

10.3126/jnspoi.v5i1.38176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

Shreeya Aryal ◽

Ameena Pradhan ◽

Shilu Shrestha ◽

Surendra Man Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Body Mass ◽

Disease Status ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Potential Threat ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attachment Loss

Introduction: Obesity is regarded as unnecessary body fat in ratio to lean body mass. Besides being an established risk factor for cardiovascular and other systemic diseases, obesity has been suggested to be a potential threat for periodontitis as well. Objective: The objective of the study was to learn relationship between body mass index (BMI) and periodontal disease. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at People’s Dental College from February 16 to April 15, 2021 after ethical approval. Seventy-two participants were selected conveniently who, on the basis of calculation of weight and height were allocated into two groups: Group A: participants with normal BMI, Group B: Obese/ overweight individuals. Plaque index, gingival index, periodontal pocket, and clinical attachment loss were recorded in both the groups to assess the periodontal disease status. On basis of findings, the two groups were statistically compared. Results: The result showed clinical attachment loss was significantly higher (P <0.001) in overweight/obese group than in normal BMI group (P =0 .001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that obesity and overweight can be a possible predisposing factor for periodontal disease.

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2577. Periodontal Disease and the Oral Microbiome in Alcohol-Dependent Individuals

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2255 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S895-S896

Author(s):

Brianna K Meeks ◽

Jen Barb ◽

Sarah E Mudra ◽

Narjis Kazmi ◽

Ralph T S Tuason, ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Disease Status ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Moderate Disease ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

Severe Periodontitis ◽

Alcohol Dependent

Abstract Background Periodontal disease results from a polymicrobial infection composed of pathogenic bacteria that colonize the oral cavity, resulting in loss of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone. Periodontitis can increase the risk or exacerbate other comorbidities. Alcohol use increases the risk of periodontitis, but there is little knowledge about periodontitis among people who misuse alcohol. Methods As part of a larger oral and gut microbiome study, this analysis examines the oral microbiome in the occurrence and severity of periodontitis among alcohol-dependent (AD) subjects undergoing a 28-day inpatient alcohol treatment program. Tongue brushings were collected from 22 subjects within the first week of admission, and 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. All subjects had a dental examination during the inpatient stay. This analysis divided periodontal disease status into three major groups–no disease, mild or moderate disease, and severe disease. One-way ANOVA was used to compare microbial genera across the 3 groups. Results Nineteen (86%) of the subjects had periodontitis: 16 had mild or moderate disease, and 3 had severe disease. Statistically different microbial genera in at least one of the three groups (P ≤ 0.05 corresponding to FDR ≤ 0.25) that had a relative abundance of at least 0.5% include: Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Treponema. Surprisingly, the subjects with no periodontitis had increased abundances of genera that are often pathogens, Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus. Subjects with severe periodontitis had increased abundances of known pathogens Treponema and Parvimonas, as well as Lactobacillus, which has been associated with dental caries. Conclusion We observed that periodontitis accompanies chronic AD, given that 86% of our subjects had the disease. While some microbiome differences for individuals with and without periodontitis were not consistent with the existing literature, this may have many explanations. Future studies should consider how chronic AD could change the microbial ecology of the mouth and lead to further infection as well as utilizing multiple oral sites and a larger sample size to better understand the relationship between AD and periodontal disease. Intramural funds from NIH Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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