The Temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression Project: Lifetime history of Axis I psychopathology in individuals at high and low cognitive risk for depression.

2000 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren B. Alloy ◽  
Lyn Y. Abramson ◽  
Michael E. Hogan ◽  
Wayne G. Whitehouse ◽  
Donna T. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Axis I ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Risk For Depression

The Development of Depressogenic Cognitive Styles: The Role of Negative Childhood Life Events and Parental Inferential Feedback

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa G. Crossfield ◽  
Lauren B. Alloy ◽  
Brandon E. Gibb ◽  
Lyn Y. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk For Depression

This study examined the role of childhood negative life events and parental inferential feedback in the development of cognitive vulnerability to depression. Students with negative cognitive styles, previously shown to be at high cognitive risk for depression, were predicted to have a greater history of negative childhood life events and negative parental inferential feedback than were students at low cognitive risk for depression. It was further predicted that parental inferential feedback would moderate the relationship between negative childhood life events and cognitive risk for depression. Finally, the associations between subsets of childhood negative life events and cognitive risk for depression were examined. No significant main effects were found for childhood negative life events or parental inferential feedback. The interaction of these 2 variables was significantly associated with cognitive risk status. Specifically, high levels of negative childhood life events in combination with negative maternal inferential feedback were associated with students’ cognitive risk for depression. When the negative childhood life events were divided into subsets, no main effects or interactions were found.

Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression and Lifetime History of Axis I Psychopathology: A Comparison of Negative Cognitive Styles (CSQ) and Dysfunctional Attitudes (DAS)

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Haeffel ◽  
Lyn Y. Abramson ◽  
Zachary R. Voelz ◽  
Gerald I. Metalsky ◽  
Lisa Halberstadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Hopelessness Theory ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Axis I

The goal of this study was to “unpack” the “generic” cognitive vulnerability employed in the retrospective behavioral high-risk design of Alloy and colleagues (2000), one of the major publications emanating from the Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression (CAD) Project to date. To this end, we used a retrospective behavioral high-risk design with a new sample of unselected undergraduates and examined the unique association between lifetime history of clinically significant depression as well as other Axis I disorders (e.g., anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders) and both dysfunctional attitudes (DAS, featured in Beck’s theory) and negative cognitive styles (CSQ, featured in hopelessness theory). We present results supporting the cognitive vulnerability factor featured in the hopelessness theory and the construct validity of the CSQ. Negative cognitive styles were more strongly and consistently associated with lifetime history of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) major depression and hopelessness depression than were dysfunctional attitudes. These results suggest that negative cognitive styles, as assessed by the CSQ, were a potent component of the “generic” cognitive vulnerability effect in Alloy and associates’ (2000) retrospective behavioral high-risk design. Interestingly, negative cognitive styles also were significantly associated with a participant having had a past RDC anxiety diagnosis. Thus, consistent with past research, our results suggest that negative cognitive styles and dysfunctional attitudes are distinct constructs as measured by the CSQ and DAS, respectively. Of further interest, gender differences in depression were obtained with college women in our study exhibiting significantly greater lifetime history of RDC major depression than college men.

Childhood Emotional Maltreatment, Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression, and Self-Referent Information Processing in Adulthood: Reciprocal Relations

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Steinberg ◽  
Brandon E. Gibb ◽  
Lauren B. Alloy ◽  
Lyn Y. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Emotional Maltreatment ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Information Processing Biases ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
Alternate Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk For Depression

Previous work has established a relationship between reports of childhood emotional maltreatment and cognitive vulnerability to depression, as well as an association between cognitive vulnerability and self-referent information-processing biases. Findings from this study of individuals at low (LR) and high (HR) cognitive risk for depression revealed a relationship between reports of childhood emotional maltreatment and current information processing biases. Specifically, individuals with greater childhood emotional maltreatment exhibited more negative self-referent information processing. Moreover, cognitive risk mediated the relationship between childhood emotional maltreatment and these information-processing biases. Testing an alternate model, information-processing biases also mediated the relationship between childhood emotional maltreatment and cognitive risk.

Self-Distancing May Be Harmful: Third-Person Writing Increases Levels of Depressive Symptoms Compared to Traditional Expressive Writing and No Writing

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Annaleis K. Giovanetti ◽  
JUlia C. Revord ◽  
Maria P. Sasso ◽  
Gerald J. Haeffel
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
The Self ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Daily Writing ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Risk For Depression

Introduction: The positive effects of expressive writing on both mental and physical health are well documented. However, expressive writing may have the potential to activate negative schemas and facilitate rumination in those at high cognitive risk for depression (Yasinski, Hayes, & Laurenceau, 2016). The current research tested the hypothesis that writing using self-distancing would be more effective than traditional expressive writing in preventing depressive symptoms for those at high cognitive risk for depression. Method: Two studies using undergraduate samples (n = 104 and n = 80) were conducted to test our hypotheses. Both studies used a two-week daily writing experimental design. Results: Contrary to hypotheses, Study 1 found that individuals randomly assigned to a self-distancing writing condition reported greater levels of depressive symptoms than those assigned to a traditional expressive writing condition. The results of Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1. Participants randomly assigned to the self-distancing writing condition reported significantly greater levels of depressive symptoms than those in the expressive writing and no-writing control conditions. The effect of writing condition in Study 2 was driven by those with high levels of cognitive vulnerability. Discussion: Results suggest that writing using self-distancing should not be used for the prevention of depressive symptoms.

Association of OCD with a History of Traumatic Events Among Patients in Methadone Maintenance Treatment

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einat Peles ◽  
Miriam Adelson ◽  
Shaul Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Axis I

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We studied the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and lifetime history of any traumatic events among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients.Methods: In a cross-sectional sample of 167 patients, we clinically assessed for OCD using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and interviewed for their lifetime history of traumas.Results: OCD was defined among 40.1% patients. Sixteen percent of patients reported having been victims of sexual abuse or rape, 21.6% had self-inflicted physical injuries, 34.1% attempted suicide, 44.9% sustained other physical violence or abuse, 28.7% were involved in a car accident as drivers and 6% as passengers, and 16.8% had significant falls. Patients with OCD compared with patients without OCD included more rape victims (28.4% vs. 9%), had more self-inflicted physical injuries (31.3% vs. 15%), and had more suicide attempts (46.3% vs. 26%), with no differences in other traumatic events exposure. The OCD group was characterized as being female (OR=4.0 [95% CI 1.7-9.3]), having a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text-Revision Axis I psychiatric disorder (OR=2.6 [95% CI 1.2-5.5]), being Israeli born (OR=2.9 [95% CI 1.2-6.9]), abusing benzodiazepines (OR=2.2 [95% CI 1.02-4.6]), having attempted suicide (OR=2.5 [95% CI 1.1-5.4]), and having longer duration of opiate abuse before admission to MMT (OR=1.06 [95% CI 1.01-1.1]).

scholarly journals The Relationship Between a Lifetime History of Sexual Victimization and Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110216
Author(s):  
Brooke N. Lombardi ◽  
Todd M. Jensen ◽  
Anna B. Parisi ◽  
Melissa Jenkins ◽  
Sarah E. Bledsoe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Size Estimate ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Size Estimate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Size Estimates

Background: The association between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and the well-being of women during the perinatal period has received increasing attention. However, research investigating this relationship has yet to be systematically reviewed or quantitatively synthesized. Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to calculate the pooled effect size estimate of the statistical association between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and perinatal depression (PND). Method: Four bibliographic databases were systematically searched, and reference harvesting was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles that empirically examined associations between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and PND. A random effects model was used to ascertain an overall pooled effect size estimate in the form of an odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were also conducted to assess whether particular study features and sample characteristic (e.g., race and ethnicity) influenced the magnitude of effect size estimates. Results: This review included 36 studies, with 45 effect size estimates available for meta-analysis. Women with a lifetime history of sexual victimization had 51% greater odds of experiencing PND relative to women with no history of sexual victimization ( OR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.35, 1.67]). Effect size estimates varied considerably according to the PND instrument used in each study and the racial/ethnic composition of each sample. Conclusion: Findings provide compelling evidence for an association between a lifetime history of sexual victimization and PND. Future research should focus on screening practices and interventions that identify and support survivors of sexual victimization perinatally.

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